Cone in cone concretions found in the Stanley Group of Southeastern Oklahoma have a variety of external and internal attributes which allow diagenetic and theoretical models of formation to be hypothesized. Stanley Group carbonate cone in cone concretions are initially formed in sulfur reducing horizons at shallow burial depths in a poorly circulated possibly deep trough containing siliceous sediments and organic matter. Collected concretions near the town of Smithville, Oklahoma displayed four different external morphologies and four variations of mineral constituents. All concretions contained microscopic cones which initiated diffusion and/or fluid patterns and is an early cementation process that directly altered the sediment compared to the surrounding deposits. The patterns initiated ultimately controlled and recorded diagenic alterations to mineral content and structure of the concretions. Concretion mineralogy consisted of microgranular calcite, twinned lamellae calcite and siliceous precipitates which dissolved carbonates from the inside out.
","abstract_html":"<p>Cone in cone concretions found in the Stanley Group of Southeastern Oklahoma have a variety of external and internal attributes which allow diagenetic and theoretical models of formation to be hypothesized. Stanley Group carbonate cone in cone concretions are initially formed in sulfur reducing horizons at shallow burial depths in a poorly circulated possibly deep trough containing siliceous sediments and organic matter. Collected concretions near the town of Smithville, Oklahoma displayed four different external morphologies and four variations of mineral constituents. All concretions contained microscopic cones which initiated diffusion and/or fluid patterns and is an early cementation process that directly altered the sediment compared to the surrounding deposits. The patterns initiated ultimately controlled and recorded diagenic alterations to mineral content and structure of the concretions. Concretion mineralogy consisted of microgranular calcite, twinned lamellae calcite and siliceous precipitates which dissolved carbonates from the inside out. </p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ayres, Kyle B"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science - Geology","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Geology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["LaRell Nielson","Wesley Brown","Kenneth Farrish"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-05-16T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-05-16T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:30:03Z","subjects":["Concretion","Cone in Cone","Stanley Shale","Stanley Group","Carbonate Concretion","Cone Structure","Biogeochemistry","Earth Sciences","Geochemistry","Geology","Hydrology","Paleobiology","Soil Science","Stratigraphy"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/39","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["LaRell Nielson","Wesley Brown","Kenneth Farrish"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ayres, Kyle B"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-05-09T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Geology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science - Geology"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Concretion","Cone in Cone","Stanley Shale","Stanley Group","Carbonate Concretion","Cone Structure","Biogeochemistry","Earth Sciences","Geochemistry","Geology","Hydrology","Paleobiology","Soil Science","Stratigraphy"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/39"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Cone in cone concretions found in the Stanley Group of Southeastern Oklahoma have a variety of external and internal attributes which allow diagenetic and theoretical models of formation to be hypothesized. Stanley Group carbonate cone in cone concretions are initially formed in sulfur reducing horizons at shallow burial depths in a poorly circulated possibly deep trough containing siliceous sediments and organic matter. Collected concretions near the town of Smithville, Oklahoma displayed four different external morphologies and four variations of mineral constituents. All concretions contained microscopic cones which initiated diffusion and/or fluid patterns and is an early cementation process that directly altered the sediment compared to the surrounding deposits. The patterns initiated ultimately controlled and recorded diagenic alterations to mineral content and structure of the concretions. Concretion mineralogy consisted of microgranular calcite, twinned lamellae calcite and siliceous precipitates which dissolved carbonates from the inside out.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Cone in Cone Concretions of the Stanley Group in southeastern Oklahoma"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["LaRell Nielson","Wesley Brown","Kenneth Farrish"],"dc:creator":["Ayres, Kyle B"],"dc:date.available":["2016-05-09T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Cone in cone concretions found in the Stanley Group of Southeastern Oklahoma have a variety of external and internal attributes which allow diagenetic and theoretical models of formation to be hypothesized. Stanley Group carbonate cone in cone concretions are initially formed in sulfur reducing horizons at shallow burial depths in a poorly circulated possibly deep trough containing siliceous sediments and organic matter. Collected concretions near the town of Smithville, Oklahoma displayed four different external morphologies and four variations of mineral constituents. All concretions contained microscopic cones which initiated diffusion and/or fluid patterns and is an early cementation process that directly altered the sediment compared to the surrounding deposits. The patterns initiated ultimately controlled and recorded diagenic alterations to mineral content and structure of the concretions. Concretion mineralogy consisted of microgranular calcite, twinned lamellae calcite and siliceous precipitates which dissolved carbonates from the inside out.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/39"],"dc:subject":["Concretion","Cone in Cone","Stanley Shale","Stanley Group","Carbonate Concretion","Cone Structure","Biogeochemistry","Earth Sciences","Geochemistry","Geology","Hydrology","Paleobiology","Soil Science","Stratigraphy"],"dc:title":["Cone in Cone Concretions of the Stanley Group in southeastern Oklahoma"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Geology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science - Geology"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:30:03Z"}