Two regulatory mechanisms exist to ensure proper chromosome segregation in mitosis. First, improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments are destabilized through the error correction machinery. Second, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays anaphase onset until all kinetochores have achieved bioriented microtubule attachments. Both of these mechanisms are mediated by several centromeric and kinetochore kinases, including Aurora B. Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) plays a counteracting role to Aurora B to stabilize kinetochore-microtubule attachments and silence the SAC. The regulation of PP1 to modulate these functions, however, remains enigmatic. Using the biochemical tools available in the Xenopus egg extract system, I show here that PP1 binds to the protein KNL1 (Spc105, Blinkin, CASC5) through an evolutionarily conserved RVxF motif. KNL1 is a member of the KMN network that forms the microtubule binding interface at the kinetochore. Using the genetic tools of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, I show that this interaction is essential for silencing the SAC, but has only a minimal effect on kinetochore-microtubule stability. Although phosphorylation of KNL1 by Aurora B can abrogate the KNL1- PP1 interaction, constitutive recruitment of PP1 by KNL1 is insufficient to prematurely silence the SAC. However, the amount of PP1 recruited to the kinetochore is tightly tuned, as targeting just one extra copy of PP1 to KNL1 is lethal. The data presented here leads to a model in which the KNL1-PP1 interaction acts to couple microtubule attachment with SAC signaling. Specific properties of the N-terminus of KNL1 may modulate this coupling, possibly though conformational changes upon microtubule attachment. In addition, there have been several other proteins found to recruit PP1 to the kinetochore, and how these regulatory subunits might cooperate to mediate the functions of PP1 will be discussed.
","abstract_html":"<p>Two regulatory mechanisms exist to ensure proper chromosome segregation in mitosis. First, improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments are destabilized through the error correction machinery. Second, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays anaphase onset until all kinetochores have achieved bioriented microtubule attachments. Both of these mechanisms are mediated by several centromeric and kinetochore kinases, including Aurora B. Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) plays a counteracting role to Aurora B to stabilize kinetochore-microtubule attachments and silence the SAC. The regulation of PP1 to modulate these functions, however, remains enigmatic. Using the biochemical tools available in the Xenopus egg extract system, I show here that PP1 binds to the protein KNL1 (Spc105, Blinkin, CASC5) through an evolutionarily conserved RVxF motif. KNL1 is a member of the KMN network that forms the microtubule binding interface at the kinetochore. Using the genetic tools of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, I show that this interaction is essential for silencing the SAC, but has only a minimal effect on kinetochore-microtubule stability. Although phosphorylation of KNL1 by Aurora B can abrogate the KNL1- PP1 interaction, constitutive recruitment of PP1 by KNL1 is insufficient to prematurely silence the SAC. However, the amount of PP1 recruited to the kinetochore is tightly tuned, as targeting just one extra copy of PP1 to KNL1 is lethal. The data presented here leads to a model in which the KNL1-PP1 interaction acts to couple microtubule attachment with SAC signaling. Specific properties of the N-terminus of KNL1 may modulate this coupling, possibly though conformational changes upon microtubule attachment. In addition, there have been several other proteins found to recruit PP1 to the kinetochore, and how these regulatory subunits might cooperate to mediate the functions of PP1 will be discussed.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Rosenberg, Jessica Scott"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Hironori Funabiki"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2012-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:11:51Z","subjects":["chromosome segregation","spindle assembly checkpoint","KNL1-PP1 interaction","Aurora B kinase","kinetochore-microtubule attachment","mitotic regulation","Life Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/student_theses_and_dissertations/173","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Hironori Funabiki"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Rosenberg, Jessica Scott"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["chromosome segregation","spindle assembly checkpoint","KNL1-PP1 interaction","Aurora B kinase","kinetochore-microtubule attachment","mitotic regulation","Life Sciences"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/student_theses_and_dissertations/173"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Two regulatory mechanisms exist to ensure proper chromosome segregation in mitosis. First, improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments are destabilized through the error correction machinery. Second, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays anaphase onset until all kinetochores have achieved bioriented microtubule attachments. Both of these mechanisms are mediated by several centromeric and kinetochore kinases, including Aurora B. Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) plays a counteracting role to Aurora B to stabilize kinetochore-microtubule attachments and silence the SAC. The regulation of PP1 to modulate these functions, however, remains enigmatic. Using the biochemical tools available in the Xenopus egg extract system, I show here that PP1 binds to the protein KNL1 (Spc105, Blinkin, CASC5) through an evolutionarily conserved RVxF motif. KNL1 is a member of the KMN network that forms the microtubule binding interface at the kinetochore. Using the genetic tools of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, I show that this interaction is essential for silencing the SAC, but has only a minimal effect on kinetochore-microtubule stability. Although phosphorylation of KNL1 by Aurora B can abrogate the KNL1- PP1 interaction, constitutive recruitment of PP1 by KNL1 is insufficient to prematurely silence the SAC. However, the amount of PP1 recruited to the kinetochore is tightly tuned, as targeting just one extra copy of PP1 to KNL1 is lethal. The data presented here leads to a model in which the KNL1-PP1 interaction acts to couple microtubule attachment with SAC signaling. Specific properties of the N-terminus of KNL1 may modulate this coupling, possibly though conformational changes upon microtubule attachment. In addition, there have been several other proteins found to recruit PP1 to the kinetochore, and how these regulatory subunits might cooperate to mediate the functions of PP1 will be discussed.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Protein Phosphatase 1 at the Kinetochore Regulates Chromosome Segregation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Hironori Funabiki"],"dc:creator":["Rosenberg, Jessica Scott"],"dc:description.abstract":["Two regulatory mechanisms exist to ensure proper chromosome segregation in mitosis. First, improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments are destabilized through the error correction machinery. Second, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) delays anaphase onset until all kinetochores have achieved bioriented microtubule attachments. Both of these mechanisms are mediated by several centromeric and kinetochore kinases, including Aurora B. Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) plays a counteracting role to Aurora B to stabilize kinetochore-microtubule attachments and silence the SAC. The regulation of PP1 to modulate these functions, however, remains enigmatic. Using the biochemical tools available in the Xenopus egg extract system, I show here that PP1 binds to the protein KNL1 (Spc105, Blinkin, CASC5) through an evolutionarily conserved RVxF motif. KNL1 is a member of the KMN network that forms the microtubule binding interface at the kinetochore. Using the genetic tools of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, I show that this interaction is essential for silencing the SAC, but has only a minimal effect on kinetochore-microtubule stability. Although phosphorylation of KNL1 by Aurora B can abrogate the KNL1- PP1 interaction, constitutive recruitment of PP1 by KNL1 is insufficient to prematurely silence the SAC. However, the amount of PP1 recruited to the kinetochore is tightly tuned, as targeting just one extra copy of PP1 to KNL1 is lethal. The data presented here leads to a model in which the KNL1-PP1 interaction acts to couple microtubule attachment with SAC signaling. Specific properties of the N-terminus of KNL1 may modulate this coupling, possibly though conformational changes upon microtubule attachment. In addition, there have been several other proteins found to recruit PP1 to the kinetochore, and how these regulatory subunits might cooperate to mediate the functions of PP1 will be discussed.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/student_theses_and_dissertations/173"],"dc:subject":["chromosome segregation","spindle assembly checkpoint","KNL1-PP1 interaction","Aurora B kinase","kinetochore-microtubule attachment","mitotic regulation","Life Sciences"],"dc:title":["Protein Phosphatase 1 at the Kinetochore Regulates Chromosome Segregation"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T04:11:51Z"}