{"id":{"repo_id":"sask","oai_identifier":"oai:harvest.usask.ca:10388/etd-08282009-170854"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/sask/oai:harvest.usask.ca:10388/etd-08282009-170854","repository":{"repo_id":"sask","name":"University of Saskatchewan","base_url":"https://harvest.usask.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Characterization and encapsulation of probiotic bacteria using a Pea-protein Alginate matrix","abstract":"Research was undertaken to examine different in vitro characteristics of probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC® 11975™, Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 15697D, Bifidobacterium catenulatum ATCC® 27675 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC® 15703™ in order to identify suitable strain(s) for encapsulation. Under simulated gastric conditions (pH 2.0), L. acidophilus was the most acid-tolerant strain (D-value 10.2 ± 0.8 min), and was able to survive for 30 min; whereas, the other tested probiotics underwent a rapid (within the first 5 min at pH 2.0) 4-5 log colony forming units (cfu)/mL loss in viability. All probiotics tested were able to survive 5 h exposure to 0.3% Oxgall bile at pH 5.8. The relative ranking of probiotic adherence to Caco-2 cells was determined to be: L. acidophilus > B. catenulatum > B. adolescentis > B. infantis, which correlated with 4.5 104, 3.1 103, 2.6 101, and 1.5 101 cfu/mL associated with Caco-2 cell monolayers, respectively. The most hydrophobic probiotics included L. acidophilus (46.5 ± 6.1%) and B. catenulatum (65.5 ± 5.2%); their hydrophobicity were positively correlated with auto-aggregation ability. Addition of divalent cations, EDTA, and bile salts were found to affect hydrophobicity as well; for example, 0.5 mM MgCl2 resulted in a 20% increase in cell surface hydrophobicity of L. acidophilus from baseline levels; whereas, the addition of 0.1 and 0.5% bile salts decreased L. acidophilus hydrophobicity from control levels by 60 and 90%, respectively. Cell free culture supernatant of L. acidophilus effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium sordelli. Bactericidal activity of L. acidophilus cell-free supernatant (the lethal factor was determined to be both heat and trypsin-resistant) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Clostridium sordelli ATCC 9714 over 24 h resulted in reductions of 5.5 and 3.5 log cfu/mL, respectively. Further examination of probiotics revealed varying degrees of resistance to the iv antimicrobial agents ciprofloxacin (4 ìg/mL), naladixic acid (32 ìg/mL), kanamycin (64 ìg/mL) and sulfisoxazone (256 ìg/mL). Determination of carbon source utilization patterns indicated that B. catenulatum utilized a number of carbohydrates including -methyl-D-glucoside, D-xylose, D-cellobiose, and -D-lactose; whereas,L. acidophilus, B. infantis, and B. adolescentis utilized D-xylose. Lactobacillus acidophilus was ultimately selected for encapsulation in a 3 mm diameter pea protein-alginate matrix followed by in vitro challenge to simulated gastric conditions (pH 2.0). Encapsulation of L. acidophilus demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) protective effect during the 2 h exposure to simulated acidic stomach conditions; within capsules, there was approximately 1 log cfu/mL loss in cell viability, whereas unprotected cells experienced > 6 log/mL loss in cell viability over the same period.","abstract_html":"Research was undertaken to examine different in vitro characteristics of probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC® 11975™, Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 15697D, Bifidobacterium catenulatum ATCC® 27675 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC® 15703™ in order to identify suitable strain(s) for encapsulation. Under simulated gastric conditions (pH 2.0), L. acidophilus was the most acid-tolerant strain (D-value 10.2 ± 0.8 min), and was able to survive for 30 min; whereas, the other tested probiotics underwent a rapid (within the first 5 min at pH 2.0) 4-5 log colony forming units (cfu)/mL loss in viability. All probiotics tested were able to survive 5 h exposure to 0.3% Oxgall bile at pH 5.8. The relative ranking of probiotic adherence to Caco-2 cells was determined to be: L. acidophilus > B. catenulatum > B. adolescentis > B. infantis, which correlated with 4.5 104, 3.1 103, 2.6 101, and 1.5 101 cfu/mL associated with Caco-2 cell monolayers, respectively. The most hydrophobic probiotics included L. acidophilus (46.5 ± 6.1%) and B. catenulatum (65.5 ± 5.2%); their hydrophobicity were positively correlated with auto-aggregation ability. Addition of divalent cations, EDTA, and bile salts were found to affect hydrophobicity as well; for example, 0.5 mM MgCl2 resulted in a 20% increase in cell surface hydrophobicity of L. acidophilus from baseline levels; whereas, the addition of 0.1 and 0.5% bile salts decreased L. acidophilus hydrophobicity from control levels by 60 and 90%, respectively. Cell free culture supernatant of L. acidophilus effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium sordelli. Bactericidal activity of L. acidophilus cell-free supernatant (the lethal factor was determined to be both heat and trypsin-resistant) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Clostridium sordelli ATCC 9714 over 24 h resulted in reductions of 5.5 and 3.5 log cfu/mL, respectively. Further examination of probiotics revealed varying degrees of resistance to the iv antimicrobial agents ciprofloxacin (4 ìg/mL), naladixic acid (32 ìg/mL), kanamycin (64 ìg/mL) and sulfisoxazone (256 ìg/mL). Determination of carbon source utilization patterns indicated that B. catenulatum utilized a number of carbohydrates including -methyl-D-glucoside, D-xylose, D-cellobiose, and -D-lactose; whereas,L. acidophilus, B. infantis, and B. adolescentis utilized D-xylose. Lactobacillus acidophilus was ultimately selected for encapsulation in a 3 mm diameter pea protein-alginate matrix followed by in vitro challenge to simulated gastric conditions (pH 2.0). Encapsulation of L. acidophilus demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) protective effect during the 2 h exposure to simulated acidic stomach conditions; within capsules, there was approximately 1 log cfu/mL loss in cell viability, whereas unprotected cells experienced > 6 log/mL loss in cell viability over the same period.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kotikalapudi, Bhagya Lakshmi"],"institution":"University of Saskatchewan","degree_name":"Master of Science (M.Sc.)","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"College of Agriculture","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Korber, Darren R."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Low, Nicholas H.","Nickerson, Michael","Shand, Phyllis"],"year":2009,"date_issued":"2009-07","date_published":"2009-07","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:04Z","subjects":["Survival studies","Encapsulation","Caco cell line","Bifidobacterium","Lactobacillus","bacteria","Pea-protein matrix","Culture","Statistics"],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-08282009-170854","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Korber, Darren R."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Low, Nicholas H.","Nickerson, Michael","Shand, Phyllis"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kotikalapudi, Bhagya Lakshmi"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2009-08-28T17:08:54Z","2013-01-04T04:55:37Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2010-09-24T08:00:00Z","2013-01-04T04:55:37Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2009-07"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["College of Agriculture"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (M.Sc.)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Saskatchewan"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Survival studies","Encapsulation","Caco cell line","Bifidobacterium","Lactobacillus","bacteria","Pea-protein matrix","Culture","Statistics"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-08282009-170854"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Research was undertaken to examine different in vitro characteristics of probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC® 11975™, Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 15697D, Bifidobacterium catenulatum ATCC® 27675 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC® 15703™ in order to identify suitable strain(s) for encapsulation. Under simulated gastric conditions (pH 2.0), L. acidophilus was the most acid-tolerant strain (D-value 10.2 ± 0.8 min), and was able to survive for 30 min; whereas, the other tested probiotics underwent a rapid (within the first 5 min at pH 2.0) 4-5 log colony forming units (cfu)/mL loss in viability. All probiotics tested were able to survive 5 h exposure to 0.3% Oxgall bile at pH 5.8. The relative ranking of probiotic adherence to Caco-2 cells was determined to be: L. acidophilus > B. catenulatum > B. adolescentis > B. infantis, which correlated with 4.5 104, 3.1 103, 2.6 101, and 1.5 101 cfu/mL associated with Caco-2 cell monolayers, respectively. The most hydrophobic probiotics included L. acidophilus (46.5 ± 6.1%) and B. catenulatum (65.5 ± 5.2%); their hydrophobicity were positively correlated with auto-aggregation ability. Addition of divalent cations, EDTA, and bile salts were found to affect hydrophobicity as well; for example, 0.5 mM MgCl2 resulted in a 20% increase in cell surface hydrophobicity of L. acidophilus from baseline levels; whereas, the addition of 0.1 and 0.5% bile salts decreased L. acidophilus hydrophobicity from control levels by 60 and 90%, respectively. Cell free culture supernatant of L. acidophilus effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium sordelli. Bactericidal activity of L. acidophilus cell-free supernatant (the lethal factor was determined to be both heat and trypsin-resistant) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Clostridium sordelli ATCC 9714 over 24 h resulted in reductions of 5.5 and 3.5 log cfu/mL, respectively. Further examination of probiotics revealed varying degrees of resistance to the iv antimicrobial agents ciprofloxacin (4 ìg/mL), naladixic acid (32 ìg/mL), kanamycin (64 ìg/mL) and sulfisoxazone (256 ìg/mL). Determination of carbon source utilization patterns indicated that B. catenulatum utilized a number of carbohydrates including -methyl-D-glucoside, D-xylose, D-cellobiose, and -D-lactose; whereas,L. acidophilus, B. infantis, and B. adolescentis utilized D-xylose. Lactobacillus acidophilus was ultimately selected for encapsulation in a 3 mm diameter pea protein-alginate matrix followed by in vitro challenge to simulated gastric conditions (pH 2.0). Encapsulation of L. acidophilus demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) protective effect during the 2 h exposure to simulated acidic stomach conditions; within capsules, there was approximately 1 log cfu/mL loss in cell viability, whereas unprotected cells experienced > 6 log/mL loss in cell viability over the same period."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Characterization and encapsulation of probiotic bacteria using a Pea-protein Alginate matrix"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Korber, Darren R."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Low, Nicholas H.","Nickerson, Michael","Shand, Phyllis"],"dc:creator":["Kotikalapudi, Bhagya Lakshmi"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2009-08-28T17:08:54Z","2013-01-04T04:55:37Z"],"dc:date.available":["2010-09-24T08:00:00Z","2013-01-04T04:55:37Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2009-07"],"dc:description.abstract":["Research was undertaken to examine different in vitro characteristics of probiotic bacteria, including Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC® 11975™, Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 15697D, Bifidobacterium catenulatum ATCC® 27675 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC® 15703™ in order to identify suitable strain(s) for encapsulation. Under simulated gastric conditions (pH 2.0), L. acidophilus was the most acid-tolerant strain (D-value 10.2 ± 0.8 min), and was able to survive for 30 min; whereas, the other tested probiotics underwent a rapid (within the first 5 min at pH 2.0) 4-5 log colony forming units (cfu)/mL loss in viability. All probiotics tested were able to survive 5 h exposure to 0.3% Oxgall bile at pH 5.8. The relative ranking of probiotic adherence to Caco-2 cells was determined to be: L. acidophilus > B. catenulatum > B. adolescentis > B. infantis, which correlated with 4.5 104, 3.1 103, 2.6 101, and 1.5 101 cfu/mL associated with Caco-2 cell monolayers, respectively. The most hydrophobic probiotics included L. acidophilus (46.5 ± 6.1%) and B. catenulatum (65.5 ± 5.2%); their hydrophobicity were positively correlated with auto-aggregation ability. Addition of divalent cations, EDTA, and bile salts were found to affect hydrophobicity as well; for example, 0.5 mM MgCl2 resulted in a 20% increase in cell surface hydrophobicity of L. acidophilus from baseline levels; whereas, the addition of 0.1 and 0.5% bile salts decreased L. acidophilus hydrophobicity from control levels by 60 and 90%, respectively. Cell free culture supernatant of L. acidophilus effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium sordelli. Bactericidal activity of L. acidophilus cell-free supernatant (the lethal factor was determined to be both heat and trypsin-resistant) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Clostridium sordelli ATCC 9714 over 24 h resulted in reductions of 5.5 and 3.5 log cfu/mL, respectively. Further examination of probiotics revealed varying degrees of resistance to the iv antimicrobial agents ciprofloxacin (4 ìg/mL), naladixic acid (32 ìg/mL), kanamycin (64 ìg/mL) and sulfisoxazone (256 ìg/mL). Determination of carbon source utilization patterns indicated that B. catenulatum utilized a number of carbohydrates including -methyl-D-glucoside, D-xylose, D-cellobiose, and -D-lactose; whereas,L. acidophilus, B. infantis, and B. adolescentis utilized D-xylose. Lactobacillus acidophilus was ultimately selected for encapsulation in a 3 mm diameter pea protein-alginate matrix followed by in vitro challenge to simulated gastric conditions (pH 2.0). Encapsulation of L. acidophilus demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) protective effect during the 2 h exposure to simulated acidic stomach conditions; within capsules, there was approximately 1 log cfu/mL loss in cell viability, whereas unprotected cells experienced > 6 log/mL loss in cell viability over the same period."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-08282009-170854"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:subject":["Survival studies","Encapsulation","Caco cell line","Bifidobacterium","Lactobacillus","bacteria","Pea-protein matrix","Culture","Statistics"],"dc:title":["Characterization and encapsulation of probiotic bacteria using a Pea-protein Alginate matrix"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["College of Agriculture"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (M.Sc.)"],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Saskatchewan"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:04Z"}