{"id":{"repo_id":"soton","oai_identifier":"oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:30233"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/soton/oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:30233","repository":{"repo_id":"soton","name":"University of Southampton","base_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Frequency-resolved optical gating in periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide devices","abstract":"Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) is a well-established and widely-employed technique for the intensity and phase characterisation of ultrashort optical pulses. Essentially, FROG involves mixing an ultrashort optical pulse with its time-delayed replica, or another pulse, in a nonlinear material or device to yield a two dimensional data set called a spectrogram, from which the electric field of the ultrashort pulse can be retrieved by an iterative algorithm. The most commonly used configuration is based on second-order nonlinear interactions in bulk materials, mainly because of its high efficiency compared to other schemes based on third-order nonlinear interactions. The research work in this thesis led to the first successful implementation of an integrated Lithium Niobate for the FROG device, based on sum-frequency generation. We demonstrated simultaneous complete characterisation of two ultrashort pulses of durations 4-25 ps in the 1.55 µm-band with a coupled energy of 430 fJ in a 26mm long PPLN waveguide device. The temporal walk-off between the interacting pulses in this interaction resulted in an acceptance bandwidth of 0.75 nm, limiting the measurable pulse duration to ~ 4.5 ps. In order to overcome this limitation, we proposed and demonstrated a novel FROG configuration based on cascaded second-harmonic and difference-frequency generations. Theoretical and numerical analyses of this configuration revealed its robustness against the temporal walk-off effect, resulting in improved temporal resolutions. This was experimentally verified by characterising a 2.1 ps pulse train with a coupled average power (energy) of 72 µW (29 fJ) in the PPLN waveguide device previously mentioned.","abstract_html":"Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) is a well-established and widely-employed technique for the intensity and phase characterisation of ultrashort optical pulses. Essentially, FROG involves mixing an ultrashort optical pulse with its time-delayed replica, or another pulse, in a nonlinear material or device to yield a two dimensional data set called a spectrogram, from which the electric field of the ultrashort pulse can be retrieved by an iterative algorithm. The most commonly used configuration is based on second-order nonlinear interactions in bulk materials, mainly because of its high efficiency compared to other schemes based on third-order nonlinear interactions. The research work in this thesis led to the first successful implementation of an integrated Lithium Niobate for the FROG device, based on sum-frequency generation. We demonstrated simultaneous complete characterisation of two ultrashort pulses of durations 4-25 ps in the 1.55 µm-band with a coupled energy of 430 fJ in a 26mm long PPLN waveguide device. The temporal walk-off between the interacting pulses in this interaction resulted in an acceptance bandwidth of 0.75 nm, limiting the measurable pulse duration to ~ 4.5 ps. In order to overcome this limitation, we proposed and demonstrated a novel FROG configuration based on cascaded second-harmonic and difference-frequency generations. Theoretical and numerical analyses of this configuration revealed its robustness against the temporal walk-off effect, resulting in improved temporal resolutions. This was experimentally verified by characterising a 2.1 ps pulse train with a coupled average power (energy) of 72 µW (29 fJ) in the PPLN waveguide device previously mentioned.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Prawiharjo, J."],"institution":"University of Southampton","degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Broderick, Neil"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2005,"date_issued":"2005-09","date_published":"2005-09","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:35:42Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Broderick, Neil"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Prawiharjo, J."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2005-09-01"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2005-09"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Optoelectronics Research Centre (pre 2011 reorg)","Optoelectronics Research Centre"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Southampton"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/30233/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["Ph.D."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/30233/1/30233-01.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) is a well-established and widely-employed technique for the intensity and phase characterisation of ultrashort optical pulses. Essentially, FROG involves mixing an ultrashort optical pulse with its time-delayed replica, or another pulse, in a nonlinear material or device to yield a two dimensional data set called a spectrogram, from which the electric field of the ultrashort pulse can be retrieved by an iterative algorithm. The most commonly used configuration is based on second-order nonlinear interactions in bulk materials, mainly because of its high efficiency compared to other schemes based on third-order nonlinear interactions. The research work in this thesis led to the first successful implementation of an integrated Lithium Niobate for the FROG device, based on sum-frequency generation. We demonstrated simultaneous complete characterisation of two ultrashort pulses of durations 4-25 ps in the 1.55 µm-band with a coupled energy of 430 fJ in a 26mm long PPLN waveguide device. The temporal walk-off between the interacting pulses in this interaction resulted in an acceptance bandwidth of 0.75 nm, limiting the measurable pulse duration to ~ 4.5 ps. In order to overcome this limitation, we proposed and demonstrated a novel FROG configuration based on cascaded second-harmonic and difference-frequency generations. Theoretical and numerical analyses of this configuration revealed its robustness against the temporal walk-off effect, resulting in improved temporal resolutions. This was experimentally verified by characterising a 2.1 ps pulse train with a coupled average power (energy) of 72 µW (29 fJ) in the PPLN waveguide device previously mentioned."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["text"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Frequency-resolved optical gating in periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide devices"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Broderick, Neil"],"dc:creator":["Prawiharjo, J."],"dc:date":["2005-09-01"],"dc:date.issued":["2005-09"],"dc:description.abstract":["Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) is a well-established and widely-employed technique for the intensity and phase characterisation of ultrashort optical pulses. Essentially, FROG involves mixing an ultrashort optical pulse with its time-delayed replica, or another pulse, in a nonlinear material or device to yield a two dimensional data set called a spectrogram, from which the electric field of the ultrashort pulse can be retrieved by an iterative algorithm. The most commonly used configuration is based on second-order nonlinear interactions in bulk materials, mainly because of its high efficiency compared to other schemes based on third-order nonlinear interactions. The research work in this thesis led to the first successful implementation of an integrated Lithium Niobate for the FROG device, based on sum-frequency generation. We demonstrated simultaneous complete characterisation of two ultrashort pulses of durations 4-25 ps in the 1.55 µm-band with a coupled energy of 430 fJ in a 26mm long PPLN waveguide device. The temporal walk-off between the interacting pulses in this interaction resulted in an acceptance bandwidth of 0.75 nm, limiting the measurable pulse duration to ~ 4.5 ps. In order to overcome this limitation, we proposed and demonstrated a novel FROG configuration based on cascaded second-harmonic and difference-frequency generations. Theoretical and numerical analyses of this configuration revealed its robustness against the temporal walk-off effect, resulting in improved temporal resolutions. This was experimentally verified by characterising a 2.1 ps pulse train with a coupled average power (energy) of 72 µW (29 fJ) in the PPLN waveguide device previously mentioned."],"dc:format":["text"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/30233/1/30233-01.pdf"],"dc:publisher.department":["Optoelectronics Research Centre (pre 2011 reorg)","Optoelectronics Research Centre"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Southampton"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/30233/"],"dc:title":["Frequency-resolved optical gating in periodically-poled lithium niobate waveguide devices"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["doctoral"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["Ph.D."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:35:42Z"}