{"id":{"repo_id":"sherbrooke","oai_identifier":"oai:usherbrooke.scholaris.ca:11143/20236"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/sherbrooke/oai:usherbrooke.scholaris.ca:11143/20236","repository":{"repo_id":"sherbrooke","name":"Université de Sherbrooke","base_url":"https://usherbrooke.scholaris.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"La glycémie maternelle en grossesse et la leptine dans le sang de cordon : des déterminants de l’adiposité dans l’enfance","abstract":"Childhood overweight and obesity are serious public health issues that affect both the physical and mental health of children. In the province of Quebec, more than a quarter of children are overweight. Exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia complicated or not by gestational diabetes (GDM), maternal adiposity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are factors predisposing children to develop obesity beyond the traditional risk factors such as genetics. This is the fetal programming of childhood obesity, and a better understanding of its role would allow to identify the risk factors involved and treat them preventively before the fetus acquires developmental adaptations. 2nd trimester glucose levels and cord blood leptin levels – a hormone secreted by adipose tissue and related to fat mass – have been reported to be associated with childhood adiposity. As the programming of adiposity can be influenced by the trimester of exposure to hyperglycaemia, we measured glucose levels of pregnant women from the Gen3G cohort in the 1st and 2nd trimester after standardized glucose tests of 50g and 75g respectively. We showed that an increase in 1st trimester glycaemia is associated with an increase in children’s leptinemia at age 5, whereas 1h and 2h post-75g glycaemia in the 2nd trimester is positively associated with the total body fat percentage obtained by DXA (imaging technique) at 5 years of age. These associations are independent of pre-pregnancy maternal adiposity, GWG, and the child sex. Our second study showed that a decrease in cord blood leptinemia is associated with an increase in adiposity at age 3 in 387 children and this negative association is specific to the boys. These associations were not observed in 3-year-old girls or in 5-year-old children. Our results suggest a fetal programming of childhood adiposity and leptinemia that differs according to the trimester of exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia. Our results also suggest the presence in boys of a critical period of leptin sensitivity towards the end of pregnancy where a lower leptin concentration could disrupt the development of hypothalamic leptin-sensitive neurons, which are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and this would influence the adiposity of boys at the age of 3 years.","abstract_html":"Childhood overweight and obesity are serious public health issues that affect both the physical and mental health of children. In the province of Quebec, more than a quarter of children are overweight. Exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia complicated or not by gestational diabetes (GDM), maternal adiposity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are factors predisposing children to develop obesity beyond the traditional risk factors such as genetics. This is the fetal programming of childhood obesity, and a better understanding of its role would allow to identify the risk factors involved and treat them preventively before the fetus acquires developmental adaptations. 2nd trimester glucose levels and cord blood leptin levels – a hormone secreted by adipose tissue and related to fat mass – have been reported to be associated with childhood adiposity. As the programming of adiposity can be influenced by the trimester of exposure to hyperglycaemia, we measured glucose levels of pregnant women from the Gen3G cohort in the 1st and 2nd trimester after standardized glucose tests of 50g and 75g respectively. We showed that an increase in 1st trimester glycaemia is associated with an increase in children’s leptinemia at age 5, whereas 1h and 2h post-75g glycaemia in the 2nd trimester is positively associated with the total body fat percentage obtained by DXA (imaging technique) at 5 years of age. These associations are independent of pre-pregnancy maternal adiposity, GWG, and the child sex. Our second study showed that a decrease in cord blood leptinemia is associated with an increase in adiposity at age 3 in 387 children and this negative association is specific to the boys. These associations were not observed in 3-year-old girls or in 5-year-old children. Our results suggest a fetal programming of childhood adiposity and leptinemia that differs according to the trimester of exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia. Our results also suggest the presence in boys of a critical period of leptin sensitivity towards the end of pregnancy where a lower leptin concentration could disrupt the development of hypothalamic leptin-sensitive neurons, which are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and this would influence the adiposity of boys at the age of 3 years.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Blais, Kasandra"],"institution":"Université de Sherbrooke","degree_name":"M. Sc.","degree_level":"Maîtrise","degree_discipline":"Physiologie","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Perron, Patrice","Bouchard, Luigi"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023","date_published":"2023","updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:07:51Z","subjects":["Leptine","Adiposité infantile","DEXA","Glycémie en grossesse","Programmation fœtale","Leptin","Childhood adiposity","DXA","Glucose in pregnancy","Fetal programming"],"languages":["fr","en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11143/20236","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Perron, Patrice","Bouchard, Luigi"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Blais, Kasandra"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2023-03-31T13:08:54Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2023-03-31T13:08:54Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2023"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Université de Sherbrooke"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Mémoire de maîtrise"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Physiologie"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Maîtrise"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M. 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In the province of Quebec, more than a quarter of children are overweight. Exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia complicated or not by gestational diabetes (GDM), maternal adiposity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are factors predisposing children to develop obesity beyond the traditional risk factors such as genetics. This is the fetal programming of childhood obesity, and a better understanding of its role would allow to identify the risk factors involved and treat them preventively before the fetus acquires developmental adaptations. 2nd trimester glucose levels and cord blood leptin levels – a hormone secreted by adipose tissue and related to fat mass – have been reported to be associated with childhood adiposity. As the programming of adiposity can be influenced by the trimester of exposure to hyperglycaemia, we measured glucose levels of pregnant women from the Gen3G cohort in the 1st and 2nd trimester after standardized glucose tests of 50g and 75g respectively. We showed that an increase in 1st trimester glycaemia is associated with an increase in children’s leptinemia at age 5, whereas 1h and 2h post-75g glycaemia in the 2nd trimester is positively associated with the total body fat percentage obtained by DXA (imaging technique) at 5 years of age. These associations are independent of pre-pregnancy maternal adiposity, GWG, and the child sex. Our second study showed that a decrease in cord blood leptinemia is associated with an increase in adiposity at age 3 in 387 children and this negative association is specific to the boys. These associations were not observed in 3-year-old girls or in 5-year-old children. Our results suggest a fetal programming of childhood adiposity and leptinemia that differs according to the trimester of exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia. Our results also suggest the presence in boys of a critical period of leptin sensitivity towards the end of pregnancy where a lower leptin concentration could disrupt the development of hypothalamic leptin-sensitive neurons, which are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and this would influence the adiposity of boys at the age of 3 years.","Le surpoids et l’obésité infantile sont des problèmes de santé publique préoccupants qui affectent la santé physique et mentale des enfants. Au Québec, c’est plus du quart des enfants qui en souffrent. L’exposition à l’hyperglycémie maternelle compliquée ou non par le diabète gestationnel (DG), l’adiposité maternelle et le gain de poids en grossesse (GPG) excessif sont des facteurs prédisposant les enfants à développer de l’obésité au-delà des facteurs de risque traditionnels comme la génétique. Il s’agit de la programmation fœtale de l’obésité infantile et identifier les facteurs de risque en cause permettrait de les traiter préventivement avant que le fœtus n’acquière ces adaptations développementales. Il a été rapporté que la glycémie au 2e trimestre et les niveaux de leptine dans le sang de cordon – hormone sécrétée par le tissu adipeux et reliée à la masse grasse – sont associés à l’adiposité infantile. Comme la programmation de l’adiposité peut être influencée par le trimestre d’exposition à l’hyperglycémie, nous avons mesuré les glycémies des femmes enceintes de la cohorte Gen3G au 1er et 2e trimestre après des tests standardisés de glucose 50g et 75g respectivement. Nous avons montré qu’une augmentation de la glycémie au 1er trimestre est associée à une augmentation de la leptinémie chez l’enfant à 5 ans, alors que les glycémies 1h et 2h post-75g au 2e trimestre sont positivement associées au pourcentage de masse grasse totale obtenu par le DEXA (technique d’imagerie) à 5 ans. Ces associations sont indépendantes de l’adiposité maternelle pré-grossesse, du GPG et du sexe de l’enfant. Notre deuxième étude a montré qu’une diminution de la leptinémie dans le sang de cordon est associée à une augmentation de l’adiposité à 3 ans chez 387 enfants et cette association négative est spécifique aux garçons. Ces associations n’ont pas été observées chez les filles à 3 ans ni chez les enfants âgés de 5 ans. Nos résultats suggèrent une programmation fœtale de l’adiposité et de la leptinémie infantile qui diffère selon le trimestre d’exposition à l’hyperglycémie maternelle. Ils suggèrent aussi la présence chez les garçons d’une période critique périnatale (sang de cordon) de sensibilité à la leptine où une concentration plus faible perturberait le développement des neurones hypothalamiques sensibles à la leptine et qui sont impliqués dans la régulation de l’homéostasie énergétique, ce qui influencerait l’adiposité des garçons à l’âge de 3 ans."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["La glycémie maternelle en grossesse et la leptine dans le sang de cordon : des déterminants de l’adiposité dans l’enfance"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Perron, Patrice","Bouchard, Luigi"],"dc:creator":["Blais, Kasandra"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2023-03-31T13:08:54Z"],"dc:date.available":["2023-03-31T13:08:54Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2023"],"dc:description.abstract":["Childhood overweight and obesity are serious public health issues that affect both the physical and mental health of children. In the province of Quebec, more than a quarter of children are overweight. Exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia complicated or not by gestational diabetes (GDM), maternal adiposity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are factors predisposing children to develop obesity beyond the traditional risk factors such as genetics. This is the fetal programming of childhood obesity, and a better understanding of its role would allow to identify the risk factors involved and treat them preventively before the fetus acquires developmental adaptations. 2nd trimester glucose levels and cord blood leptin levels – a hormone secreted by adipose tissue and related to fat mass – have been reported to be associated with childhood adiposity. As the programming of adiposity can be influenced by the trimester of exposure to hyperglycaemia, we measured glucose levels of pregnant women from the Gen3G cohort in the 1st and 2nd trimester after standardized glucose tests of 50g and 75g respectively. We showed that an increase in 1st trimester glycaemia is associated with an increase in children’s leptinemia at age 5, whereas 1h and 2h post-75g glycaemia in the 2nd trimester is positively associated with the total body fat percentage obtained by DXA (imaging technique) at 5 years of age. These associations are independent of pre-pregnancy maternal adiposity, GWG, and the child sex. Our second study showed that a decrease in cord blood leptinemia is associated with an increase in adiposity at age 3 in 387 children and this negative association is specific to the boys. These associations were not observed in 3-year-old girls or in 5-year-old children. Our results suggest a fetal programming of childhood adiposity and leptinemia that differs according to the trimester of exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia. Our results also suggest the presence in boys of a critical period of leptin sensitivity towards the end of pregnancy where a lower leptin concentration could disrupt the development of hypothalamic leptin-sensitive neurons, which are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and this would influence the adiposity of boys at the age of 3 years.","Le surpoids et l’obésité infantile sont des problèmes de santé publique préoccupants qui affectent la santé physique et mentale des enfants. Au Québec, c’est plus du quart des enfants qui en souffrent. L’exposition à l’hyperglycémie maternelle compliquée ou non par le diabète gestationnel (DG), l’adiposité maternelle et le gain de poids en grossesse (GPG) excessif sont des facteurs prédisposant les enfants à développer de l’obésité au-delà des facteurs de risque traditionnels comme la génétique. Il s’agit de la programmation fœtale de l’obésité infantile et identifier les facteurs de risque en cause permettrait de les traiter préventivement avant que le fœtus n’acquière ces adaptations développementales. Il a été rapporté que la glycémie au 2e trimestre et les niveaux de leptine dans le sang de cordon – hormone sécrétée par le tissu adipeux et reliée à la masse grasse – sont associés à l’adiposité infantile. Comme la programmation de l’adiposité peut être influencée par le trimestre d’exposition à l’hyperglycémie, nous avons mesuré les glycémies des femmes enceintes de la cohorte Gen3G au 1er et 2e trimestre après des tests standardisés de glucose 50g et 75g respectivement. Nous avons montré qu’une augmentation de la glycémie au 1er trimestre est associée à une augmentation de la leptinémie chez l’enfant à 5 ans, alors que les glycémies 1h et 2h post-75g au 2e trimestre sont positivement associées au pourcentage de masse grasse totale obtenu par le DEXA (technique d’imagerie) à 5 ans. Ces associations sont indépendantes de l’adiposité maternelle pré-grossesse, du GPG et du sexe de l’enfant. Notre deuxième étude a montré qu’une diminution de la leptinémie dans le sang de cordon est associée à une augmentation de l’adiposité à 3 ans chez 387 enfants et cette association négative est spécifique aux garçons. Ces associations n’ont pas été observées chez les filles à 3 ans ni chez les enfants âgés de 5 ans. Nos résultats suggèrent une programmation fœtale de l’adiposité et de la leptinémie infantile qui diffère selon le trimestre d’exposition à l’hyperglycémie maternelle. Ils suggèrent aussi la présence chez les garçons d’une période critique périnatale (sang de cordon) de sensibilité à la leptine où une concentration plus faible perturberait le développement des neurones hypothalamiques sensibles à la leptine et qui sont impliqués dans la régulation de l’homéostasie énergétique, ce qui influencerait l’adiposité des garçons à l’âge de 3 ans."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/11143/20236"],"dc:language.iso":["fr","en"],"dc:publisher":["Université de Sherbrooke"],"dc:subject":["Leptine","Adiposité infantile","DEXA","Glycémie en grossesse","Programmation fœtale","Leptin","Childhood adiposity","DXA","Glucose in pregnancy","Fetal programming"],"dc:title":["La glycémie maternelle en grossesse et la leptine dans le sang de cordon : des déterminants de l’adiposité dans l’enfance"],"dc:type":["Mémoire de maîtrise"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Physiologie"],"thesis:degree_level":["Maîtrise"],"thesis:degree_name":["M. Sc."],"thesis:institution_name":["Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T21:07:51Z"}