Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various weighted warm-up devices on standard baseball bat velocity and trajectory in collegiate baseball players. Methods: Three, right-handed hitters (mean age= 19.3yrs ±1.5yrs; height= 1.74m±.13m; mass=81kg ±20.4kg; baseball experience=14.2 ±1.3) volunteered for this study. Maximal bat velocity was obtained by swinging the 30oz standard bat for the control condition. Participants were then instructed to perform a general and specific warm-up with each of the weighted bats (standard bat with 16oz donut ring (46oz total) and standard bat with 24oz power sleeve (54oz total)) on separate days. Following the warm-up procedures, participants were instructed to swing 3 times with the 30oz standard bat for maximal velocity while impacting the ball resting on the tee located belt-high and in the middle of home plate.Results: No significant differences were revealed by Shewart Chart method for baseball bat velocity or trajectory. Also, it was observed that all participants swung the bat at its lowest point in its trajectory for all conditions. Conclusion: Based upon no changes in the dependent variables in the population tested, Division II collegiate athletes can choose any of the warm-up devices investigated because no deleterious effects were observed.
","abstract_html":"<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various weighted warm-up devices on standard baseball bat velocity and trajectory in collegiate baseball players. <strong>Methods: </strong>Three, right-handed hitters (mean age= 19.3yrs ±1.5yrs; height= 1.74m±.13m; mass=81kg ±20.4kg; baseball experience=14.2 ±1.3) volunteered for this study. Maximal bat velocity was obtained by swinging the 30oz standard bat for the control condition. Participants were then instructed to perform a <em>general </em>and <em>specific </em>warm-up with each of the weighted bats (standard bat with 16oz donut ring (46oz total) and standard bat with 24oz power sleeve (54oz total)) on separate days. Following the warm-up procedures, participants were instructed to swing 3 times with the 30oz standard bat for maximal velocity while impacting the ball resting on the tee located belt-high and in the middle of home plate.<em></em><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were revealed by Shewart Chart method for baseball bat velocity or trajectory. Also, it was observed that all participants swung the bat at its lowest point in its trajectory for all conditions.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>Based upon no changes in the dependent variables in the population tested, Division II collegiate athletes can choose any of the warm-up devices investigated because no deleterious effects were observed.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cola, Jordan L."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"PhD Health Sciences","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Health and Medical Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Genevieve Pinto Zipp, Ed.D","Fortunato Battaglia, Ph.D","Gavin Moir, Ph.D."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-05-12T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-05-12T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:33:15Z","subjects":["evenly-distributed","bat velocity","bat trajectory","Exercise Science"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2140","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Genevieve Pinto Zipp, Ed.D","Fortunato Battaglia, Ph.D","Gavin Moir, Ph.D."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Cola, Jordan L."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-03-23T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Health and Medical Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["PhD Health Sciences"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["evenly-distributed","bat velocity","bat trajectory","Exercise Science"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2140"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various weighted warm-up devices on standard baseball bat velocity and trajectory in collegiate baseball players. Methods: Three, right-handed hitters (mean age= 19.3yrs ±1.5yrs; height= 1.74m±.13m; mass=81kg ±20.4kg; baseball experience=14.2 ±1.3) volunteered for this study. Maximal bat velocity was obtained by swinging the 30oz standard bat for the control condition. Participants were then instructed to perform a general and specific warm-up with each of the weighted bats (standard bat with 16oz donut ring (46oz total) and standard bat with 24oz power sleeve (54oz total)) on separate days. Following the warm-up procedures, participants were instructed to swing 3 times with the 30oz standard bat for maximal velocity while impacting the ball resting on the tee located belt-high and in the middle of home plate.Results: No significant differences were revealed by Shewart Chart method for baseball bat velocity or trajectory. Also, it was observed that all participants swung the bat at its lowest point in its trajectory for all conditions. Conclusion: Based upon no changes in the dependent variables in the population tested, Division II collegiate athletes can choose any of the warm-up devices investigated because no deleterious effects were observed.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effects Of Various Warm-Up Devices on Bat Velocity and Trajectory in Collegiate Baseball Players"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Genevieve Pinto Zipp, Ed.D","Fortunato Battaglia, Ph.D","Gavin Moir, Ph.D."],"dc:creator":["Cola, Jordan L."],"dc:date.available":["2016-03-23T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various weighted warm-up devices on standard baseball bat velocity and trajectory in collegiate baseball players. Methods: Three, right-handed hitters (mean age= 19.3yrs ±1.5yrs; height= 1.74m±.13m; mass=81kg ±20.4kg; baseball experience=14.2 ±1.3) volunteered for this study. Maximal bat velocity was obtained by swinging the 30oz standard bat for the control condition. Participants were then instructed to perform a general and specific warm-up with each of the weighted bats (standard bat with 16oz donut ring (46oz total) and standard bat with 24oz power sleeve (54oz total)) on separate days. Following the warm-up procedures, participants were instructed to swing 3 times with the 30oz standard bat for maximal velocity while impacting the ball resting on the tee located belt-high and in the middle of home plate.Results: No significant differences were revealed by Shewart Chart method for baseball bat velocity or trajectory. Also, it was observed that all participants swung the bat at its lowest point in its trajectory for all conditions. Conclusion: Based upon no changes in the dependent variables in the population tested, Division II collegiate athletes can choose any of the warm-up devices investigated because no deleterious effects were observed.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2140"],"dc:subject":["evenly-distributed","bat velocity","bat trajectory","Exercise Science"],"dc:title":["The Effects Of Various Warm-Up Devices on Bat Velocity and Trajectory in Collegiate Baseball Players"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Health and Medical Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["PhD Health Sciences"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:33:15Z"}