Nuevas estrategias de tratamiento de muestra para la determinación de contaminantes orgánicos en matrices medioambientales

[EN] The overall purpose of this report is to propose and develop new treatment strategies for determining sample of organic pollutants in environmental matrices. In many cases, when working with different matrices, such as water or soil, it is necessary to use sample pretreatment techniques prior to instrumental analysis, whose main objective is to isolate the analytes of interest from other components present in the original matrix . Normally, this stage is the most complex analytical process where you make a greater number of errors. Consequently, the smaller the sample handling in it, the better the quality of the results. Within this trend will encompass the methodologies proposed in this paper. As for the samples studied, we have considered various environmental matrices: water and soil. Regarding the specific analytes, their selection was carried out based on their demonstrated toxicity to the environment (chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes and halogenated volatile compounds), or the lack of information of its effect on the environment (emerging contaminants, compounds or belonging to pharmaceutical care products staff). The methodological objective of this work focuses on the study of the analytical possibilities: - The coupling of a headspace generator with an injector temperature. - The use of derivatization reactions in aqueous media for the increased volatility of the analytes under study in the HS-GC coupling. - The combined use of fast gas chromatography sample introduction through the injection mode with solvent removal, allowed by the injector set temperature. - The combined use of adsorption extraction stir bar (Twister) with in situ derivatization reactions in water samples and soils. - The application of sample pretreatment technique QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Simple), based on solvent extraction assisted by salt (salt liquid-liquid extraction assisted, SALLE) for the extraction of compounds chlorinated organics in soil samples. In order to study the analytical possibilities of the proposed methodologies, have perfected several methods for solving specific environmental problems: - Determination of chlorophenols in aqueous samples using a simultaneous in situ derivatization reaction and a nozzle temperature in the coupling headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC). - Determination of ibuprofen in aqueous samples by coupling HS-GC with a programmed temperature injector and a derivatization reaction in situ. - Optimization of a derivatization reaction with the use of carbodiimides for the determination of ibuprofen in aqueous samples using headspace generation. - Determination of parabens, triclosan and methyl triclosan in aqueous samples and soil through the combined use of adsorption extraction stir bar (SBSE) and in situ derivatization reactions and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. - Development of a simplified method for extracting QuEChERS chlorinated compounds in soil samples. - Determination of volatile halogenated compounds and chlorobenzenes in soil samples using a modified version of QuEChERS-gas chromatography and detection by electron capture.

Author

• Casas Ferreira, Ana María

• Tesis y disertaciones académicas
• Universidad de Salamanca (España)
• Tesis Doctoral
• Academic dissertations
• Química orgánica
• Organic Chemistry
• Contaminantes orgánicos
• Organic pollutants

Identifier

hdl:10366/108947

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:gredos.usal.es:10366/108947