{"id":{"repo_id":"sdstate","oai_identifier":"oai:openprairie.sdstate.edu:etd-1316"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/sdstate/oai:openprairie.sdstate.edu:etd-1316","repository":{"repo_id":"sdstate","name":"South Dakota State University","base_url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"An Evaluation of Waterfowl Production Surveys in Eastern South Dakota, 1995","abstract":"Considerable attention has been given to the quality of aerial surveys of spring breeding duck populations and water conditions in the prairie pothole region. In contrast, little research time has been done in relation to validating the quality of the July aerial brood surveys which do not have a ground-truth compliment similar to the spring breeding population survey. Four ground survey periods along 9 Air-Ground Comparison segments were used to evaluate the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) Aerial Waterfowl Production and Habitat Survey (production survey) in eastern South Dakota. Survey 1 was conducted before and Survey 2 was conducted during the production survey, while Surveys 3 and 4 were conducted after the production survey. During this study, broods and Late Nesting Index (LNI) adults were counted from the ground and air. The LNI is composed of lone drakes in breeding plumage and duck pairs and is used to predict the relative number of broods that hatch after the production survey is concluded. We counted the greatest number of broods during ground survey 3 which was I month after the USFWS production survey. Survey 3 brood counts showed the best relationship to the total number of broods produced on the comparison segments. Based on our ground counts, the most broods along the study segments would have theoretically been present during late July through early August. July pond count data showed a better relationship to the number of broods that hatched after the production survey than did data from the Aerial-LNI or Ground-LNI. Our findings along with data from earlier studies indicate that enough discrepancy exists between the timing of current aerial brood surveys and the peak in brood occurrence to merit consideration of further evaluation of the USFWS brood survey protocols.","abstract_html":"Considerable attention has been given to the quality of aerial surveys of spring breeding duck populations and water conditions in the prairie pothole region. In contrast, little research time has been done in relation to validating the quality of the July aerial brood surveys which do not have a ground-truth compliment similar to the spring breeding population survey. Four ground survey periods along 9 Air-Ground Comparison segments were used to evaluate the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) Aerial Waterfowl Production and Habitat Survey (production survey) in eastern South Dakota. Survey 1 was conducted before and Survey 2 was conducted during the production survey, while Surveys 3 and 4 were conducted after the production survey. During this study, broods and Late Nesting Index (LNI) adults were counted from the ground and air. The LNI is composed of lone drakes in breeding plumage and duck pairs and is used to predict the relative number of broods that hatch after the production survey is concluded. We counted the greatest number of broods during ground survey 3 which was I month after the USFWS production survey. Survey 3 brood counts showed the best relationship to the total number of broods produced on the comparison segments. Based on our ground counts, the most broods along the study segments would have theoretically been present during late July through early August. July pond count data showed a better relationship to the number of broods that hatched after the production survey than did data from the Aerial-LNI or Ground-LNI. Our findings along with data from earlier studies indicate that enough discrepancy exists between the timing of current aerial brood surveys and the peak in brood occurrence to merit consideration of further evaluation of the USFWS brood survey protocols.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cooper, Thomas R."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis - University Access Only","degree_discipline":"Wildlife and Fisheries Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kenneth F. Higgens"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1996,"date_issued":"1996-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"1996-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:51Z","subjects":["Natural Resources and Conservation"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright © 1996. Thomas R. Cooper. All rights reserved."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/316","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kenneth F. 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Survey 1 was conducted before and Survey 2 was conducted during the production survey, while Surveys 3 and 4 were conducted after the production survey. During this study, broods and Late Nesting Index (LNI) adults were counted from the ground and air. The LNI is composed of lone drakes in breeding plumage and duck pairs and is used to predict the relative number of broods that hatch after the production survey is concluded. We counted the greatest number of broods during ground survey 3 which was I month after the USFWS production survey. Survey 3 brood counts showed the best relationship to the total number of broods produced on the comparison segments. Based on our ground counts, the most broods along the study segments would have theoretically been present during late July through early August. July pond count data showed a better relationship to the number of broods that hatched after the production survey than did data from the Aerial-LNI or Ground-LNI. Our findings along with data from earlier studies indicate that enough discrepancy exists between the timing of current aerial brood surveys and the peak in brood occurrence to merit consideration of further evaluation of the USFWS brood survey protocols."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["An Evaluation of Waterfowl Production Surveys in Eastern South Dakota, 1995"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kenneth F. Higgens"],"dc:creator":["Cooper, Thomas R."],"dc:description.abstract":["Considerable attention has been given to the quality of aerial surveys of spring breeding duck populations and water conditions in the prairie pothole region. In contrast, little research time has been done in relation to validating the quality of the July aerial brood surveys which do not have a ground-truth compliment similar to the spring breeding population survey. Four ground survey periods along 9 Air-Ground Comparison segments were used to evaluate the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) Aerial Waterfowl Production and Habitat Survey (production survey) in eastern South Dakota. Survey 1 was conducted before and Survey 2 was conducted during the production survey, while Surveys 3 and 4 were conducted after the production survey. During this study, broods and Late Nesting Index (LNI) adults were counted from the ground and air. The LNI is composed of lone drakes in breeding plumage and duck pairs and is used to predict the relative number of broods that hatch after the production survey is concluded. We counted the greatest number of broods during ground survey 3 which was I month after the USFWS production survey. Survey 3 brood counts showed the best relationship to the total number of broods produced on the comparison segments. Based on our ground counts, the most broods along the study segments would have theoretically been present during late July through early August. July pond count data showed a better relationship to the number of broods that hatched after the production survey than did data from the Aerial-LNI or Ground-LNI. Our findings along with data from earlier studies indicate that enough discrepancy exists between the timing of current aerial brood surveys and the peak in brood occurrence to merit consideration of further evaluation of the USFWS brood survey protocols."],"dc:identifier":["https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/316"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright © 1996. Thomas R. Cooper. All rights reserved."],"dc:subject":["Natural Resources and Conservation"],"dc:title":["An Evaluation of Waterfowl Production Surveys in Eastern South Dakota, 1995"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Wildlife and Fisheries Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis - University Access Only"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:51Z"}