{"id":{"repo_id":"rice","oai_identifier":"oai:repository.rice.edu:1911/13845"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/rice/oai:repository.rice.edu:1911/13845","repository":{"repo_id":"rice","name":"Rice University","base_url":"https://repository.rice.edu/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Secular spiritualism evolved: The market as communal sanctuary","abstract":"Through a comparative analysis of selected modern and contemporary works, both religious and secular, a secular spiritualism is identified. The subversion of representation and suppression of a traditional sacred language, the revelation of the site and its phenomenal qualities, as well as the self-conscious manipulation of tectonics in terms of the relationship between light, material, and construction are the means for challenging the viability of this secular spiritualism at an urban scale. 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