{"id":{"repo_id":"sdstate","oai_identifier":"oai:openprairie.sdstate.edu:etd-1347"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/sdstate/oai:openprairie.sdstate.edu:etd-1347","repository":{"repo_id":"sdstate","name":"South Dakota State University","base_url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Production and Flow Cytometric Identification of Triploid Walleyes","abstract":"Triploid induction experiments were conducted on fertilized walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) eggs in 1987 and 1988. Different methods and different heat-shock treatment regimes were used between years; either the water temperature, initiation time, or the duration of the heat shock were varied. In 1987, three replicates of four treatments were conducted: 3SoC-10 min after fertilization (MAF)-1. 0 min, 3SoC-10 MAF-2.0 min, 400C-10 MAF-1.5 min, and 120C-10 MAF-1.5 min (control treatment). The heat-shock treatments of 3SoC-10 MAF-2.0min and 400C-10 MAF-1.5 min were lethal to walleye eggs acclimated to 120C. Total percent hatch for the treatments of 380C-lo MAF-1. O min and 12oC-10 MAF-1.5 min was estimated to be 37.7% and 36.9%, respectively. Walleye fry from these two treatments were stocked into 0.1 hectare hatchery rearing ponds in an attempt to rear them to the fingerling size. No walleyes survived to a size that would allow blood sampling, therefore no triploid assessment was made. In 1988, six heat-shock treatments and three control treatments were conducted The water temperature of the heat shocks was 29oC or 31 CC, the initiation times were either 1, 3, or 5 MAF, and all heat shocks 1mted for 25 min. Control treatmen1s had the same initiation time and duration regimes, but the water temperature was I <PC. Of the three replicates of the nine treatments that were conducted, two were not used in data calculations because fungal growth induced I 00% mortality in all but one treatment. Triploidy was produced by four of the six heat-shock treatments: 29oC-l MAF-25 min (20%), 3IoC-l MAF-25 min (100%), 3loC-3 MAF-25 min (92%), and 3loC-5 MAF-25min (75%). Diploid/tetraploidmosaicism was observed at a rate of 5% with a heat shock of 3 loC-5 MAF-25 min. Survival to the eyed stage of development and triploid yield of eyed eggs were highest with the heat-shock treatment of 31 oC-3 MAF-25 min. Diploid, triploid, and diploid/tetraploid mosaic walleye fry were stocked into a 0.05 hectare pond Growth and survival were monitored for a 90 d period. There was no difference in the mean total lengths of diploid (6.9 mm, n=98) and triploid (7.0 mm, n=50) walleyes at 1-2 d post-hatch. No diploid/tetraploid mosaics were recovered after 90 d, but diploid and triploid walleyes were removed from the pond. A single triploid walleye survived; its total length (79.0 mm) and wet weight (3. 7 g) were less than the surviving diploid walleye mean total lengths (101.6 mm, n=31) and mean wet weights (10.1 g, n= 31 ). Flow cytometric methods for identifying polyploid fishes were established and refined. Methods for processing fresh blood cells, blood cells fixed in 70% ethanol, and dissociated whole body tissues from larvae (fresh or fixed in 70% ethanol) were evaluated In addition, a two-step acridine orange staining protocol was successfully modified to provide an alternative method for use in fluorescent staining fish cell suspensions for flow cytometry.","abstract_html":"Triploid induction experiments were conducted on fertilized walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) eggs in 1987 and 1988. Different methods and different heat-shock treatment regimes were used between years; either the water temperature, initiation time, or the duration of the heat shock were varied. In 1987, three replicates of four treatments were conducted: 3SoC-10 min after fertilization (MAF)-1. 0 min, 3SoC-10 MAF-2.0 min, 400C-10 MAF-1.5 min, and 120C-10 MAF-1.5 min (control treatment). The heat-shock treatments of 3SoC-10 MAF-2.0min and 400C-10 MAF-1.5 min were lethal to walleye eggs acclimated to 120C. Total percent hatch for the treatments of 380C-lo MAF-1. O min and 12oC-10 MAF-1.5 min was estimated to be 37.7% and 36.9%, respectively. Walleye fry from these two treatments were stocked into 0.1 hectare hatchery rearing ponds in an attempt to rear them to the fingerling size. No walleyes survived to a size that would allow blood sampling, therefore no triploid assessment was made. In 1988, six heat-shock treatments and three control treatments were conducted The water temperature of the heat shocks was 29oC or 31 CC, the initiation times were either 1, 3, or 5 MAF, and all heat shocks 1mted for 25 min. Control treatmen1s had the same initiation time and duration regimes, but the water temperature was I &lt;PC. Of the three replicates of the nine treatments that were conducted, two were not used in data calculations because fungal growth induced I 00% mortality in all but one treatment. Triploidy was produced by four of the six heat-shock treatments: 29oC-l MAF-25 min (20%), 3IoC-l MAF-25 min (100%), 3loC-3 MAF-25 min (92%), and 3loC-5 MAF-25min (75%). Diploid/tetraploidmosaicism was observed at a rate of 5% with a heat shock of 3 loC-5 MAF-25 min. Survival to the eyed stage of development and triploid yield of eyed eggs were highest with the heat-shock treatment of 31 oC-3 MAF-25 min. Diploid, triploid, and diploid/tetraploid mosaic walleye fry were stocked into a 0.05 hectare pond Growth and survival were monitored for a 90 d period. There was no difference in the mean total lengths of diploid (6.9 mm, n=98) and triploid (7.0 mm, n=50) walleyes at 1-2 d post-hatch. No diploid/tetraploid mosaics were recovered after 90 d, but diploid and triploid walleyes were removed from the pond. A single triploid walleye survived; its total length (79.0 mm) and wet weight (3. 7 g) were less than the surviving diploid walleye mean total lengths (101.6 mm, n=31) and mean wet weights (10.1 g, n= 31 ). Flow cytometric methods for identifying polyploid fishes were established and refined. Methods for processing fresh blood cells, blood cells fixed in 70% ethanol, and dissociated whole body tissues from larvae (fresh or fixed in 70% ethanol) were evaluated In addition, a two-step acridine orange staining protocol was successfully modified to provide an alternative method for use in fluorescent staining fish cell suspensions for flow cytometry.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ewing, Rebecca R."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis - University Access Only","degree_discipline":"Wildlife and Fisheries Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Charles G. Scalet"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1989,"date_issued":"1989-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"1989-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:51Z","subjects":["walleyes","growth","eggs","population","south dakota","habitat","Natural Resources and Conservation"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright © 1989 Rebecca Ewing"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/347","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Charles G. Scalet"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ewing, Rebecca R."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Wildlife and Fisheries Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis - University Access Only"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["walleyes","growth","eggs","population","south dakota","habitat","Natural Resources and Conservation"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright © 1989 Rebecca Ewing"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/347"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Triploid induction experiments were conducted on fertilized walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) eggs in 1987 and 1988. Different methods and different heat-shock treatment regimes were used between years; either the water temperature, initiation time, or the duration of the heat shock were varied. In 1987, three replicates of four treatments were conducted: 3SoC-10 min after fertilization (MAF)-1. 0 min, 3SoC-10 MAF-2.0 min, 400C-10 MAF-1.5 min, and 120C-10 MAF-1.5 min (control treatment). The heat-shock treatments of 3SoC-10 MAF-2.0min and 400C-10 MAF-1.5 min were lethal to walleye eggs acclimated to 120C. Total percent hatch for the treatments of 380C-lo MAF-1. O min and 12oC-10 MAF-1.5 min was estimated to be 37.7% and 36.9%, respectively. Walleye fry from these two treatments were stocked into 0.1 hectare hatchery rearing ponds in an attempt to rear them to the fingerling size. No walleyes survived to a size that would allow blood sampling, therefore no triploid assessment was made. In 1988, six heat-shock treatments and three control treatments were conducted The water temperature of the heat shocks was 29oC or 31 CC, the initiation times were either 1, 3, or 5 MAF, and all heat shocks 1mted for 25 min. Control treatmen1s had the same initiation time and duration regimes, but the water temperature was I <PC. Of the three replicates of the nine treatments that were conducted, two were not used in data calculations because fungal growth induced I 00% mortality in all but one treatment. Triploidy was produced by four of the six heat-shock treatments: 29oC-l MAF-25 min (20%), 3IoC-l MAF-25 min (100%), 3loC-3 MAF-25 min (92%), and 3loC-5 MAF-25min (75%). Diploid/tetraploidmosaicism was observed at a rate of 5% with a heat shock of 3 loC-5 MAF-25 min. Survival to the eyed stage of development and triploid yield of eyed eggs were highest with the heat-shock treatment of 31 oC-3 MAF-25 min. Diploid, triploid, and diploid/tetraploid mosaic walleye fry were stocked into a 0.05 hectare pond Growth and survival were monitored for a 90 d period. There was no difference in the mean total lengths of diploid (6.9 mm, n=98) and triploid (7.0 mm, n=50) walleyes at 1-2 d post-hatch. No diploid/tetraploid mosaics were recovered after 90 d, but diploid and triploid walleyes were removed from the pond. A single triploid walleye survived; its total length (79.0 mm) and wet weight (3. 7 g) were less than the surviving diploid walleye mean total lengths (101.6 mm, n=31) and mean wet weights (10.1 g, n= 31 ). Flow cytometric methods for identifying polyploid fishes were established and refined. Methods for processing fresh blood cells, blood cells fixed in 70% ethanol, and dissociated whole body tissues from larvae (fresh or fixed in 70% ethanol) were evaluated In addition, a two-step acridine orange staining protocol was successfully modified to provide an alternative method for use in fluorescent staining fish cell suspensions for flow cytometry."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Production and Flow Cytometric Identification of Triploid Walleyes"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Charles G. Scalet"],"dc:creator":["Ewing, Rebecca R."],"dc:description.abstract":["Triploid induction experiments were conducted on fertilized walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) eggs in 1987 and 1988. Different methods and different heat-shock treatment regimes were used between years; either the water temperature, initiation time, or the duration of the heat shock were varied. In 1987, three replicates of four treatments were conducted: 3SoC-10 min after fertilization (MAF)-1. 0 min, 3SoC-10 MAF-2.0 min, 400C-10 MAF-1.5 min, and 120C-10 MAF-1.5 min (control treatment). The heat-shock treatments of 3SoC-10 MAF-2.0min and 400C-10 MAF-1.5 min were lethal to walleye eggs acclimated to 120C. Total percent hatch for the treatments of 380C-lo MAF-1. O min and 12oC-10 MAF-1.5 min was estimated to be 37.7% and 36.9%, respectively. Walleye fry from these two treatments were stocked into 0.1 hectare hatchery rearing ponds in an attempt to rear them to the fingerling size. No walleyes survived to a size that would allow blood sampling, therefore no triploid assessment was made. In 1988, six heat-shock treatments and three control treatments were conducted The water temperature of the heat shocks was 29oC or 31 CC, the initiation times were either 1, 3, or 5 MAF, and all heat shocks 1mted for 25 min. Control treatmen1s had the same initiation time and duration regimes, but the water temperature was I <PC. Of the three replicates of the nine treatments that were conducted, two were not used in data calculations because fungal growth induced I 00% mortality in all but one treatment. Triploidy was produced by four of the six heat-shock treatments: 29oC-l MAF-25 min (20%), 3IoC-l MAF-25 min (100%), 3loC-3 MAF-25 min (92%), and 3loC-5 MAF-25min (75%). Diploid/tetraploidmosaicism was observed at a rate of 5% with a heat shock of 3 loC-5 MAF-25 min. Survival to the eyed stage of development and triploid yield of eyed eggs were highest with the heat-shock treatment of 31 oC-3 MAF-25 min. Diploid, triploid, and diploid/tetraploid mosaic walleye fry were stocked into a 0.05 hectare pond Growth and survival were monitored for a 90 d period. There was no difference in the mean total lengths of diploid (6.9 mm, n=98) and triploid (7.0 mm, n=50) walleyes at 1-2 d post-hatch. No diploid/tetraploid mosaics were recovered after 90 d, but diploid and triploid walleyes were removed from the pond. A single triploid walleye survived; its total length (79.0 mm) and wet weight (3. 7 g) were less than the surviving diploid walleye mean total lengths (101.6 mm, n=31) and mean wet weights (10.1 g, n= 31 ). Flow cytometric methods for identifying polyploid fishes were established and refined. Methods for processing fresh blood cells, blood cells fixed in 70% ethanol, and dissociated whole body tissues from larvae (fresh or fixed in 70% ethanol) were evaluated In addition, a two-step acridine orange staining protocol was successfully modified to provide an alternative method for use in fluorescent staining fish cell suspensions for flow cytometry."],"dc:identifier":["https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/347"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright © 1989 Rebecca Ewing"],"dc:subject":["walleyes","growth","eggs","population","south dakota","habitat","Natural Resources and Conservation"],"dc:title":["Production and Flow Cytometric Identification of Triploid Walleyes"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Wildlife and Fisheries Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis - University Access Only"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:51Z"}