{"id":{"repo_id":"reykjavik","oai_identifier":"oai:skemman.is:1946/50599"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/reykjavik/oai:skemman.is:1946/50599","repository":{"repo_id":"reykjavik","name":"Reykjavík University","base_url":"https://skemman.is/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Childbirth as trauma : the impact of witnessing a traumatic childbirth on fathers and father-infant bonding","abstract":"Fathers’ childbirth experiences have long been neglected, although growing evidence has shown that traumatic childbirth experiences can significantly affect paternal well-being. This study aimed to examine the relationship between birth trauma perception and PTSD symptoms, and whether such symptoms could negatively affect the quality of father-infant bonding. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and two multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Data collection took place from June to September 2022 from a sample of fathers (N = 119) who had attended the birth of their child, at least 12 weeks prior to participation. Participants answered a questionnaire which included demographic, background questions and self-report scales. Childbirth-related PTSD symptoms were measured using the City BiTS, depressive symptoms with the EPDS, anxiety with GAD-7, birth satisfaction with BSS-R, and quality of father-infant bonding with PBQ. Results revealed a moderate positive correlation between birth trauma and PTSD symptoms, suggesting that fathers who perceived childbirth traumatic were more likely to develop PTSD symptoms. Additionally, a small positive correlation was found between PTSD symptoms and scores on the PBQ, which may indicate father-infant bonding difficulties. This highlights the importance of acknowledging paternal mental health in perinatal care. Keywords: Paternal mental health, traumatic childbirth, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), father-infant bonding, perinatal care","abstract_html":"Fathers’ childbirth experiences have long been neglected, although growing evidence has shown that traumatic childbirth experiences can significantly affect paternal well-being. This study aimed to examine the relationship between birth trauma perception and PTSD symptoms, and whether such symptoms could negatively affect the quality of father-infant bonding. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and two multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Data collection took place from June to September 2022 from a sample of fathers (N = 119) who had attended the birth of their child, at least 12 weeks prior to participation. Participants answered a questionnaire which included demographic, background questions and self-report scales. Childbirth-related PTSD symptoms were measured using the City BiTS, depressive symptoms with the EPDS, anxiety with GAD-7, birth satisfaction with BSS-R, and quality of father-infant bonding with PBQ. Results revealed a moderate positive correlation between birth trauma and PTSD symptoms, suggesting that fathers who perceived childbirth traumatic were more likely to develop PTSD symptoms. Additionally, a small positive correlation was found between PTSD symptoms and scores on the PBQ, which may indicate father-infant bonding difficulties. This highlights the importance of acknowledging paternal mental health in perinatal care. Keywords: Paternal mental health, traumatic childbirth, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), father-infant bonding, perinatal care","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Þóra Björg Ingvarsdóttir 2002-"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-06-12T09:39:43Z","date_published":"2025-06-12T09:39:43Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:40:29Z","subjects":["Sálfræði","Fæðing","Feður","Áfallastreita","Psychology","Childbirth","Fathers","Post-traumatic stress disorder"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1946/50599","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Þóra Björg Ingvarsdóttir 2002-"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-06-12T09:39:42Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-06-12T09:39:42Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2025-06-12T09:39:43Z"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Sálfræði","Fæðing","Feður","Áfallastreita","Psychology","Childbirth","Fathers","Post-traumatic stress disorder"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/1946/50599"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Fathers’ childbirth experiences have long been neglected, although growing evidence has shown that traumatic childbirth experiences can significantly affect paternal well-being. This study aimed to examine the relationship between birth trauma perception and PTSD symptoms, and whether such symptoms could negatively affect the quality of father-infant bonding. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and two multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Data collection took place from June to September 2022 from a sample of fathers (N = 119) who had attended the birth of their child, at least 12 weeks prior to participation. Participants answered a questionnaire which included demographic, background questions and self-report scales. Childbirth-related PTSD symptoms were measured using the City BiTS, depressive symptoms with the EPDS, anxiety with GAD-7, birth satisfaction with BSS-R, and quality of father-infant bonding with PBQ. Results revealed a moderate positive correlation between birth trauma and PTSD symptoms, suggesting that fathers who perceived childbirth traumatic were more likely to develop PTSD symptoms. Additionally, a small positive correlation was found between PTSD symptoms and scores on the PBQ, which may indicate father-infant bonding difficulties. This highlights the importance of acknowledging paternal mental health in perinatal care. Keywords: Paternal mental health, traumatic childbirth, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), father-infant bonding, perinatal care","Upplifun feðra á meðgöngu hefur lengi verið vanrækt, þrátt fyrir aukinn fjölda rannsókna sem sýna fram á að áfallakennd upplifun feðra af fæðingu getur haft neikvæð áhrif á líðan þeirra. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að skoða tengslin á milli skynjunar á fæðingaráfalli og áfallastreitueinkenna, og hvort slík einkenni geti haft neikvæð áhrif á gæði tengslamyndun föðurs og barns. Rannsóknin var þversniðsrannsókn, þar sem tvær margvíðar aðhvarfsgreiningar voru framkvæmdar. Gagnasöfnun fór fram árið 2022 og úrtakið samanstóð af feðrum (N = 119) sem voru viðstaddir fæðingu barns síns sex til 12 vikum fyrir þátttöku. Þátttakendur svöruðu spurningalista sem innihélt lýðfræðilegar spurningar og sjálfsmatskvarða. Fæðingatengt PTSD einkenni voru metin með City BiTS, þunglyndiseinkenni með EPDS, kvíði með GAD-7, fæðingaránægja með BSS-R og tengslamyndun föðurs og barns með PBQ. Niðurstöður sýndu fram á jákvætt miðlungs sterkt samband á milli skynjunar á fæðingaráfalli og áfallastreitu einkenna. Þetta bendir til þess að feður sem skynja fæðingu sem áfallakennda séu líklegri til þess að upplifa einkenni áfallastreituröskunnar. Að auki var fundið jákvætt lítið samband á milli áfallastreitu einkenna og heildar stiga á á PBQ sem gæti bent til tengslamyndunar erfiðleika. Þetta rennir stoðum undir mikilvægi þess að huga að andlegri heilsu feðra eftir fæðingu. Lykilorð: Andleg heilsa feðra, áfallakennd fæðing, áfallastreituröskun, tengslamyndun, stuðningur við feður"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Childbirth as trauma : the impact of witnessing a traumatic childbirth on fathers and father-infant bonding"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"],"dc:creator":["Þóra Björg Ingvarsdóttir 2002-"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-06-12T09:39:42Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-06-12T09:39:42Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2025-06-12T09:39:43Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Fathers’ childbirth experiences have long been neglected, although growing evidence has shown that traumatic childbirth experiences can significantly affect paternal well-being. This study aimed to examine the relationship between birth trauma perception and PTSD symptoms, and whether such symptoms could negatively affect the quality of father-infant bonding. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and two multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Data collection took place from June to September 2022 from a sample of fathers (N = 119) who had attended the birth of their child, at least 12 weeks prior to participation. Participants answered a questionnaire which included demographic, background questions and self-report scales. Childbirth-related PTSD symptoms were measured using the City BiTS, depressive symptoms with the EPDS, anxiety with GAD-7, birth satisfaction with BSS-R, and quality of father-infant bonding with PBQ. Results revealed a moderate positive correlation between birth trauma and PTSD symptoms, suggesting that fathers who perceived childbirth traumatic were more likely to develop PTSD symptoms. Additionally, a small positive correlation was found between PTSD symptoms and scores on the PBQ, which may indicate father-infant bonding difficulties. This highlights the importance of acknowledging paternal mental health in perinatal care. Keywords: Paternal mental health, traumatic childbirth, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), father-infant bonding, perinatal care","Upplifun feðra á meðgöngu hefur lengi verið vanrækt, þrátt fyrir aukinn fjölda rannsókna sem sýna fram á að áfallakennd upplifun feðra af fæðingu getur haft neikvæð áhrif á líðan þeirra. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að skoða tengslin á milli skynjunar á fæðingaráfalli og áfallastreitueinkenna, og hvort slík einkenni geti haft neikvæð áhrif á gæði tengslamyndun föðurs og barns. Rannsóknin var þversniðsrannsókn, þar sem tvær margvíðar aðhvarfsgreiningar voru framkvæmdar. Gagnasöfnun fór fram árið 2022 og úrtakið samanstóð af feðrum (N = 119) sem voru viðstaddir fæðingu barns síns sex til 12 vikum fyrir þátttöku. Þátttakendur svöruðu spurningalista sem innihélt lýðfræðilegar spurningar og sjálfsmatskvarða. Fæðingatengt PTSD einkenni voru metin með City BiTS, þunglyndiseinkenni með EPDS, kvíði með GAD-7, fæðingaránægja með BSS-R og tengslamyndun föðurs og barns með PBQ. Niðurstöður sýndu fram á jákvætt miðlungs sterkt samband á milli skynjunar á fæðingaráfalli og áfallastreitu einkenna. Þetta bendir til þess að feður sem skynja fæðingu sem áfallakennda séu líklegri til þess að upplifa einkenni áfallastreituröskunnar. Að auki var fundið jákvætt lítið samband á milli áfallastreitu einkenna og heildar stiga á á PBQ sem gæti bent til tengslamyndunar erfiðleika. Þetta rennir stoðum undir mikilvægi þess að huga að andlegri heilsu feðra eftir fæðingu. Lykilorð: Andleg heilsa feðra, áfallakennd fæðing, áfallastreituröskun, tengslamyndun, stuðningur við feður"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/1946/50599"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:subject":["Sálfræði","Fæðing","Feður","Áfallastreita","Psychology","Childbirth","Fathers","Post-traumatic stress disorder"],"dc:title":["Childbirth as trauma : the impact of witnessing a traumatic childbirth on fathers and father-infant bonding"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:40:29Z"}