Several bicycle N-arylimide based molecular balances were designed to study aliphatic CH-pi interactions and aromatic CH-pi interactions (edge-to-face arene-arene interactions). In each case, the geometries of the interactions were characterized in the solid-state via X-ray analysis, and the strengths of interactions were characterized in solution by their folded/unfolded ratios, as measured by integration of their 1H NMR spectra.
The balances are very sensitive to variations in the strengths of weak non-covalent interactions. Several different aspects of the CH-pi interactions were studied, such as sterics, conformational entropy, cooperativity, deuterium isotope effect, substitution effects, and solvent effects. It showed that due to the weak nature of CH-pi interactions, many forces can contribute on determining their interacting energies with similar magnitudes. Approaches using \"double-mutant cycles\" to isolate the interactions of interest from secondary effects were presented. The balances can also be used to the study of other non-covalent interaction, and the investigations were included in the last chapter.
","abstract_html":"<p>Several bicycle N-arylimide based molecular balances were designed to study aliphatic CH-pi interactions and aromatic CH-pi interactions (edge-to-face arene-arene interactions). In each case, the geometries of the interactions were characterized in the solid-state via X-ray analysis, and the strengths of interactions were characterized in solution by their folded/unfolded ratios, as measured by integration of their 1H NMR spectra. </p> <p> The balances are very sensitive to variations in the strengths of weak non-covalent interactions. Several different aspects of the CH-pi interactions were studied, such as sterics, conformational entropy, cooperativity, deuterium isotope effect, substitution effects, and solvent effects. It showed that due to the weak nature of CH-pi interactions, many forces can contribute on determining their interacting energies with similar magnitudes. Approaches using "double-mutant cycles" to isolate the interactions of interest from secondary effects were presented. The balances can also be used to the study of other non-covalent interaction, and the investigations were included in the last chapter.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Zhao, Chen"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Open Access Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Chemistry and Biochemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Ken D Shimizu","Qian Wang"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2013-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:38:37Z","subjects":["Chemistry","Physical Sciences and Mathematics"],"languages":[],"rights":["© 2013, Chen Zhao"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2401","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Ken D Shimizu","Qian Wang"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Zhao, Chen"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry and Biochemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Open Access Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Chemistry","Physical Sciences and Mathematics"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["© 2013, Chen Zhao"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2401"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Several bicycle N-arylimide based molecular balances were designed to study aliphatic CH-pi interactions and aromatic CH-pi interactions (edge-to-face arene-arene interactions). In each case, the geometries of the interactions were characterized in the solid-state via X-ray analysis, and the strengths of interactions were characterized in solution by their folded/unfolded ratios, as measured by integration of their 1H NMR spectra.
The balances are very sensitive to variations in the strengths of weak non-covalent interactions. Several different aspects of the CH-pi interactions were studied, such as sterics, conformational entropy, cooperativity, deuterium isotope effect, substitution effects, and solvent effects. It showed that due to the weak nature of CH-pi interactions, many forces can contribute on determining their interacting energies with similar magnitudes. Approaches using \"double-mutant cycles\" to isolate the interactions of interest from secondary effects were presented. The balances can also be used to the study of other non-covalent interaction, and the investigations were included in the last chapter.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Investigations of the Non-Covalent CH-Π Interactions Using Molecular Torsional Balances"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Ken D Shimizu","Qian Wang"],"dc:creator":["Zhao, Chen"],"dc:description.abstract":["Several bicycle N-arylimide based molecular balances were designed to study aliphatic CH-pi interactions and aromatic CH-pi interactions (edge-to-face arene-arene interactions). In each case, the geometries of the interactions were characterized in the solid-state via X-ray analysis, and the strengths of interactions were characterized in solution by their folded/unfolded ratios, as measured by integration of their 1H NMR spectra.
The balances are very sensitive to variations in the strengths of weak non-covalent interactions. Several different aspects of the CH-pi interactions were studied, such as sterics, conformational entropy, cooperativity, deuterium isotope effect, substitution effects, and solvent effects. It showed that due to the weak nature of CH-pi interactions, many forces can contribute on determining their interacting energies with similar magnitudes. Approaches using \"double-mutant cycles\" to isolate the interactions of interest from secondary effects were presented. The balances can also be used to the study of other non-covalent interaction, and the investigations were included in the last chapter.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2401"],"dc:rights":["© 2013, Chen Zhao"],"dc:subject":["Chemistry","Physical Sciences and Mathematics"],"dc:title":["Investigations of the Non-Covalent CH-Π Interactions Using Molecular Torsional Balances"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemistry and Biochemistry"],"thesis:degree_level":["Open Access Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:38:37Z"}