Batteries have been ubiquitously utilized in enormous applications such as portable electronics, satellites, computers, medical instruments, and electric cars. The development of battery technology has been through a long journey since the 17th century, paving its way to commercialization of lithium ion batteries in 1991 by Sony. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries represent the most favorable type of batteries for portable applications due to their high energy density compared to other alkali metals. In 1997, lithium polymer batteries with solid polymer/composite electrolyte were introduced where the safety drawbacks of the liquid electrolyte were eliminated but the ionic conductivity of the batteries was lower than that of a liquid. In this work, composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE) films, consisting of poly (vinylidene fluoridehexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) as the membrane, dimethylformamide (DMF) and propylene carbonate (PC) as solvents and plasticizing agent, mixture of charge modified TiO2 and SiO2 nano particles as ionic conductors, and LiClO4+LiPF6 as lithium salts were fabricated. CGPE was coated on an O2-plasma treated trilayer polypropylenepolyethylene- polypropylene (PP) membrane separator using solution casting technique. In acidic CGPE, the mixture of acid treated TiO2 and neutral SiO2 nano particles played the role of the charge modified nano fillers with enhanced hydroxyl groups. The mixture of neutral TiO2 nano particles with basic SiO2 prepared through the hydrolization of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) provided a more basic environment due to the residues of NH4OH (Ammonium hydroxide) catalyst. The CGPE exhibited submicron pore size while the ionic conductivities were in order of 10-3 - 10-5 S.cm-1 with and without modified nano-fillers respectively. Half-cells with graphite anode and Li metal as reference electrode were then assembled and the electrochemical measurements and morphology examinations were successfully carried out. Half-cells demonstrated a considerable change in their electrochemical performance upon the enhancement of acidic properties of the CGPE, gaining the reversible specific capacity of 372 mAh.g-1 in acidic CGPE vs. 270 mAh.g-1 in basic CGPE @ C/20 after 40 cycles.
","abstract_html":"<p>Batteries have been ubiquitously utilized in enormous applications such as portable electronics, satellites, computers, medical instruments, and electric cars. The development of battery technology has been through a long journey since the 17th century, paving its way to commercialization of lithium ion batteries in 1991 by Sony. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries represent the most favorable type of batteries for portable applications due to their high energy density compared to other alkali metals. In 1997, lithium polymer batteries with solid polymer/composite electrolyte were introduced where the safety drawbacks of the liquid electrolyte were eliminated but the ionic conductivity of the batteries was lower than that of a liquid. In this work, composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE) films, consisting of poly (vinylidene fluoridehexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) as the membrane, dimethylformamide (DMF) and propylene carbonate (PC) as solvents and plasticizing agent, mixture of charge modified TiO2 and SiO2 nano particles as ionic conductors, and LiClO<sub>4</sub>+LiPF<sub>6</sub> as lithium salts were fabricated. CGPE was coated on an O2-plasma treated trilayer polypropylenepolyethylene- polypropylene (PP) membrane separator using solution casting technique. In acidic CGPE, the mixture of acid treated TiO<sub>2</sub> and neutral SiO<sub>2</sub> nano particles played the role of the charge modified nano fillers with enhanced hydroxyl groups. The mixture of neutral TiO<sub>2</sub> nano particles with basic SiO<sub>2</sub> prepared through the hydrolization of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) provided a more basic environment due to the residues of NH<sub>4</sub>OH (Ammonium hydroxide) catalyst. The CGPE exhibited submicron pore size while the ionic conductivities were in order of 10<sup>-3</sup> - 10<sup>-5</sup> S.cm<sup>-1</sup> with and without modified nano-fillers respectively. Half-cells with graphite anode and Li metal as reference electrode were then assembled and the electrochemical measurements and morphology examinations were successfully carried out. Half-cells demonstrated a considerable change in their electrochemical performance upon the enhancement of acidic properties of the CGPE, gaining the reversible specific capacity of 372 mAh.g<sup>-1</sup> in acidic CGPE vs. 270 mAh.g<sup>-1</sup> in basic CGPE @ C/20 after 40 cycles.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Naderi, Roya"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis - Open Access","degree_discipline":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Qiquan Qiao"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:28:36Z","subjects":["acidic","basic","charge modified nano fillers","composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE)","electrochemical","ionic conductivity","Electrical and Computer Engineering","Materials Science and Engineering","Power and Energy"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1061","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Qiquan Qiao"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Naderi, Roya"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-08-22T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis - Open Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["acidic","basic","charge modified nano fillers","composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE)","electrochemical","ionic conductivity","Electrical and Computer Engineering","Materials Science and Engineering","Power and Energy"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1061"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Batteries have been ubiquitously utilized in enormous applications such as portable electronics, satellites, computers, medical instruments, and electric cars. The development of battery technology has been through a long journey since the 17th century, paving its way to commercialization of lithium ion batteries in 1991 by Sony. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries represent the most favorable type of batteries for portable applications due to their high energy density compared to other alkali metals. In 1997, lithium polymer batteries with solid polymer/composite electrolyte were introduced where the safety drawbacks of the liquid electrolyte were eliminated but the ionic conductivity of the batteries was lower than that of a liquid. In this work, composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE) films, consisting of poly (vinylidene fluoridehexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) as the membrane, dimethylformamide (DMF) and propylene carbonate (PC) as solvents and plasticizing agent, mixture of charge modified TiO2 and SiO2 nano particles as ionic conductors, and LiClO4+LiPF6 as lithium salts were fabricated. CGPE was coated on an O2-plasma treated trilayer polypropylenepolyethylene- polypropylene (PP) membrane separator using solution casting technique. In acidic CGPE, the mixture of acid treated TiO2 and neutral SiO2 nano particles played the role of the charge modified nano fillers with enhanced hydroxyl groups. The mixture of neutral TiO2 nano particles with basic SiO2 prepared through the hydrolization of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) provided a more basic environment due to the residues of NH4OH (Ammonium hydroxide) catalyst. The CGPE exhibited submicron pore size while the ionic conductivities were in order of 10-3 - 10-5 S.cm-1 with and without modified nano-fillers respectively. Half-cells with graphite anode and Li metal as reference electrode were then assembled and the electrochemical measurements and morphology examinations were successfully carried out. Half-cells demonstrated a considerable change in their electrochemical performance upon the enhancement of acidic properties of the CGPE, gaining the reversible specific capacity of 372 mAh.g-1 in acidic CGPE vs. 270 mAh.g-1 in basic CGPE @ C/20 after 40 cycles.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Qiquan Qiao"],"dc:creator":["Naderi, Roya"],"dc:date.available":["2016-08-22T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Batteries have been ubiquitously utilized in enormous applications such as portable electronics, satellites, computers, medical instruments, and electric cars. The development of battery technology has been through a long journey since the 17th century, paving its way to commercialization of lithium ion batteries in 1991 by Sony. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries represent the most favorable type of batteries for portable applications due to their high energy density compared to other alkali metals. In 1997, lithium polymer batteries with solid polymer/composite electrolyte were introduced where the safety drawbacks of the liquid electrolyte were eliminated but the ionic conductivity of the batteries was lower than that of a liquid. In this work, composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE) films, consisting of poly (vinylidene fluoridehexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) as the membrane, dimethylformamide (DMF) and propylene carbonate (PC) as solvents and plasticizing agent, mixture of charge modified TiO2 and SiO2 nano particles as ionic conductors, and LiClO4+LiPF6 as lithium salts were fabricated. CGPE was coated on an O2-plasma treated trilayer polypropylenepolyethylene- polypropylene (PP) membrane separator using solution casting technique. In acidic CGPE, the mixture of acid treated TiO2 and neutral SiO2 nano particles played the role of the charge modified nano fillers with enhanced hydroxyl groups. The mixture of neutral TiO2 nano particles with basic SiO2 prepared through the hydrolization of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) provided a more basic environment due to the residues of NH4OH (Ammonium hydroxide) catalyst. The CGPE exhibited submicron pore size while the ionic conductivities were in order of 10-3 - 10-5 S.cm-1 with and without modified nano-fillers respectively. Half-cells with graphite anode and Li metal as reference electrode were then assembled and the electrochemical measurements and morphology examinations were successfully carried out. Half-cells demonstrated a considerable change in their electrochemical performance upon the enhancement of acidic properties of the CGPE, gaining the reversible specific capacity of 372 mAh.g-1 in acidic CGPE vs. 270 mAh.g-1 in basic CGPE @ C/20 after 40 cycles.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1061"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["acidic","basic","charge modified nano fillers","composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE)","electrochemical","ionic conductivity","Electrical and Computer Engineering","Materials Science and Engineering","Power and Energy"],"dc:title":["Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis - Open Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:28:36Z"}