This dissertation will focus on the lived experiences of African-American school counselors in majority school districts and the lack of retention among this population. The lack of retention and representation of ethnic minorities in the workforce has been the subject of much discussion throughout the United States (Ingersoll, 2004). The literature constantly challenges institutions, school districts, and industry to address the lack of diversity (Alston, 2000; Basit & McNamara, 2004; Charles, 2003; Fennell & Miller, 2007; Moradi & Neimeyer, 2005; Souto-Manning & Dice, 2007 and Wright, 1972). The lack of retention among ethnic minorities has become a major concern in education (McNulty & Brown, 2009; Vygotsky, 1978), specifically the representation of minorities in majority settings. The researcher wishes to concentrate on the population of African-American school counselors who are working in majority Caucasian school districts.
","abstract_html":"<p>This dissertation will focus on the lived experiences of African-American school counselors in majority school districts and the lack of retention among this population. The lack of retention and representation of ethnic minorities in the workforce has been the subject of much discussion throughout the United States (Ingersoll, 2004). The literature constantly challenges institutions, school districts, and industry to address the lack of diversity (Alston, 2000; Basit & McNamara, 2004; Charles, 2003; Fennell & Miller, 2007; Moradi & Neimeyer, 2005; Souto-Manning & Dice, 2007 and Wright, 1972). The lack of retention among ethnic minorities has become a major concern in education (McNulty & Brown, 2009; Vygotsky, 1978), specifically the representation of minorities in majority settings. The researcher wishes to concentrate on the population of African-American school counselors who are working in majority Caucasian school districts.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wingate, Crystal Nicole"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Campus Access Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Educational Studies","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Joshua M Gold"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:37:49Z","subjects":["African-American school counselors","critical race theory","leadership","race","retention","school counseling"],"languages":[],"rights":["© 2011, Crystal Nicole Wingate"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/839","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Joshua M Gold"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wingate, Crystal Nicole"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Educational Studies"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Campus Access Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph.D."]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["African-American school counselors","critical race theory","leadership","race","retention","school counseling"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["© 2011, Crystal Nicole Wingate"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/839"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This dissertation will focus on the lived experiences of African-American school counselors in majority school districts and the lack of retention among this population. The lack of retention and representation of ethnic minorities in the workforce has been the subject of much discussion throughout the United States (Ingersoll, 2004). The literature constantly challenges institutions, school districts, and industry to address the lack of diversity (Alston, 2000; Basit & McNamara, 2004; Charles, 2003; Fennell & Miller, 2007; Moradi & Neimeyer, 2005; Souto-Manning & Dice, 2007 and Wright, 1972). The lack of retention among ethnic minorities has become a major concern in education (McNulty & Brown, 2009; Vygotsky, 1978), specifically the representation of minorities in majority settings. The researcher wishes to concentrate on the population of African-American school counselors who are working in majority Caucasian school districts.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["African-American School Counselors in Majority School Districts: A Qualitative Perspective of Their Lived Experiences"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Joshua M Gold"],"dc:creator":["Wingate, Crystal Nicole"],"dc:description.abstract":["This dissertation will focus on the lived experiences of African-American school counselors in majority school districts and the lack of retention among this population. The lack of retention and representation of ethnic minorities in the workforce has been the subject of much discussion throughout the United States (Ingersoll, 2004). The literature constantly challenges institutions, school districts, and industry to address the lack of diversity (Alston, 2000; Basit & McNamara, 2004; Charles, 2003; Fennell & Miller, 2007; Moradi & Neimeyer, 2005; Souto-Manning & Dice, 2007 and Wright, 1972). The lack of retention among ethnic minorities has become a major concern in education (McNulty & Brown, 2009; Vygotsky, 1978), specifically the representation of minorities in majority settings. The researcher wishes to concentrate on the population of African-American school counselors who are working in majority Caucasian school districts.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/839"],"dc:rights":["© 2011, Crystal Nicole Wingate"],"dc:subject":["African-American school counselors","critical race theory","leadership","race","retention","school counseling"],"dc:title":["African-American School Counselors in Majority School Districts: A Qualitative Perspective of Their Lived Experiences"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Educational Studies"],"thesis:degree_level":["Campus Access Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:37:49Z"}