{"id":{"repo_id":"sdstate","oai_identifier":"oai:openprairie.sdstate.edu:etd-1297"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/sdstate/oai:openprairie.sdstate.edu:etd-1297","repository":{"repo_id":"sdstate","name":"South Dakota State University","base_url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Use of a Mail Survey to Determine Present Mammal Distributions by County in South Dakota","abstract":"Presently, a publication on the county distribution of South Dakota mammals does not exist. A state-wide mail survey was conducted in 1992 to determine the present distribution by county, of South Dakota's medium- to large-sized mammals. Eight hundred and thirty-four questionnaires were sent to natural resource managers, trappers, and others that were assumed to have knowledge of the distribution of mammals in the state. Three hundred and nine questionnaires were returned for a 37% return rate. Survey results were used to develop species distribution maps to compare with past species distribution data obtained from museum records and published literature. A review of early historical museum collections in South Dakota, and a review of mail survey methods is presented in the thesis. Specimen location data from past studies or collections were obtained from 21 national and state museums or institutions and about 500 published accounts. Compared to published distribution maps of the 1950's, 12 of the 42 mammals studied seem to have expanded their range, four have decreased their range, and 13 have maintained the same range in South Dakota. I was uncertain about temporal changes for 13 species in this study because of questionable sightings reported by the survey respondents and substantial voids in the literature and museum records. Thirteen counties in South Dakota lacked published literature records and 44 lacked museum specimens for the 42 species studied. Most specimen collections and published accounts are of mammals of the Black Hills area. Future studies and systematic collections are needed to verify the distribution of mammals in north- and south-central South Dakota because these areas are where data or collections are lacking the most. Study results indicated that with some modifications, a mail survey showed potential as an effective technique to assess the distribution of medium- to large-sized mammals by county. Future use of a mail survey should include a very select survey public, stricter survey methods, and drawings or photographs should be provided for survey participants to enable better differentiation of similar species. To increase response rates, I recommend pre-survey exposure of the project to publics (e.g., magazine or newspaper articles), three follow-up mailings in addition to notices, newsletters and phone calls, and the provision of postage-paid return envelopes for questionnaires.","abstract_html":"Presently, a publication on the county distribution of South Dakota mammals does not exist. A state-wide mail survey was conducted in 1992 to determine the present distribution by county, of South Dakota's medium- to large-sized mammals. Eight hundred and thirty-four questionnaires were sent to natural resource managers, trappers, and others that were assumed to have knowledge of the distribution of mammals in the state. Three hundred and nine questionnaires were returned for a 37% return rate. Survey results were used to develop species distribution maps to compare with past species distribution data obtained from museum records and published literature. A review of early historical museum collections in South Dakota, and a review of mail survey methods is presented in the thesis. Specimen location data from past studies or collections were obtained from 21 national and state museums or institutions and about 500 published accounts. Compared to published distribution maps of the 1950's, 12 of the 42 mammals studied seem to have expanded their range, four have decreased their range, and 13 have maintained the same range in South Dakota. I was uncertain about temporal changes for 13 species in this study because of questionable sightings reported by the survey respondents and substantial voids in the literature and museum records. Thirteen counties in South Dakota lacked published literature records and 44 lacked museum specimens for the 42 species studied. Most specimen collections and published accounts are of mammals of the Black Hills area. Future studies and systematic collections are needed to verify the distribution of mammals in north- and south-central South Dakota because these areas are where data or collections are lacking the most. Study results indicated that with some modifications, a mail survey showed potential as an effective technique to assess the distribution of medium- to large-sized mammals by county. Future use of a mail survey should include a very select survey public, stricter survey methods, and drawings or photographs should be provided for survey participants to enable better differentiation of similar species. To increase response rates, I recommend pre-survey exposure of the project to publics (e.g., magazine or newspaper articles), three follow-up mailings in addition to notices, newsletters and phone calls, and the provision of postage-paid return envelopes for questionnaires.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Blumberg, Carmen A."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis - University Access Only","degree_discipline":"Wildlife and Fisheries Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kenneth F. Higgins"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1993,"date_issued":"1993-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"1993-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:44Z","subjects":["Natural Resources and Conservation"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright 1989 Carmen R. Blumberg. All Rights Reserved."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/297","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kenneth F. 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All Rights Reserved."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/297"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Presently, a publication on the county distribution of South Dakota mammals does not exist. A state-wide mail survey was conducted in 1992 to determine the present distribution by county, of South Dakota's medium- to large-sized mammals. Eight hundred and thirty-four questionnaires were sent to natural resource managers, trappers, and others that were assumed to have knowledge of the distribution of mammals in the state. Three hundred and nine questionnaires were returned for a 37% return rate. Survey results were used to develop species distribution maps to compare with past species distribution data obtained from museum records and published literature. A review of early historical museum collections in South Dakota, and a review of mail survey methods is presented in the thesis. Specimen location data from past studies or collections were obtained from 21 national and state museums or institutions and about 500 published accounts. Compared to published distribution maps of the 1950's, 12 of the 42 mammals studied seem to have expanded their range, four have decreased their range, and 13 have maintained the same range in South Dakota. I was uncertain about temporal changes for 13 species in this study because of questionable sightings reported by the survey respondents and substantial voids in the literature and museum records. Thirteen counties in South Dakota lacked published literature records and 44 lacked museum specimens for the 42 species studied. Most specimen collections and published accounts are of mammals of the Black Hills area. Future studies and systematic collections are needed to verify the distribution of mammals in north- and south-central South Dakota because these areas are where data or collections are lacking the most. Study results indicated that with some modifications, a mail survey showed potential as an effective technique to assess the distribution of medium- to large-sized mammals by county. Future use of a mail survey should include a very select survey public, stricter survey methods, and drawings or photographs should be provided for survey participants to enable better differentiation of similar species. To increase response rates, I recommend pre-survey exposure of the project to publics (e.g., magazine or newspaper articles), three follow-up mailings in addition to notices, newsletters and phone calls, and the provision of postage-paid return envelopes for questionnaires."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Use of a Mail Survey to Determine Present Mammal Distributions by County in South Dakota"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kenneth F. Higgins"],"dc:creator":["Blumberg, Carmen A."],"dc:description.abstract":["Presently, a publication on the county distribution of South Dakota mammals does not exist. A state-wide mail survey was conducted in 1992 to determine the present distribution by county, of South Dakota's medium- to large-sized mammals. Eight hundred and thirty-four questionnaires were sent to natural resource managers, trappers, and others that were assumed to have knowledge of the distribution of mammals in the state. Three hundred and nine questionnaires were returned for a 37% return rate. Survey results were used to develop species distribution maps to compare with past species distribution data obtained from museum records and published literature. A review of early historical museum collections in South Dakota, and a review of mail survey methods is presented in the thesis. Specimen location data from past studies or collections were obtained from 21 national and state museums or institutions and about 500 published accounts. Compared to published distribution maps of the 1950's, 12 of the 42 mammals studied seem to have expanded their range, four have decreased their range, and 13 have maintained the same range in South Dakota. I was uncertain about temporal changes for 13 species in this study because of questionable sightings reported by the survey respondents and substantial voids in the literature and museum records. Thirteen counties in South Dakota lacked published literature records and 44 lacked museum specimens for the 42 species studied. Most specimen collections and published accounts are of mammals of the Black Hills area. Future studies and systematic collections are needed to verify the distribution of mammals in north- and south-central South Dakota because these areas are where data or collections are lacking the most. Study results indicated that with some modifications, a mail survey showed potential as an effective technique to assess the distribution of medium- to large-sized mammals by county. Future use of a mail survey should include a very select survey public, stricter survey methods, and drawings or photographs should be provided for survey participants to enable better differentiation of similar species. To increase response rates, I recommend pre-survey exposure of the project to publics (e.g., magazine or newspaper articles), three follow-up mailings in addition to notices, newsletters and phone calls, and the provision of postage-paid return envelopes for questionnaires."],"dc:identifier":["https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/297"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 1989 Carmen R. Blumberg. All Rights Reserved."],"dc:subject":["Natural Resources and Conservation"],"dc:title":["Use of a Mail Survey to Determine Present Mammal Distributions by County in South Dakota"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Wildlife and Fisheries Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis - University Access Only"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:44Z"}