{"id":{"repo_id":"southwales","oai_identifier":"oai:pure.atira.dk:studenttheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/southwales/oai:pure.atira.dk:studenttheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7","repository":{"repo_id":"southwales","name":"University of South Wales","base_url":"https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/ws/oai"},"display":{"title":"The characterisation of crude oils and the analysis of by-products produced in petrochemical plants","abstract":"The use of solid phase extraction (SPE) in conjunction with gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been evaluated for identifying aromatic compounds in crude oils. A standard hexane solution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was used for SPE method development using a coupled silic cyano cartridge system. Quantitative GC/MS analysis confirmed that the SPE method developed provided potential for the high recovery of the PAHs within a single solvent fraction. The SPE method proved unsuccessful for the isolation of aromatic compounds from crude oil since the oil itself modified the mobile phase.<br/><br/>Column chromatography with silica as stationary phase provided a means of fractionating crude oil such that the aromatic profile could be determined by GC/MS. With this approach in excess of forty aromatic compounds were found to be present within a sample of Libyan crude oil . The use of supercritical fluid extraction was also evaluated as a rapid means for the isolation of aromatic species from crude oil. The oil was loaded onto a silica support prior to extraction. Using high density supercritical fluid carbon dioxide only aliphatic hydrocarbons could be isolated from the crude oil sample.<br/><br/>Studies involving chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were also performed to characterise by-products associated with petrochemical plant and gas field industrial operations. An impurity isolated from a urea plant was tentatively identified as a polyamide species whereas an impurity obtained from a methanol plant was found to be composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from C-12 to C-33. A deposit obtained from the Sahel gas field was determined to be largely composed of a complex mixture of inorganic compounds.<br/>","abstract_html":"The use of solid phase extraction (SPE) in conjunction with gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been evaluated for identifying aromatic compounds in crude oils. A standard hexane solution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was used for SPE method development using a coupled silic cyano cartridge system. Quantitative GC/MS analysis confirmed that the SPE method developed provided potential for the high recovery of the PAHs within a single solvent fraction. The SPE method proved unsuccessful for the isolation of aromatic compounds from crude oil since the oil itself modified the mobile phase.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Column chromatography with silica as stationary phase provided a means of fractionating crude oil such that the aromatic profile could be determined by GC/MS. With this approach in excess of forty aromatic compounds were found to be present within a sample of Libyan crude oil . The use of supercritical fluid extraction was also evaluated as a rapid means for the isolation of aromatic species from crude oil. The oil was loaded onto a silica support prior to extraction. Using high density supercritical fluid carbon dioxide only aliphatic hydrocarbons could be isolated from the crude oil sample.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Studies involving chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were also performed to characterise by-products associated with petrochemical plant and gas field industrial operations. An impurity isolated from a urea plant was tentatively identified as a polyamide species whereas an impurity obtained from a methanol plant was found to be composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from C-12 to C-33. A deposit obtained from the Sahel gas field was determined to be largely composed of a complex mixture of inorganic compounds.&lt;br/&gt;","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wafa, Aboulgasim"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master's Thesis","degree_level":"Student thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1996,"date_issued":"1996","date_published":"1996","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:39:25Z","subjects":[],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:pure.atira.dk:studenttheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7"],"render_values":[{"text":"oai:pure.atira.dk:studenttheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wafa, Aboulgasim"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["1996"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1996"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Student thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["Master's Thesis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:pure.atira.dk:studenttheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7","https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/files/3307802/A._I._M._Wafa_1996_2064835.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The use of solid phase extraction (SPE) in conjunction with gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been evaluated for identifying aromatic compounds in crude oils. A standard hexane solution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was used for SPE method development using a coupled silic cyano cartridge system. Quantitative GC/MS analysis confirmed that the SPE method developed provided potential for the high recovery of the PAHs within a single solvent fraction. The SPE method proved unsuccessful for the isolation of aromatic compounds from crude oil since the oil itself modified the mobile phase.<br/><br/>Column chromatography with silica as stationary phase provided a means of fractionating crude oil such that the aromatic profile could be determined by GC/MS. With this approach in excess of forty aromatic compounds were found to be present within a sample of Libyan crude oil . The use of supercritical fluid extraction was also evaluated as a rapid means for the isolation of aromatic species from crude oil. The oil was loaded onto a silica support prior to extraction. Using high density supercritical fluid carbon dioxide only aliphatic hydrocarbons could be isolated from the crude oil sample.<br/><br/>Studies involving chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were also performed to characterise by-products associated with petrochemical plant and gas field industrial operations. An impurity isolated from a urea plant was tentatively identified as a polyamide species whereas an impurity obtained from a methanol plant was found to be composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from C-12 to C-33. A deposit obtained from the Sahel gas field was determined to be largely composed of a complex mixture of inorganic compounds.<br/>"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The characterisation of crude oils and the analysis of by-products produced in petrochemical plants"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Wafa, Aboulgasim"],"dc:date":["1996"],"dc:date.issued":["1996"],"dc:description.abstract":["The use of solid phase extraction (SPE) in conjunction with gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been evaluated for identifying aromatic compounds in crude oils. A standard hexane solution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was used for SPE method development using a coupled silic cyano cartridge system. Quantitative GC/MS analysis confirmed that the SPE method developed provided potential for the high recovery of the PAHs within a single solvent fraction. The SPE method proved unsuccessful for the isolation of aromatic compounds from crude oil since the oil itself modified the mobile phase.<br/><br/>Column chromatography with silica as stationary phase provided a means of fractionating crude oil such that the aromatic profile could be determined by GC/MS. With this approach in excess of forty aromatic compounds were found to be present within a sample of Libyan crude oil . The use of supercritical fluid extraction was also evaluated as a rapid means for the isolation of aromatic species from crude oil. The oil was loaded onto a silica support prior to extraction. Using high density supercritical fluid carbon dioxide only aliphatic hydrocarbons could be isolated from the crude oil sample.<br/><br/>Studies involving chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were also performed to characterise by-products associated with petrochemical plant and gas field industrial operations. An impurity isolated from a urea plant was tentatively identified as a polyamide species whereas an impurity obtained from a methanol plant was found to be composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from C-12 to C-33. A deposit obtained from the Sahel gas field was determined to be largely composed of a complex mixture of inorganic compounds.<br/>"],"dc:identifier":["oai:pure.atira.dk:studenttheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7","https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/files/3307802/A._I._M._Wafa_1996_2064835.pdf"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2602567f-d0ee-41c9-a697-d66810e97ec7"],"dc:title":["The characterisation of crude oils and the analysis of by-products produced in petrochemical plants"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Student thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["Master's Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:39:25Z"}