Context: Exercise in the heat causes physiological and perceptual changes which can indicate decreased performance or heat illness. Understanding the signs of heat stress is important for those who exercise in the heat.
Objective: To examine the effects of uncompensable heat stress on physiological and perceptual measures and time to exhaustion. Design: Randomized, crossover design.
Setting: Exercise physiology laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Ten euhydrated, sodium-balanced participants (6 male, 4 female, age=27.9 ± 7.76 years, height=172.72 ± 12.54 cm, mass=154.59 ± 34.74 kg) completed this study.
Intervention(s): Participants completed 2 trials: a control trial (C) in temperate conditions, and a heat stress trial (HST) in hot, humid conditions. Participants exercised at 2.25 m/s on a treadmill until fatigue or core temperature of 40
Main Outcome Measure(s): Body mass was measured pre-, post-, and after every 15 min of exercise. Heart rate, core temperature, perceived exertion, and perceived fatigue were assessed pre-exercise and after every 5 min of exercise. Blood samples were collected pre-, post-, and after every 30 min of exercise. Urine samples were collected pre-end post-exercise. VO2max was estimated from 12 min run distance.
Results: Time to exhaustion was decreased in the HST. Core temperature at 35 min, heart rate at 30 min, perceived exertion at 35 min, and perceived fatigue at 40 min were higher in the HST. Physiological strain index was higher in the HST at 15, 35, 40, and 45 min. VO2max was positively related to time to exhaustion in the HST, but negatively related in the C trial. Sweat rate was not related to time to exhaustion.
Conclusions: Environment had a negative effect on both physiological and perceptual measures. Monitoring these variables and understanding their context is important for those who exercise in the heat.
","abstract_html":"<p><strong>Context:</strong> Exercise in the heat causes physiological and perceptual changes which can indicate decreased performance or heat illness. Understanding the signs of heat stress is important for those who exercise in the heat.</p> <p><strong>Objective:</strong> To examine the effects of uncompensable heat stress on physiological and perceptual measures and time to exhaustion. Design: Randomized, crossover design. <p><strong>Setting:</strong> Exercise physiology laboratory.</p> <p><strong>Patients or Other Participants:</strong> Ten euhydrated, sodium-balanced participants (6 male, 4 female, age=27.9 ± 7.76 years, height=172.72 ± 12.54 cm, mass=154.59 ± 34.74 kg) completed this study.</p> <p><strong>Intervention(s):</strong> Participants completed 2 trials: a control trial (C) in temperate conditions, and a heat stress trial (HST) in hot, humid conditions. Participants exercised at 2.25 m/s on a treadmill until fatigue or core temperature of 40<super>o</super>C was reached.</p> <p><strong>Main Outcome Measure(s):</strong> Body mass was measured pre-, post-, and after every 15 min of exercise. Heart rate, core temperature, perceived exertion, and perceived fatigue were assessed pre-exercise and after every 5 min of exercise. Blood samples were collected pre-, post-, and after every 30 min of exercise. Urine samples were collected pre-end post-exercise. VO<sub>2</sub>max was estimated from 12 min run distance.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Time to exhaustion was decreased in the HST. Core temperature at 35 min, heart rate at 30 min, perceived exertion at 35 min, and perceived fatigue at 40 min were higher in the HST. Physiological strain index was higher in the HST at 15, 35, 40, and 45 min. VO<sub>2</sub>max was positively related to time to exhaustion in the HST, but negatively related in the C trial. Sweat rate was not related to time to exhaustion.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Environment had a negative effect on both physiological and perceptual measures. Monitoring these variables and understanding their context is important for those who exercise in the heat.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Emerson, Charles C"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MS","degree_level":"Campus Access Thesis","degree_discipline":"Physical Education","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Toni Torres-McGehee"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2009,"date_issued":"2009-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:36:43Z","subjects":["Education","Other Education","fatigue","hyperthermia","Physiological Strain Index"],"languages":[],"rights":["© 2009, Charles C Emerson"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/22","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Toni Torres-McGehee"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Emerson, Charles C"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Physical Education"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Campus Access Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["MS"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Education","Other Education","fatigue","hyperthermia","Physiological Strain Index"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["© 2009, Charles C Emerson"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/22"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Context: Exercise in the heat causes physiological and perceptual changes which can indicate decreased performance or heat illness. Understanding the signs of heat stress is important for those who exercise in the heat.
Objective: To examine the effects of uncompensable heat stress on physiological and perceptual measures and time to exhaustion. Design: Randomized, crossover design.
Setting: Exercise physiology laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Ten euhydrated, sodium-balanced participants (6 male, 4 female, age=27.9 ± 7.76 years, height=172.72 ± 12.54 cm, mass=154.59 ± 34.74 kg) completed this study.
Intervention(s): Participants completed 2 trials: a control trial (C) in temperate conditions, and a heat stress trial (HST) in hot, humid conditions. Participants exercised at 2.25 m/s on a treadmill until fatigue or core temperature of 40
Main Outcome Measure(s): Body mass was measured pre-, post-, and after every 15 min of exercise. Heart rate, core temperature, perceived exertion, and perceived fatigue were assessed pre-exercise and after every 5 min of exercise. Blood samples were collected pre-, post-, and after every 30 min of exercise. Urine samples were collected pre-end post-exercise. VO2max was estimated from 12 min run distance.
Results: Time to exhaustion was decreased in the HST. Core temperature at 35 min, heart rate at 30 min, perceived exertion at 35 min, and perceived fatigue at 40 min were higher in the HST. Physiological strain index was higher in the HST at 15, 35, 40, and 45 min. VO2max was positively related to time to exhaustion in the HST, but negatively related in the C trial. Sweat rate was not related to time to exhaustion.
Conclusions: Environment had a negative effect on both physiological and perceptual measures. Monitoring these variables and understanding their context is important for those who exercise in the heat.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effect of Uncompensable Heat Stress On Fatigue, Physiological, and Perceptual Measures"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Toni Torres-McGehee"],"dc:creator":["Emerson, Charles C"],"dc:description.abstract":["Context: Exercise in the heat causes physiological and perceptual changes which can indicate decreased performance or heat illness. Understanding the signs of heat stress is important for those who exercise in the heat.
Objective: To examine the effects of uncompensable heat stress on physiological and perceptual measures and time to exhaustion. Design: Randomized, crossover design.
Setting: Exercise physiology laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Ten euhydrated, sodium-balanced participants (6 male, 4 female, age=27.9 ± 7.76 years, height=172.72 ± 12.54 cm, mass=154.59 ± 34.74 kg) completed this study.
Intervention(s): Participants completed 2 trials: a control trial (C) in temperate conditions, and a heat stress trial (HST) in hot, humid conditions. Participants exercised at 2.25 m/s on a treadmill until fatigue or core temperature of 40
Main Outcome Measure(s): Body mass was measured pre-, post-, and after every 15 min of exercise. Heart rate, core temperature, perceived exertion, and perceived fatigue were assessed pre-exercise and after every 5 min of exercise. Blood samples were collected pre-, post-, and after every 30 min of exercise. Urine samples were collected pre-end post-exercise. VO2max was estimated from 12 min run distance.
Results: Time to exhaustion was decreased in the HST. Core temperature at 35 min, heart rate at 30 min, perceived exertion at 35 min, and perceived fatigue at 40 min were higher in the HST. Physiological strain index was higher in the HST at 15, 35, 40, and 45 min. VO2max was positively related to time to exhaustion in the HST, but negatively related in the C trial. Sweat rate was not related to time to exhaustion.
Conclusions: Environment had a negative effect on both physiological and perceptual measures. Monitoring these variables and understanding their context is important for those who exercise in the heat.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/22"],"dc:rights":["© 2009, Charles C Emerson"],"dc:subject":["Education","Other Education","fatigue","hyperthermia","Physiological Strain Index"],"dc:title":["The Effect of Uncompensable Heat Stress On Fatigue, Physiological, and Perceptual Measures"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Physical Education"],"thesis:degree_level":["Campus Access Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["MS"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:36:43Z"}