Increased asthma worldwide demands efforts in prevention which are only possible if risk factors are properly identified and understood. Studies have linked maternal smoking and breastfeeding with asthma. Additionally, there has been an observed phenomenon during adolescence where asthma prevalence shifts from being higher in boys to being higher in girls. Puberty is a period of developmental transition and therefore a target for prevention. However, puberty is not an isolated event as early life factors influence its onset and duration. We examined the network of causal pathways between prenatal, childhood, and pubertal factors with adult force vital capacity (FVC) in the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort Study (n=1,456). Path analysis was used investigating possible associations between gestational maternal smoking, breast feeding, birth weight, early weight gain, age of menarche and breast development (for females only), age of growth spurt (for males only), and adult height and FVC. In males there was a pathway linking maternal smoking to breastfeeding to infant weight gain to age of growth spurt which was finally associated with FVC. In addition, maternal smoking was significantly associated with FVC. In females there was a significant association between breastfeeding and FVC. In females a pathway was observed connecting maternal smoking, breastfeeding, infant weight gain, breast development, menarche, and FVC. These causal webs show how gestational maternal smoking and breastfeeding affect lung health via individual growth and puberty. This contributes to an understanding of asthma etiology and natural history that can be used in preventative public health practice.
","abstract_html":"<p>Increased asthma worldwide demands efforts in prevention which are only possible if risk factors are properly identified and understood. Studies have linked maternal smoking and breastfeeding with asthma. Additionally, there has been an observed phenomenon during adolescence where asthma prevalence shifts from being higher in boys to being higher in girls. Puberty is a period of developmental transition and therefore a target for prevention. However, puberty is not an isolated event as early life factors influence its onset and duration. We examined the network of causal pathways between prenatal, childhood, and pubertal factors with adult force vital capacity (FVC) in the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort Study (n=1,456). Path analysis was used investigating possible associations between gestational maternal smoking, breast feeding, birth weight, early weight gain, age of menarche and breast development (for females only), age of growth spurt (for males only), and adult height and FVC. In males there was a pathway linking maternal smoking to breastfeeding to infant weight gain to age of growth spurt which was finally associated with FVC. In addition, maternal smoking was significantly associated with FVC. In females there was a significant association between breastfeeding and FVC. In females a pathway was observed connecting maternal smoking, breastfeeding, infant weight gain, breast development, menarche, and FVC. These causal webs show how gestational maternal smoking and breastfeeding affect lung health via individual growth and puberty. This contributes to an understanding of asthma etiology and natural history that can be used in preventative public health practice.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Yousefi, Mitra"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"M.S.P.H.","degree_level":"Campus Access Thesis","degree_discipline":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Wilfried Karmaus"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:37:34Z","subjects":["Epidemiology","Medicine and Health Sciences","Public Health"],"languages":[],"rights":["© 2011, Mitra Yousefi"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1188","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Wilfried Karmaus"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Yousefi, Mitra"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Epidemiology and Biostatistics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Campus Access Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S.P.H."]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Epidemiology","Medicine and Health Sciences","Public Health"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["© 2011, Mitra Yousefi"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1188"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Increased asthma worldwide demands efforts in prevention which are only possible if risk factors are properly identified and understood. Studies have linked maternal smoking and breastfeeding with asthma. Additionally, there has been an observed phenomenon during adolescence where asthma prevalence shifts from being higher in boys to being higher in girls. Puberty is a period of developmental transition and therefore a target for prevention. However, puberty is not an isolated event as early life factors influence its onset and duration. We examined the network of causal pathways between prenatal, childhood, and pubertal factors with adult force vital capacity (FVC) in the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort Study (n=1,456). Path analysis was used investigating possible associations between gestational maternal smoking, breast feeding, birth weight, early weight gain, age of menarche and breast development (for females only), age of growth spurt (for males only), and adult height and FVC. In males there was a pathway linking maternal smoking to breastfeeding to infant weight gain to age of growth spurt which was finally associated with FVC. In addition, maternal smoking was significantly associated with FVC. In females there was a significant association between breastfeeding and FVC. In females a pathway was observed connecting maternal smoking, breastfeeding, infant weight gain, breast development, menarche, and FVC. These causal webs show how gestational maternal smoking and breastfeeding affect lung health via individual growth and puberty. This contributes to an understanding of asthma etiology and natural history that can be used in preventative public health practice.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Causal Web of Association for Influence of Early Life Factors on Pubertal Timing and Adult Lung Volume at Age 18 Years"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Wilfried Karmaus"],"dc:creator":["Yousefi, Mitra"],"dc:description.abstract":["Increased asthma worldwide demands efforts in prevention which are only possible if risk factors are properly identified and understood. Studies have linked maternal smoking and breastfeeding with asthma. Additionally, there has been an observed phenomenon during adolescence where asthma prevalence shifts from being higher in boys to being higher in girls. Puberty is a period of developmental transition and therefore a target for prevention. However, puberty is not an isolated event as early life factors influence its onset and duration. We examined the network of causal pathways between prenatal, childhood, and pubertal factors with adult force vital capacity (FVC) in the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort Study (n=1,456). Path analysis was used investigating possible associations between gestational maternal smoking, breast feeding, birth weight, early weight gain, age of menarche and breast development (for females only), age of growth spurt (for males only), and adult height and FVC. In males there was a pathway linking maternal smoking to breastfeeding to infant weight gain to age of growth spurt which was finally associated with FVC. In addition, maternal smoking was significantly associated with FVC. In females there was a significant association between breastfeeding and FVC. In females a pathway was observed connecting maternal smoking, breastfeeding, infant weight gain, breast development, menarche, and FVC. These causal webs show how gestational maternal smoking and breastfeeding affect lung health via individual growth and puberty. This contributes to an understanding of asthma etiology and natural history that can be used in preventative public health practice.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1188"],"dc:rights":["© 2011, Mitra Yousefi"],"dc:subject":["Epidemiology","Medicine and Health Sciences","Public Health"],"dc:title":["Causal Web of Association for Influence of Early Life Factors on Pubertal Timing and Adult Lung Volume at Age 18 Years"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Epidemiology and Biostatistics"],"thesis:degree_level":["Campus Access Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S.P.H."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:37:34Z"}