{"id":{"repo_id":"reykjavik","oai_identifier":"oai:skemman.is:1946/50792"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/reykjavik/oai:skemman.is:1946/50792","repository":{"repo_id":"reykjavik","name":"Reykjavík University","base_url":"https://skemman.is/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Investigation into the mitigating effects of demand response programs on EV charging loads","abstract":"As a signatory to the Paris agreement, Iceland has commited to achieving carbon neutrality by 2040. Electrical energy in Iceland comes, almost exclusively, from renewable sources, which causes the electrification of transport to play a primary role in their energy transition plans. This is likely to cause a variety of challenges to the electrical infrastructure. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the impact that increases in electric vehicle (EV) charging will have on the low voltage network of distribution station 68 in Akureyri. This distribution station is owned and operated by Norðurorka, the distribution system operator (DSO) in Akureyri. The majority of the network of this particular distribution station was built around 50 years ago, and thus, EV charging was not anticipated. Another objective of this thesis was to assess the mitigating effects of a demand response program and whether these effects were strong enough to prevent or significantly delay any problems caused by EV charging. Data from Hlöðum Betur, a study into EV charging behaviour and the peak shifting effect of demand response programs, was used in a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability of problems as EV ownership increases. The most common problems as EV charging increases was found to be overloaded cables. This is likely to cause a reduction in the lifetime of cables and increase costs for DSOs.","abstract_html":"As a signatory to the Paris agreement, Iceland has commited to achieving carbon neutrality by 2040. Electrical energy in Iceland comes, almost exclusively, from renewable sources, which causes the electrification of transport to play a primary role in their energy transition plans. This is likely to cause a variety of challenges to the electrical infrastructure. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the impact that increases in electric vehicle (EV) charging will have on the low voltage network of distribution station 68 in Akureyri. This distribution station is owned and operated by Norðurorka, the distribution system operator (DSO) in Akureyri. The majority of the network of this particular distribution station was built around 50 years ago, and thus, EV charging was not anticipated. Another objective of this thesis was to assess the mitigating effects of a demand response program and whether these effects were strong enough to prevent or significantly delay any problems caused by EV charging. Data from Hlöðum Betur, a study into EV charging behaviour and the peak shifting effect of demand response programs, was used in a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability of problems as EV ownership increases. The most common problems as EV charging increases was found to be overloaded cables. This is likely to cause a reduction in the lifetime of cables and increase costs for DSOs.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Eiríkur Ingi Jónsson 1992-"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-06-18T11:12:55Z","date_published":"2025-06-18T11:12:55Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:43:40Z","subjects":["Meistaraprófsritgerðir","Verkfræði","Rafbílar","Kolefnishlutleysi","Engineering","Electric cars","Carbon neutrality"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1946/50792","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Eiríkur Ingi Jónsson 1992-"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-06-18T11:12:54Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-06-18T11:12:54Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2025-06-18T11:12:55Z"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Meistaraprófsritgerðir","Verkfræði","Rafbílar","Kolefnishlutleysi","Engineering","Electric cars","Carbon neutrality"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/1946/50792"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["As a signatory to the Paris agreement, Iceland has commited to achieving carbon neutrality by 2040. Electrical energy in Iceland comes, almost exclusively, from renewable sources, which causes the electrification of transport to play a primary role in their energy transition plans. This is likely to cause a variety of challenges to the electrical infrastructure. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the impact that increases in electric vehicle (EV) charging will have on the low voltage network of distribution station 68 in Akureyri. This distribution station is owned and operated by Norðurorka, the distribution system operator (DSO) in Akureyri. The majority of the network of this particular distribution station was built around 50 years ago, and thus, EV charging was not anticipated. Another objective of this thesis was to assess the mitigating effects of a demand response program and whether these effects were strong enough to prevent or significantly delay any problems caused by EV charging. Data from Hlöðum Betur, a study into EV charging behaviour and the peak shifting effect of demand response programs, was used in a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability of problems as EV ownership increases. The most common problems as EV charging increases was found to be overloaded cables. This is likely to cause a reduction in the lifetime of cables and increase costs for DSOs.","Með undirskrift á Parísarsáttmálanum hefur Ísland skuldbundið sig til að ná kolefnishlutleysi fyrir árið 2040. Þar sem raforka á Íslandi er nánast algjörlega endurnýjanleg, mun rafvæðing bílaflotans spila stórt hlutverk í orkuskiptaáætlunum landsins. Þetta mun líklega koma til með að skapa margar áskoranir fyrir raforkukerfið á Íslandi. Markmið þessa verkefnis er að meta áhrif rafbílavæðingar, og aukningar í rafbílahleðslu sem fylgir, á lágspennudreifikerfi dreifistöðvar 68 á Akureyri. Dreifistöðin er í eigu Norðurorku, sem rekur rafveituna á Akureyri. Stærsti hluti lágspennukerfis þessarar dreifistöðvar var lagt fyrir u.þ.b. 50 árum síðan, löngu fyrir tíma rafbíla. Þar af leiðandi var ekki reiknað með rafbílahleðslu í upprunalegri hönnun. Annað markmið þessa verkefnis var að meta áhrif álagsstýringar á rafbílahleðslu og hvort að þau áhrif séu nægilega sterk til að koma í veg fyrir eða seikna vandræðum sem koma til vegna rafbílahleðslu. Gögn frá Hlöðum Betur, rannsóknar á hleðsluhegðun rafbílaeigenda og áhrif álagsstýringar, voru notuð í Monte Carlo greiningu til að áætla líkurnar á vandamálum eftir því sem rafbílaeign eykst. Algengustu vandamálin voru yfirlestun strenga, sem gæti stytt líftíma strengja og aukið kostnað rafveitunnar."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Investigation into the mitigating effects of demand response programs on EV charging loads"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"],"dc:creator":["Eiríkur Ingi Jónsson 1992-"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-06-18T11:12:54Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-06-18T11:12:54Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2025-06-18T11:12:55Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["As a signatory to the Paris agreement, Iceland has commited to achieving carbon neutrality by 2040. Electrical energy in Iceland comes, almost exclusively, from renewable sources, which causes the electrification of transport to play a primary role in their energy transition plans. This is likely to cause a variety of challenges to the electrical infrastructure. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the impact that increases in electric vehicle (EV) charging will have on the low voltage network of distribution station 68 in Akureyri. This distribution station is owned and operated by Norðurorka, the distribution system operator (DSO) in Akureyri. The majority of the network of this particular distribution station was built around 50 years ago, and thus, EV charging was not anticipated. Another objective of this thesis was to assess the mitigating effects of a demand response program and whether these effects were strong enough to prevent or significantly delay any problems caused by EV charging. Data from Hlöðum Betur, a study into EV charging behaviour and the peak shifting effect of demand response programs, was used in a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability of problems as EV ownership increases. The most common problems as EV charging increases was found to be overloaded cables. This is likely to cause a reduction in the lifetime of cables and increase costs for DSOs.","Með undirskrift á Parísarsáttmálanum hefur Ísland skuldbundið sig til að ná kolefnishlutleysi fyrir árið 2040. Þar sem raforka á Íslandi er nánast algjörlega endurnýjanleg, mun rafvæðing bílaflotans spila stórt hlutverk í orkuskiptaáætlunum landsins. Þetta mun líklega koma til með að skapa margar áskoranir fyrir raforkukerfið á Íslandi. Markmið þessa verkefnis er að meta áhrif rafbílavæðingar, og aukningar í rafbílahleðslu sem fylgir, á lágspennudreifikerfi dreifistöðvar 68 á Akureyri. Dreifistöðin er í eigu Norðurorku, sem rekur rafveituna á Akureyri. Stærsti hluti lágspennukerfis þessarar dreifistöðvar var lagt fyrir u.þ.b. 50 árum síðan, löngu fyrir tíma rafbíla. Þar af leiðandi var ekki reiknað með rafbílahleðslu í upprunalegri hönnun. Annað markmið þessa verkefnis var að meta áhrif álagsstýringar á rafbílahleðslu og hvort að þau áhrif séu nægilega sterk til að koma í veg fyrir eða seikna vandræðum sem koma til vegna rafbílahleðslu. Gögn frá Hlöðum Betur, rannsóknar á hleðsluhegðun rafbílaeigenda og áhrif álagsstýringar, voru notuð í Monte Carlo greiningu til að áætla líkurnar á vandamálum eftir því sem rafbílaeign eykst. Algengustu vandamálin voru yfirlestun strenga, sem gæti stytt líftíma strengja og aukið kostnað rafveitunnar."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/1946/50792"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:subject":["Meistaraprófsritgerðir","Verkfræði","Rafbílar","Kolefnishlutleysi","Engineering","Electric cars","Carbon neutrality"],"dc:title":["Investigation into the mitigating effects of demand response programs on EV charging loads"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:43:40Z"}