Sources of damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be categorized broadly into exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous sources range from environmental (e.g., air pollution, tobacco and alcohol, ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to sun exposure), to pharmaceutical sources (e.g., chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin). The other main category of DNA damage is endogenous, which can range from metabolites such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the cells as byproducts of metabolic pathways, to incorrect bases incorporated into the genome. In this thesis, I will focus on two types of endogenous DNA damage: 1) interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) formed by DNA damaging aldehydes and 2) genome-embedded ribonucleotides. The clinical pathologies arising in the setting of the improper removal or repair of ICLs or genome-embedded ribonucleotides are diverse. A failure to remove ICLs in humans is the cause of Fanconi anemia (FA), a disease characterized by early bone marrow failure, congenital abnormalities, and an early onset of cancers such as leukemia and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). On the other hand, failure to appropriately remove genome-embedded ribonucleotides leads to Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS), a rare autosomal recessive neurological disorder, which clinically mimics a congenital viral infection. Part I of this thesis focuses on the study of the endogenous sources of ICLs in human oral keratinocytes, the precursor cell of HNSCC. Part II of this thesis concentrates on the study of the enzyme RNase H2 and its actions in ensuring genomic stability by removing genome-embedded ribonucleotides.
","abstract_html":"<p>Sources of damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be categorized broadly into exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous sources range from environmental (e.g., air pollution, tobacco and alcohol, ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to sun exposure), to pharmaceutical sources (e.g., chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin). The other main category of DNA damage is endogenous, which can range from metabolites such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the cells as byproducts of metabolic pathways, to incorrect bases incorporated into the genome. In this thesis, I will focus on two types of endogenous DNA damage: 1) interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) formed by DNA damaging aldehydes and 2) genome-embedded ribonucleotides. The clinical pathologies arising in the setting of the improper removal or repair of ICLs or genome-embedded ribonucleotides are diverse. A failure to remove ICLs in humans is the cause of Fanconi anemia (FA), a disease characterized by early bone marrow failure, congenital abnormalities, and an early onset of cancers such as leukemia and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). On the other hand, failure to appropriately remove genome-embedded ribonucleotides leads to Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS), a rare autosomal recessive neurological disorder, which clinically mimics a congenital viral infection. Part I of this thesis focuses on the study of the endogenous sources of ICLs in human oral keratinocytes, the precursor cell of HNSCC. Part II of this thesis concentrates on the study of the enzyme RNase H2 and its actions in ensuring genomic stability by removing genome-embedded ribonucleotides.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Blobel, Nicolas Johannes Georg"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Agata Smogorzewska"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2025-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:11:21Z","subjects":["DNA damage","interstrand crosslinks (ICLs)","genome-embedded ribonucleotides","Fanconi anemia (FA)","Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS)","RNase H2","Life Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/student_theses_and_dissertations/793","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Agata Smogorzewska"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Blobel, Nicolas Johannes Georg"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2026-02-09T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["DNA damage","interstrand crosslinks (ICLs)","genome-embedded ribonucleotides","Fanconi anemia (FA)","Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS)","RNase H2","Life Sciences"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/student_theses_and_dissertations/793"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Sources of damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be categorized broadly into exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous sources range from environmental (e.g., air pollution, tobacco and alcohol, ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to sun exposure), to pharmaceutical sources (e.g., chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin). The other main category of DNA damage is endogenous, which can range from metabolites such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the cells as byproducts of metabolic pathways, to incorrect bases incorporated into the genome. In this thesis, I will focus on two types of endogenous DNA damage: 1) interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) formed by DNA damaging aldehydes and 2) genome-embedded ribonucleotides. The clinical pathologies arising in the setting of the improper removal or repair of ICLs or genome-embedded ribonucleotides are diverse. A failure to remove ICLs in humans is the cause of Fanconi anemia (FA), a disease characterized by early bone marrow failure, congenital abnormalities, and an early onset of cancers such as leukemia and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). On the other hand, failure to appropriately remove genome-embedded ribonucleotides leads to Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS), a rare autosomal recessive neurological disorder, which clinically mimics a congenital viral infection. Part I of this thesis focuses on the study of the endogenous sources of ICLs in human oral keratinocytes, the precursor cell of HNSCC. Part II of this thesis concentrates on the study of the enzyme RNase H2 and its actions in ensuring genomic stability by removing genome-embedded ribonucleotides.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Understanding of Intrinsic Sources of DNA Damage that Drive Human Disease: A Foray into the Study of DNA Interstrand Crosslinks and Genome-Embedded Ribonucleotides"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Agata Smogorzewska"],"dc:creator":["Blobel, Nicolas Johannes Georg"],"dc:date.available":["2026-02-09T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Sources of damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be categorized broadly into exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous sources range from environmental (e.g., air pollution, tobacco and alcohol, ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to sun exposure), to pharmaceutical sources (e.g., chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin). The other main category of DNA damage is endogenous, which can range from metabolites such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the cells as byproducts of metabolic pathways, to incorrect bases incorporated into the genome. In this thesis, I will focus on two types of endogenous DNA damage: 1) interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) formed by DNA damaging aldehydes and 2) genome-embedded ribonucleotides. The clinical pathologies arising in the setting of the improper removal or repair of ICLs or genome-embedded ribonucleotides are diverse. A failure to remove ICLs in humans is the cause of Fanconi anemia (FA), a disease characterized by early bone marrow failure, congenital abnormalities, and an early onset of cancers such as leukemia and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). On the other hand, failure to appropriately remove genome-embedded ribonucleotides leads to Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS), a rare autosomal recessive neurological disorder, which clinically mimics a congenital viral infection. Part I of this thesis focuses on the study of the endogenous sources of ICLs in human oral keratinocytes, the precursor cell of HNSCC. Part II of this thesis concentrates on the study of the enzyme RNase H2 and its actions in ensuring genomic stability by removing genome-embedded ribonucleotides.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/student_theses_and_dissertations/793"],"dc:subject":["DNA damage","interstrand crosslinks (ICLs)","genome-embedded ribonucleotides","Fanconi anemia (FA)","Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS)","RNase H2","Life Sciences"],"dc:title":["Understanding of Intrinsic Sources of DNA Damage that Drive Human Disease: A Foray into the Study of DNA Interstrand Crosslinks and Genome-Embedded Ribonucleotides"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:11:21Z"}