{"id":{"repo_id":"rosario","oai_identifier":"oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/47506"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/rosario/oai:repository.urosario.edu.co:10336/47506","repository":{"repo_id":"rosario","name":"Universidad del Rosario","base_url":"https://repository.urosario.edu.co/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Efecto de los recubrimientos ungueales sobre la precisión de la pulsioximetría en adultos sanos: estudio piloto","abstract":"La pulsioximetría es una herramienta fundamental para la monitorización no invasiva de la saturación de oxígeno periférica (SpO₂); sin embargo, la posible interferencia de recubrimientos ungueales como esmaltes y uñas acrílicas continúa siendo motivo de debate en la práctica clínica. Este estudio piloto experimental tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de distintos recubrimientos ungueales sobre la precisión de la pulsioximetría en adultos sanos. Se incluyeron 35 voluntarios adultos, en quienes se realizaron mediciones repetidas de SpO₂ antes de la aplicación, durante el uso y tras la remoción de esmaltes de diferentes colores y uñas acrílicas. Cada participante actuó como su propio control, bajo condiciones ambientales y técnicas estandarizadas, utilizando un monitor multiparámetro de uso clínico habitual. El análisis se realizó con un enfoque descriptivo y exploratorio mediante modelos de medidas repetidas. Los resultados mostraron que las diferencias en la SpO₂ asociadas a los recubrimientos ungueales fueron mínimas y se concentraron alrededor de cero. Aunque los esmaltes rojo y negro presentaron reducciones estadísticamente significativas, su magnitud fue inferior al 1%, sin relevancia clínica. No se evidenció influencia del dedo evaluado, la edad o el sexo. En conclusión, en adultos sanos, los recubrimientos ungueales no generan cambios clínicamente relevantes en la precisión de la pulsioximetría. Estos hallazgos aportan evidencia preliminar y sirven como base para estudios posteriores de mayor escala en contextos clínicos específicos.","abstract_html":"La pulsioximetría es una herramienta fundamental para la monitorización no invasiva de la saturación de oxígeno periférica (SpO₂); sin embargo, la posible interferencia de recubrimientos ungueales como esmaltes y uñas acrílicas continúa siendo motivo de debate en la práctica clínica. Este estudio piloto experimental tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de distintos recubrimientos ungueales sobre la precisión de la pulsioximetría en adultos sanos. Se incluyeron 35 voluntarios adultos, en quienes se realizaron mediciones repetidas de SpO₂ antes de la aplicación, durante el uso y tras la remoción de esmaltes de diferentes colores y uñas acrílicas. Cada participante actuó como su propio control, bajo condiciones ambientales y técnicas estandarizadas, utilizando un monitor multiparámetro de uso clínico habitual. El análisis se realizó con un enfoque descriptivo y exploratorio mediante modelos de medidas repetidas. Los resultados mostraron que las diferencias en la SpO₂ asociadas a los recubrimientos ungueales fueron mínimas y se concentraron alrededor de cero. Aunque los esmaltes rojo y negro presentaron reducciones estadísticamente significativas, su magnitud fue inferior al 1%, sin relevancia clínica. No se evidenció influencia del dedo evaluado, la edad o el sexo. En conclusión, en adultos sanos, los recubrimientos ungueales no generan cambios clínicamente relevantes en la precisión de la pulsioximetría. Estos hallazgos aportan evidencia preliminar y sirven como base para estudios posteriores de mayor escala en contextos clínicos específicos.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Tejada Sánchez, Alifred"],"institution":"Universidad del Rosario","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2026,"date_issued":"2026-02-03","date_published":"2026-02-03","updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:46:50Z","subjects":["Pulsioximetría","Saturación de oxígeno","SpO₂","Precisión diagnóstica","Esmalte de uñas","Uñas acrílicas","Recubrimientos ungueales","Interferencia óptica","Monitorización no invasiva","Adultos sanos","Estudio piloto","Anestesiología","Monitoreo perioperatorio","Pulse oximetry","Oxygen saturation","Measurement accuracy","Nail polish","Acrylic nails","Nail coverings","Optical interference","Noninvasive monitoring","Healthy adults","Pilot study","Anesthesiology","Perioperative monitoring"],"languages":["spa"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"rights_urls":["http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/47506"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/47506","href":"https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/47506","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_47506","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Tejada Sánchez, Alifred"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2026-02-03","2026-02-10T23:48:23Z"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Universidad del Rosario","Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud","Especialización en Anestesiología FCI"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Pulsioximetría","Saturación de oxígeno","SpO₂","Precisión diagnóstica","Esmalte de uñas","Uñas acrílicas","Recubrimientos ungueales","Interferencia óptica","Monitorización no invasiva","Adultos sanos","Estudio piloto","Anestesiología","Monitoreo perioperatorio","Pulse oximetry","Oxygen saturation","Measurement accuracy","Nail polish","Acrylic nails","Nail coverings","Optical interference","Noninvasive monitoring","Healthy adults","Pilot study","Anesthesiology","Perioperative monitoring"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["spa"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess","http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_47506","https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/47506"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["La pulsioximetría es una herramienta fundamental para la monitorización no invasiva de la saturación de oxígeno periférica (SpO₂); sin embargo, la posible interferencia de recubrimientos ungueales como esmaltes y uñas acrílicas continúa siendo motivo de debate en la práctica clínica. Este estudio piloto experimental tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de distintos recubrimientos ungueales sobre la precisión de la pulsioximetría en adultos sanos. Se incluyeron 35 voluntarios adultos, en quienes se realizaron mediciones repetidas de SpO₂ antes de la aplicación, durante el uso y tras la remoción de esmaltes de diferentes colores y uñas acrílicas. Cada participante actuó como su propio control, bajo condiciones ambientales y técnicas estandarizadas, utilizando un monitor multiparámetro de uso clínico habitual. El análisis se realizó con un enfoque descriptivo y exploratorio mediante modelos de medidas repetidas. Los resultados mostraron que las diferencias en la SpO₂ asociadas a los recubrimientos ungueales fueron mínimas y se concentraron alrededor de cero. Aunque los esmaltes rojo y negro presentaron reducciones estadísticamente significativas, su magnitud fue inferior al 1%, sin relevancia clínica. No se evidenció influencia del dedo evaluado, la edad o el sexo. En conclusión, en adultos sanos, los recubrimientos ungueales no generan cambios clínicamente relevantes en la precisión de la pulsioximetría. Estos hallazgos aportan evidencia preliminar y sirven como base para estudios posteriores de mayor escala en contextos clínicos específicos.","Pulse oximetry is a fundamental noninvasive tool for monitoring peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂); however, the potential interference of nail coverings such as nail polish and acrylic nails remains a subject of debate in clinical practice. This experimental pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of different nail coverings on the accuracy of pulse oximetry in healthy adults. A total of 35 adult volunteers were included. Repeated SpO₂ measurements were obtained before application, during use, and after removal of various nail polish colors and acrylic nails. Each participant acted as their own control under standardized technical and environmental conditions, using a clinically validated multiparameter monitor. Data analysis followed a descriptive and exploratory approach based on repeated-measures models. Results showed that SpO₂ differences associated with nail coverings were minimal and clustered around zero. Although red and black nail polish were associated with statistically significant reductions, their magnitude was less than 1% and not clinically relevant. Finger site, age, and sex did not significantly influence measurements. In conclusion, in healthy adults, nail coverings do not produce clinically meaningful changes in pulse oximetry accuracy. These findings provide preliminary evidence and support the feasibility of future larger-scale studies in specific clinical settings."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["40 pp","application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Doğan SD; Karaçay Yikar S; Arslan S; Nazik E (2021) The Effect of Nail Polish and Henna on the Measures of Pulse Oximeters in Healthy Persons. Vol. 36; No. 5; pp. 532 - 535;","Yeganehkhah M; Dadkhahtehrani T; Bagheri A; Kachoie A (2019) Effect of glittered nail polish on pulse oximetry measurements in healthy subjects. Vol. 24; pp. 25 - 29;","Ralston AC; Webb RK; Runciman WB (1991) Potential errors in pulse oximetry. III: Effects of interferences, dyes, dyshaemoglobins and other pigments. Vol. 46; No. 4; pp. 291 - 295;","Yek JLJ; Abdullah HR; Goh JPS; Chan YW (2019) The effects of gel-based manicure on pulse oximetry. Vol. 60; No. 8; pp. 432 - 435;","Rodden AM; Spicer L; Diaz VA; Steyer TE (2007) Does fingernail polish affect pulse oximeter readings?. Vol. 23; No. 1; pp. 51 - 55;","Chan MM; Chan MM; Chan ED (2003) What is the effect of fingernail polish on pulse oximetry?. Vol. 123; No. 6; pp. 2163 - 2164;","Sütçü Çiçek H; Gümüs S; Deniz Ö; Yildiz S; Açikel CH (2011) Effect of nail polish and henna on oxygen saturation determined by pulse oximetry in healthy young adult females. Vol. 28; No. 9; pp. 783 - 785;","Hinkelbein J; Genzwuerker HV; Sogl R; Fiedler F (2007) Effect of nail polish on oxygen saturation determined by pulse oximetry in critically ill patients. Vol. 72; No. 1; pp. 82 - 91;","Aoyagi T; Kishi M (1974) Development of Pulse Oximetry. : Nihon Kohden;","Biox (1981) Introduction of the First Commercial Pulse Oximeter. : Biox Systems, Inc.;","Nellcor (1983) Commercialization and Evolution of Pulse Oximetry for Clinical Use. : Nellcor;","Desalu I; Diakparomre OI; Salami AO; Abiola AH (2013) The effect of nail polish and acrylic nails on pulse oximetry reading using the Lifebox oximeter in Nigeria. Vol. 20; pp. 331 - 335;","Arora H; Tosti A (2017) Safety and efficacy of nail products. Vol. 4; No. 3;","Aggarwal AN; Agarwal R; Dhooria S; Prasad KT; Sehgal IS; Muthu V (2023) Impact of Fingernail Polish on Pulse Oximetry Measurements: A Systematic Review. Vol. 68; No. 9; pp. 1271 - 1280;","León-Valladares D; Barrio-Mateu LA; Cortés-Carmona N; Fuentes-Lizana G; Cabanas AM; Latorre-Progulakis K (2024) Determining factors of pulse oximetry accuracy: a literature review. Vol. 224; No. 5; pp. 314 - 330;","Jubran A (2015) Pulse oximetry. Vol. 19; pp. 272 - 272;","Wood EH (1949) Pressure Capsules and Oxygen Saturation Measurements.","Severinghaus JW (1993) History and recent developments in pulse oximetry. Vol. 214; pp. 105 - 111;","Ballesteros-Peña S; Fernández-Aedo I; Picón A; Lorrio-Palomino S (2015) Influencia del esmalte de uñas en los valores de saturación de oxígeno en pacientes sometidos a pulsioximetría: una revisión sistemática. Vol. 27; pp. 35 - 42;","Peters SM (1997) The effect of acrylic nails on the measurement of oxygen saturation as determined by pulse oximetry. Vol. 65; No. 4; pp. 361 - 363;","Hinkelbein J; Koehler H; Genzwuerker HV; Fiedler F (2007) Artificial acrylic finger nails may alter pulse oximetry measurement. Vol. 74; No. 1; pp. 75 - 82;","Ramesh PJ; Srinivas P; Agarwal R (2021) The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry measurements in intensive care patients. Vol. 35; No. 3; pp. 703 - 710;","Shaw R (1964) Absolute Measurement of Oxygen Saturation Using Eight Wavelengths. : Hewlett-Packard Laboratories;","Beer A (1852) Determination of the Absorption of Light by Hemoglobin. : Philosophical Magazine;","Levitan RM (2020) Pulse oximetry in the detection of early hypoxia during COVID-19: A timely tool for timely diagnosis. Vol. 383; No. 5;","Lee WW; Mayberry K; Crapo R; Jensen RL (2000) The accuracy of pulse oximetry in the emergency department. Vol. 18; No. 4; pp. 427 - 431;","Severinghaus JW; Naifeh KH (1987) Accuracy of response of six pulse oximeters to profound hypoxia. Vol. 67; No. 4; pp. 551 - 558;","Stoneham MD; Saville GM; Wilson IH (1994) Knowledge about pulse oximetry among medical and nursing staff. Vol. 344; No. 8933; pp. 1339 - 1342;","Barker SJ; Shah NK (1996) Effects of motion on the performance of pulse oximeters in volunteers. Vol. 85; No. 4; pp. 774 - 781;","Webb RK; Ralston AC; Runciman WB (1991) Potential errors in pulse oximetry. II. Effects of changes in saturation and signal quality. Vol. 46; No. 3; pp. 207 - 212;","Takuo A; Michio K; Susumu N (2017) Pulse oximetry in surgery: a historical perspective. Vol. 31; No. 1; pp. 13 - 18;","Shah S; Kumar N; Sahu S (2020) Nail polish color and its impact on SpO₂ accuracy in pulse oximetry: A prospective observational study. Vol. 64; No. 8; pp. 663 - 668;","Güneş UY; Zaybak A; Tamsel S (2019) The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry readings: A comparison of 3 types of sensors. Vol. 25; No. 5;","Chawla S; Nandini S; Ramesh V (2020) Effect of artificial fingernails on pulse oximeter readings. Vol. 64; No. 1; pp. 50 - 53;","Agarwal S; Dey A (2023) Nail polish and artificial nails: Do they really affect pulse oximetry readings? A systematic review. Vol. 37; No. 5; pp. 1295 - 1302;","Sousa A; Melo B; Cavalcante G (2022) Evaluation of the effects of nail cosmetics on pulse oximetry in healthy volunteers. Vol. 72; No. 4; pp. 413 - 420;","Agarwal R; Dhooria S; Sehgal IS (2021) Nail polish and sensor type: Their influence on oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. Vol. 153; No. 3; pp. 321 - 327;","Severinghaus JW; Naifeh KH (1987) Pulse oximetry: principles and limitations. Vol. 67; No. 4; pp. 530 - 535;","Wax DB (2021) Increasing accuracy of pulse oximetry: Time to move beyond two wavelengths. Vol. 133; No. 5; pp. 1106 - 1108;","Hay WW Jr (2020) Venous and capillary oximetry and implications for patient care. Vol. 21; No. 5; pp. e345 - e356;","Julious SA (2005) Sample size of 12 per group rule of thumb for a pilot study. Vol. 4; No. 4; pp. 287 - 291;","Hertzog MA (2008) Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies. Vol. 31; No. 2; pp. 180 - 191;","Thabane L; Ma J; Chu R; Cheng J; Ismaila A; Rios LP (2010) A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. Vol. 10; pp. 1 - 1;","Lancaster GA; Dodd S; Williamson PR (2004) Design and analysis of pilot studies: recommendations for good practice. Vol. 10; No. 2; pp. 307 - 312;","Billingham SA; Whitehead AL; Julious SA (2013) An audit of sample sizes for pilot and feasibility trials. Vol. 13; pp. 104 - 104;","Leon AC; Davis LL; Kraemer HC (2011) The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research. Vol. 45; No. 5; pp. 626 - 629;","instname:Universidad del Rosario","reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Efecto de los recubrimientos ungueales sobre la precisión de la pulsioximetría en adultos sanos: estudio piloto","Effect of nail coverings on the accuracy of pulse oximetry in healthy adults: a pilot study"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Tejada Sánchez, Alifred"],"dc:date":["2026-02-03","2026-02-10T23:48:23Z"],"dc:description":["La pulsioximetría es una herramienta fundamental para la monitorización no invasiva de la saturación de oxígeno periférica (SpO₂); sin embargo, la posible interferencia de recubrimientos ungueales como esmaltes y uñas acrílicas continúa siendo motivo de debate en la práctica clínica. Este estudio piloto experimental tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de distintos recubrimientos ungueales sobre la precisión de la pulsioximetría en adultos sanos. Se incluyeron 35 voluntarios adultos, en quienes se realizaron mediciones repetidas de SpO₂ antes de la aplicación, durante el uso y tras la remoción de esmaltes de diferentes colores y uñas acrílicas. Cada participante actuó como su propio control, bajo condiciones ambientales y técnicas estandarizadas, utilizando un monitor multiparámetro de uso clínico habitual. El análisis se realizó con un enfoque descriptivo y exploratorio mediante modelos de medidas repetidas. Los resultados mostraron que las diferencias en la SpO₂ asociadas a los recubrimientos ungueales fueron mínimas y se concentraron alrededor de cero. Aunque los esmaltes rojo y negro presentaron reducciones estadísticamente significativas, su magnitud fue inferior al 1%, sin relevancia clínica. No se evidenció influencia del dedo evaluado, la edad o el sexo. En conclusión, en adultos sanos, los recubrimientos ungueales no generan cambios clínicamente relevantes en la precisión de la pulsioximetría. Estos hallazgos aportan evidencia preliminar y sirven como base para estudios posteriores de mayor escala en contextos clínicos específicos.","Pulse oximetry is a fundamental noninvasive tool for monitoring peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂); however, the potential interference of nail coverings such as nail polish and acrylic nails remains a subject of debate in clinical practice. This experimental pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of different nail coverings on the accuracy of pulse oximetry in healthy adults. A total of 35 adult volunteers were included. Repeated SpO₂ measurements were obtained before application, during use, and after removal of various nail polish colors and acrylic nails. Each participant acted as their own control under standardized technical and environmental conditions, using a clinically validated multiparameter monitor. Data analysis followed a descriptive and exploratory approach based on repeated-measures models. Results showed that SpO₂ differences associated with nail coverings were minimal and clustered around zero. Although red and black nail polish were associated with statistically significant reductions, their magnitude was less than 1% and not clinically relevant. Finger site, age, and sex did not significantly influence measurements. In conclusion, in healthy adults, nail coverings do not produce clinically meaningful changes in pulse oximetry accuracy. These findings provide preliminary evidence and support the feasibility of future larger-scale studies in specific clinical settings."],"dc:format":["40 pp","application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://doi.org/10.48713/10336_47506","https://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/47506"],"dc:language":["spa"],"dc:publisher":["Universidad del Rosario","Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud","Especialización en Anestesiología FCI"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess","http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"],"dc:source":["Doğan SD; Karaçay Yikar S; Arslan S; Nazik E (2021) The Effect of Nail Polish and Henna on the Measures of Pulse Oximeters in Healthy Persons. Vol. 36; No. 5; pp. 532 - 535;","Yeganehkhah M; Dadkhahtehrani T; Bagheri A; Kachoie A (2019) Effect of glittered nail polish on pulse oximetry measurements in healthy subjects. Vol. 24; pp. 25 - 29;","Ralston AC; Webb RK; Runciman WB (1991) Potential errors in pulse oximetry. III: Effects of interferences, dyes, dyshaemoglobins and other pigments. Vol. 46; No. 4; pp. 291 - 295;","Yek JLJ; Abdullah HR; Goh JPS; Chan YW (2019) The effects of gel-based manicure on pulse oximetry. Vol. 60; No. 8; pp. 432 - 435;","Rodden AM; Spicer L; Diaz VA; Steyer TE (2007) Does fingernail polish affect pulse oximeter readings?. Vol. 23; No. 1; pp. 51 - 55;","Chan MM; Chan MM; Chan ED (2003) What is the effect of fingernail polish on pulse oximetry?. Vol. 123; No. 6; pp. 2163 - 2164;","Sütçü Çiçek H; Gümüs S; Deniz Ö; Yildiz S; Açikel CH (2011) Effect of nail polish and henna on oxygen saturation determined by pulse oximetry in healthy young adult females. Vol. 28; No. 9; pp. 783 - 785;","Hinkelbein J; Genzwuerker HV; Sogl R; Fiedler F (2007) Effect of nail polish on oxygen saturation determined by pulse oximetry in critically ill patients. Vol. 72; No. 1; pp. 82 - 91;","Aoyagi T; Kishi M (1974) Development of Pulse Oximetry. : Nihon Kohden;","Biox (1981) Introduction of the First Commercial Pulse Oximeter. : Biox Systems, Inc.;","Nellcor (1983) Commercialization and Evolution of Pulse Oximetry for Clinical Use. : Nellcor;","Desalu I; Diakparomre OI; Salami AO; Abiola AH (2013) The effect of nail polish and acrylic nails on pulse oximetry reading using the Lifebox oximeter in Nigeria. Vol. 20; pp. 331 - 335;","Arora H; Tosti A (2017) Safety and efficacy of nail products. Vol. 4; No. 3;","Aggarwal AN; Agarwal R; Dhooria S; Prasad KT; Sehgal IS; Muthu V (2023) Impact of Fingernail Polish on Pulse Oximetry Measurements: A Systematic Review. Vol. 68; No. 9; pp. 1271 - 1280;","León-Valladares D; Barrio-Mateu LA; Cortés-Carmona N; Fuentes-Lizana G; Cabanas AM; Latorre-Progulakis K (2024) Determining factors of pulse oximetry accuracy: a literature review. Vol. 224; No. 5; pp. 314 - 330;","Jubran A (2015) Pulse oximetry. Vol. 19; pp. 272 - 272;","Wood EH (1949) Pressure Capsules and Oxygen Saturation Measurements.","Severinghaus JW (1993) History and recent developments in pulse oximetry. Vol. 214; pp. 105 - 111;","Ballesteros-Peña S; Fernández-Aedo I; Picón A; Lorrio-Palomino S (2015) Influencia del esmalte de uñas en los valores de saturación de oxígeno en pacientes sometidos a pulsioximetría: una revisión sistemática. Vol. 27; pp. 35 - 42;","Peters SM (1997) The effect of acrylic nails on the measurement of oxygen saturation as determined by pulse oximetry. Vol. 65; No. 4; pp. 361 - 363;","Hinkelbein J; Koehler H; Genzwuerker HV; Fiedler F (2007) Artificial acrylic finger nails may alter pulse oximetry measurement. Vol. 74; No. 1; pp. 75 - 82;","Ramesh PJ; Srinivas P; Agarwal R (2021) The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry measurements in intensive care patients. Vol. 35; No. 3; pp. 703 - 710;","Shaw R (1964) Absolute Measurement of Oxygen Saturation Using Eight Wavelengths. : Hewlett-Packard Laboratories;","Beer A (1852) Determination of the Absorption of Light by Hemoglobin. : Philosophical Magazine;","Levitan RM (2020) Pulse oximetry in the detection of early hypoxia during COVID-19: A timely tool for timely diagnosis. Vol. 383; No. 5;","Lee WW; Mayberry K; Crapo R; Jensen RL (2000) The accuracy of pulse oximetry in the emergency department. Vol. 18; No. 4; pp. 427 - 431;","Severinghaus JW; Naifeh KH (1987) Accuracy of response of six pulse oximeters to profound hypoxia. Vol. 67; No. 4; pp. 551 - 558;","Stoneham MD; Saville GM; Wilson IH (1994) Knowledge about pulse oximetry among medical and nursing staff. Vol. 344; No. 8933; pp. 1339 - 1342;","Barker SJ; Shah NK (1996) Effects of motion on the performance of pulse oximeters in volunteers. Vol. 85; No. 4; pp. 774 - 781;","Webb RK; Ralston AC; Runciman WB (1991) Potential errors in pulse oximetry. II. Effects of changes in saturation and signal quality. Vol. 46; No. 3; pp. 207 - 212;","Takuo A; Michio K; Susumu N (2017) Pulse oximetry in surgery: a historical perspective. Vol. 31; No. 1; pp. 13 - 18;","Shah S; Kumar N; Sahu S (2020) Nail polish color and its impact on SpO₂ accuracy in pulse oximetry: A prospective observational study. Vol. 64; No. 8; pp. 663 - 668;","Güneş UY; Zaybak A; Tamsel S (2019) The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry readings: A comparison of 3 types of sensors. Vol. 25; No. 5;","Chawla S; Nandini S; Ramesh V (2020) Effect of artificial fingernails on pulse oximeter readings. Vol. 64; No. 1; pp. 50 - 53;","Agarwal S; Dey A (2023) Nail polish and artificial nails: Do they really affect pulse oximetry readings? A systematic review. Vol. 37; No. 5; pp. 1295 - 1302;","Sousa A; Melo B; Cavalcante G (2022) Evaluation of the effects of nail cosmetics on pulse oximetry in healthy volunteers. Vol. 72; No. 4; pp. 413 - 420;","Agarwal R; Dhooria S; Sehgal IS (2021) Nail polish and sensor type: Their influence on oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. Vol. 153; No. 3; pp. 321 - 327;","Severinghaus JW; Naifeh KH (1987) Pulse oximetry: principles and limitations. Vol. 67; No. 4; pp. 530 - 535;","Wax DB (2021) Increasing accuracy of pulse oximetry: Time to move beyond two wavelengths. Vol. 133; No. 5; pp. 1106 - 1108;","Hay WW Jr (2020) Venous and capillary oximetry and implications for patient care. Vol. 21; No. 5; pp. e345 - e356;","Julious SA (2005) Sample size of 12 per group rule of thumb for a pilot study. Vol. 4; No. 4; pp. 287 - 291;","Hertzog MA (2008) Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies. Vol. 31; No. 2; pp. 180 - 191;","Thabane L; Ma J; Chu R; Cheng J; Ismaila A; Rios LP (2010) A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. Vol. 10; pp. 1 - 1;","Lancaster GA; Dodd S; Williamson PR (2004) Design and analysis of pilot studies: recommendations for good practice. Vol. 10; No. 2; pp. 307 - 312;","Billingham SA; Whitehead AL; Julious SA (2013) An audit of sample sizes for pilot and feasibility trials. Vol. 13; pp. 104 - 104;","Leon AC; Davis LL; Kraemer HC (2011) The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research. Vol. 45; No. 5; pp. 626 - 629;","instname:Universidad del Rosario","reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR"],"dc:subject":["Pulsioximetría","Saturación de oxígeno","SpO₂","Precisión diagnóstica","Esmalte de uñas","Uñas acrílicas","Recubrimientos ungueales","Interferencia óptica","Monitorización no invasiva","Adultos sanos","Estudio piloto","Anestesiología","Monitoreo perioperatorio","Pulse oximetry","Oxygen saturation","Measurement accuracy","Nail polish","Acrylic nails","Nail coverings","Optical interference","Noninvasive monitoring","Healthy adults","Pilot study","Anesthesiology","Perioperative monitoring"],"dc:title":["Efecto de los recubrimientos ungueales sobre la precisión de la pulsioximetría en adultos sanos: estudio piloto","Effect of nail coverings on the accuracy of pulse oximetry in healthy adults: a pilot study"],"dc:type":["info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:46:50Z"}