{"id":{"repo_id":"sask","oai_identifier":"oai:harvest.usask.ca:10388/15869"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/sask/oai:harvest.usask.ca:10388/15869","repository":{"repo_id":"sask","name":"University of Saskatchewan","base_url":"https://harvest.usask.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"On a class of extended toroidal Lie algebras coming from untwisted affine Yangians","abstract":"The purpose of this thesis is to construct so-called \\say{$\\gamma$-extended toroidal Lie algebras}. Originally, these $\\gamma$-extended toroidal Lie algebras were created to aid with endowing \\say{toroidal Lie algebras}, i.e. universal central extensions: $$\\toroidal$$ of the Lie algebras of the form: $$\\g[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}] := \\g \\tensor_{\\bbC} \\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]$$ (so-called \\say{double-loop algebras}), where $\\g$ is a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over $\\bbC$, with Lie bialgebra structures, and the point of doing this is so that toroidal Lie bialgebras can be recognised as classical limits of certain quantum groups known as affine Yangians. Per the general theory of quantisations, such a Lie bialgebra structure on $\\toroidal$ can by constructed by means of Manin triples of the form: $$(\\toroidal, \\toroidal^{\\positive}, \\toroidal^{\\negative})$$ In doing so, we must endow $\\toroidal$ with an invariant bilinear form satisfying some conditions, but an issue that we will encounter in attempting this is that, any invariant bilinear form on a universal central extension is necessarily \\textit{degenerate}. As such, we are motivated to enlarge toroidal Lie algebras into $\\gamma$-extended Lie algebras: $$\\extendedtoroidal$$ and this is done in such a way that the resulting larger Lie algebras can then be endowed with \\textit{invariant} symmetric bilinear forms that are also \\textit{non-degenerate}. Importantly, the construction of these bilinear forms depends entirely on a certain linear map: $$\\gamma: \\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}] \\to \\bbC$$ (and hence the name of our Lie algebras). We shall see that the Lie algebras $\\extendedtoroidal$ all arise as \\say{twists} of the semi-direct product $\\toroidal \\rtimes \\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ by Lie $2$-cocycles $\\sigma \\in Z^2_{\\Lie}(\\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]), \\z(\\toroidal))$, with $\\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ being a certain ($\\Z^2$-graded) Lie subalgebra of the Lie algebra $\\der(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ of all derivations on $\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]$. Moreover, we will see that there is a readily available example of such a $2$-cocycle giving rise to a $\\gamma$-extended toroidal Lie algebra that is \\textit{not} isomorphic to the aforementioned semi-direct product.","abstract_html":"The purpose of this thesis is to construct so-called \\say{<span class=\"etd-inline-math\">&gamma;</span>-extended toroidal Lie algebras}. Originally, these <span class=\"etd-inline-math\">&gamma;</span>-extended toroidal Lie algebras were created to aid with endowing \\say{toroidal Lie algebras}, i.e. universal central extensions: $$\\toroidal$$ of the Lie algebras of the form: $<span class=\"etd-inline-math\">\\g[v<sup>\\pm 1</sup>, t<sup>\\pm 1</sup>] := \\g \\tensor<sub>\\bbC</sub> \\bbC[v<sup>\\pm 1</sup>, t<sup>\\pm 1</sup>]</span>$ (so-called \\say{double-loop algebras}), where $\\g$ is a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over $\\bbC$, with Lie bialgebra structures, and the point of doing this is so that toroidal Lie bialgebras can be recognised as classical limits of certain quantum groups known as affine Yangians. Per the general theory of quantisations, such a Lie bialgebra structure on $\\toroidal$ can by constructed by means of Manin triples of the form: $<span class=\"etd-inline-math\">(\\toroidal, \\toroidal<sup>\\positive</sup>, \\toroidal<sup>\\negative</sup>)</span>$ In doing so, we must endow $\\toroidal<span class=\"etd-inline-math\"> with an invariant bilinear form satisfying some conditions, but an issue that we will encounter in attempting this is that, any invariant bilinear form on a universal central extension is necessarily <em>degenerate</em>. As such, we are motivated to enlarge toroidal Lie algebras into </span>\\gamma$-extended Lie algebras: $$\\extendedtoroidal$<span class=\"etd-inline-math\"> and this is done in such a way that the resulting larger Lie algebras can then be endowed with <em>invariant</em> symmetric bilinear forms that are also <em>non-degenerate</em>. Importantly, the construction of these bilinear forms depends entirely on a certain linear map: </span><span class=\"etd-inline-math\">&gamma;: \\bbC[v<sup>\\pm 1</sup>, t<sup>\\pm 1</sup>] \\to \\bbC</span>$ (and hence the name of our Lie algebras). We shall see that the Lie algebras $\\extendedtoroidal$ all arise as \\say{twists} of the semi-direct product $\\toroidal \\rtimes \\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ by Lie $2$-cocycles $\\sigma \\in Z^2_{\\Lie}(\\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]), \\z(\\toroidal))$, with $\\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ being a certain ($\\Z^2$-graded) Lie subalgebra of the Lie algebra $\\der(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ of all derivations on $\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]$. Moreover, we will see that there is a readily available example of such a $2$-cocycle giving rise to a $\\gamma$-extended toroidal Lie algebra that is \\textit{not} isomorphic to the aforementioned semi-direct product.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Ha, Dat Minh"],"institution":"University of Saskatchewan","degree_name":"Master of Science (M.Sc.)","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"Mathematics","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Wendlandt, Curtis"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Weekes, Alexander","Rayan, Steven","Szmigielski, Jacek"],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-07-24","date_published":"2024-07-24","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:13Z","subjects":["Algebra, representation theory, Lie algebras, infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, quantum groups, affine Yangians"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10388/15869","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Wendlandt, Curtis"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Weekes, Alexander","Rayan, Steven","Szmigielski, Jacek"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ha, Dat Minh"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2024-07-25T02:19:22Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-07-25T02:19:22Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2024-07-24"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Mathematics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (M.Sc.)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Saskatchewan"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Algebra, representation theory, Lie algebras, infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, quantum groups, affine Yangians"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10388/15869"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this thesis is to construct so-called \\say{$\\gamma$-extended toroidal Lie algebras}. Originally, these $\\gamma$-extended toroidal Lie algebras were created to aid with endowing \\say{toroidal Lie algebras}, i.e. universal central extensions: $$\\toroidal$$ of the Lie algebras of the form: $$\\g[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}] := \\g \\tensor_{\\bbC} \\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]$$ (so-called \\say{double-loop algebras}), where $\\g$ is a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over $\\bbC$, with Lie bialgebra structures, and the point of doing this is so that toroidal Lie bialgebras can be recognised as classical limits of certain quantum groups known as affine Yangians. Per the general theory of quantisations, such a Lie bialgebra structure on $\\toroidal$ can by constructed by means of Manin triples of the form: $$(\\toroidal, \\toroidal^{\\positive}, \\toroidal^{\\negative})$$ In doing so, we must endow $\\toroidal$ with an invariant bilinear form satisfying some conditions, but an issue that we will encounter in attempting this is that, any invariant bilinear form on a universal central extension is necessarily \\textit{degenerate}. As such, we are motivated to enlarge toroidal Lie algebras into $\\gamma$-extended Lie algebras: $$\\extendedtoroidal$$ and this is done in such a way that the resulting larger Lie algebras can then be endowed with \\textit{invariant} symmetric bilinear forms that are also \\textit{non-degenerate}. Importantly, the construction of these bilinear forms depends entirely on a certain linear map: $$\\gamma: \\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}] \\to \\bbC$$ (and hence the name of our Lie algebras). We shall see that the Lie algebras $\\extendedtoroidal$ all arise as \\say{twists} of the semi-direct product $\\toroidal \\rtimes \\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ by Lie $2$-cocycles $\\sigma \\in Z^2_{\\Lie}(\\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]), \\z(\\toroidal))$, with $\\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ being a certain ($\\Z^2$-graded) Lie subalgebra of the Lie algebra $\\der(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ of all derivations on $\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]$. Moreover, we will see that there is a readily available example of such a $2$-cocycle giving rise to a $\\gamma$-extended toroidal Lie algebra that is \\textit{not} isomorphic to the aforementioned semi-direct product."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["On a class of extended toroidal Lie algebras coming from untwisted affine Yangians"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Wendlandt, Curtis"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Weekes, Alexander","Rayan, Steven","Szmigielski, Jacek"],"dc:creator":["Ha, Dat Minh"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2024-07-25T02:19:22Z"],"dc:date.available":["2024-07-25T02:19:22Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2024-07-24"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this thesis is to construct so-called \\say{$\\gamma$-extended toroidal Lie algebras}. Originally, these $\\gamma$-extended toroidal Lie algebras were created to aid with endowing \\say{toroidal Lie algebras}, i.e. universal central extensions: $$\\toroidal$$ of the Lie algebras of the form: $$\\g[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}] := \\g \\tensor_{\\bbC} \\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]$$ (so-called \\say{double-loop algebras}), where $\\g$ is a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over $\\bbC$, with Lie bialgebra structures, and the point of doing this is so that toroidal Lie bialgebras can be recognised as classical limits of certain quantum groups known as affine Yangians. Per the general theory of quantisations, such a Lie bialgebra structure on $\\toroidal$ can by constructed by means of Manin triples of the form: $$(\\toroidal, \\toroidal^{\\positive}, \\toroidal^{\\negative})$$ In doing so, we must endow $\\toroidal$ with an invariant bilinear form satisfying some conditions, but an issue that we will encounter in attempting this is that, any invariant bilinear form on a universal central extension is necessarily \\textit{degenerate}. As such, we are motivated to enlarge toroidal Lie algebras into $\\gamma$-extended Lie algebras: $$\\extendedtoroidal$$ and this is done in such a way that the resulting larger Lie algebras can then be endowed with \\textit{invariant} symmetric bilinear forms that are also \\textit{non-degenerate}. Importantly, the construction of these bilinear forms depends entirely on a certain linear map: $$\\gamma: \\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}] \\to \\bbC$$ (and hence the name of our Lie algebras). We shall see that the Lie algebras $\\extendedtoroidal$ all arise as \\say{twists} of the semi-direct product $\\toroidal \\rtimes \\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ by Lie $2$-cocycles $\\sigma \\in Z^2_{\\Lie}(\\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]), \\z(\\toroidal))$, with $\\der_{\\gamma}(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ being a certain ($\\Z^2$-graded) Lie subalgebra of the Lie algebra $\\der(\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}])$ of all derivations on $\\bbC[v^{\\pm 1}, t^{\\pm 1}]$. Moreover, we will see that there is a readily available example of such a $2$-cocycle giving rise to a $\\gamma$-extended toroidal Lie algebra that is \\textit{not} isomorphic to the aforementioned semi-direct product."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10388/15869"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:subject":["Algebra, representation theory, Lie algebras, infinite-dimensional Lie algebras, quantum groups, affine Yangians"],"dc:title":["On a class of extended toroidal Lie algebras coming from untwisted affine Yangians"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Mathematics"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (M.Sc.)"],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Saskatchewan"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:27:13Z"}