{"id":{"repo_id":"reykjavik","oai_identifier":"oai:skemman.is:1946/42089"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/reykjavik/oai:skemman.is:1946/42089","repository":{"repo_id":"reykjavik","name":"Reykjavík University","base_url":"https://skemman.is/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Lífaflfræðilegar mælingar og hreyfimat á hálsvöðvum einstaklinga sem hafa fengið höfuðhögg","abstract":"Experiencing a concussion has resulted in about 10-25% of people developing Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS), after their symptoms have not resolved within weeks following impact. Currently, there is no clear physical explanation for PCS. One proposed explanation for the persisting symptoms of PCS is an injury to the cervical spine happening concurrently due to the head impact. The first hypothesis of this study is that individuals who have suffered a concussion (Concussion group) may also suffer from an injury to their neck as a result of the concussion. The second hypothesis states that athletes who have not suffered a concussion (Control group 2) could still have developed an injury to the neck due to the cumulative effect of many subconcussive injuries during their career. Measurements were taken from these two groups and a group of individuals who are not athletes and have not suffered from concussion (Control group 1) for comparison purposes. Four clinical tests were performed using a system from NeckCare. These tests consist of the 1) Butterfly test, which measures movement control of the head and neck, 2) Head-Neck relocation test to measure proprioception, 3) a Cervical Range of motion test, and 4) an Upper-Cervical range of motion test. The Butterfly test results reveals a statistical difference between all groups when it came to movement control. While the Concussion group demonstrated the worst outcome, Control group 2 showed better outcomes than the Concussion group. However, Control group 1 presented the best outcomes. This suggests that the Concussion group and Control group 2 have injuries in their neck that is affecting their movement control. No statistical difference was found in the other tests. This study sheds light on the role an injury to the cervical spine can play in Post Concussion Syndrome which in turn can help physicians to develop more appropriate treatment options for patients.","abstract_html":"Experiencing a concussion has resulted in about 10-25% of people developing Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS), after their symptoms have not resolved within weeks following impact. Currently, there is no clear physical explanation for PCS. One proposed explanation for the persisting symptoms of PCS is an injury to the cervical spine happening concurrently due to the head impact. The first hypothesis of this study is that individuals who have suffered a concussion (Concussion group) may also suffer from an injury to their neck as a result of the concussion. The second hypothesis states that athletes who have not suffered a concussion (Control group 2) could still have developed an injury to the neck due to the cumulative effect of many subconcussive injuries during their career. Measurements were taken from these two groups and a group of individuals who are not athletes and have not suffered from concussion (Control group 1) for comparison purposes. Four clinical tests were performed using a system from NeckCare. These tests consist of the 1) Butterfly test, which measures movement control of the head and neck, 2) Head-Neck relocation test to measure proprioception, 3) a Cervical Range of motion test, and 4) an Upper-Cervical range of motion test. The Butterfly test results reveals a statistical difference between all groups when it came to movement control. While the Concussion group demonstrated the worst outcome, Control group 2 showed better outcomes than the Concussion group. However, Control group 1 presented the best outcomes. This suggests that the Concussion group and Control group 2 have injuries in their neck that is affecting their movement control. No statistical difference was found in the other tests. This study sheds light on the role an injury to the cervical spine can play in Post Concussion Syndrome which in turn can help physicians to develop more appropriate treatment options for patients.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kristjana Sigurðardóttir 1993-"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-06-16T13:52:22Z","date_published":"2022-06-16T13:52:22Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:37:50Z","subjects":["Heilbrigðisverkfræði","Meistaraprófsritgerðir","Heilahristingur","Hálshnykksáverkar","Höfuðáverkar","Hreyfingar (lífeðlisfræði)","Hreyfistjórn","Mælingar","Biomedical engineering","Post-concussion syndrome","Cervical vertebrae","Wounds and injuries","Head--Wounds and injuries","Biomechanics","Motor ability","Measurement"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1946/42089","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kristjana Sigurðardóttir 1993-"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2022-06-16T13:52:20Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2022-06-16T13:52:20Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2022-06-16T13:52:22Z"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Heilbrigðisverkfræði","Meistaraprófsritgerðir","Heilahristingur","Hálshnykksáverkar","Höfuðáverkar","Hreyfingar (lífeðlisfræði)","Hreyfistjórn","Mælingar","Biomedical engineering","Post-concussion syndrome","Cervical vertebrae","Wounds and injuries","Head--Wounds and injuries","Biomechanics","Motor ability","Measurement"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1946/42089"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Experiencing a concussion has resulted in about 10-25% of people developing Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS), after their symptoms have not resolved within weeks following impact. Currently, there is no clear physical explanation for PCS. One proposed explanation for the persisting symptoms of PCS is an injury to the cervical spine happening concurrently due to the head impact. The first hypothesis of this study is that individuals who have suffered a concussion (Concussion group) may also suffer from an injury to their neck as a result of the concussion. The second hypothesis states that athletes who have not suffered a concussion (Control group 2) could still have developed an injury to the neck due to the cumulative effect of many subconcussive injuries during their career. Measurements were taken from these two groups and a group of individuals who are not athletes and have not suffered from concussion (Control group 1) for comparison purposes. Four clinical tests were performed using a system from NeckCare. These tests consist of the 1) Butterfly test, which measures movement control of the head and neck, 2) Head-Neck relocation test to measure proprioception, 3) a Cervical Range of motion test, and 4) an Upper-Cervical range of motion test. The Butterfly test results reveals a statistical difference between all groups when it came to movement control. While the Concussion group demonstrated the worst outcome, Control group 2 showed better outcomes than the Concussion group. However, Control group 1 presented the best outcomes. This suggests that the Concussion group and Control group 2 have injuries in their neck that is affecting their movement control. No statistical difference was found in the other tests. This study sheds light on the role an injury to the cervical spine can play in Post Concussion Syndrome which in turn can help physicians to develop more appropriate treatment options for patients.","Af þeim einstaklingum sem fá heilahristing þróa 10-25% með sér svokallað eftir heilahristings heilkenni (PCS) sem þýðir að einkenni höfuðhöggs hjaðna ekki innan nokkura vikna. Ekki er vitað nákvæmlega hvað veldur langvarandi einkennum PCS. Sumir rannsóknarhópar telja að einstaklingar verði fyrir hálsáverka samhliða heilahristing sem valdi einkennum PCS. Fyrsta tilgáta þessarar rannsóknar er sú að einstaklingar sem hafa fengið heilahristing (heilahristingshópur) fái áverka á hálsi samhliða heilahristingnum. Önnur tilgátan er sú að íþróttamenn sem ekki hafa fengið heilahristing (samanburðarhópur 2) gætu hafa þróað með sér meiðsli á hálsi vegna uppsafnaðra áhrifa margra höfuðhögga á ferlinum sem þó leiddu ekki til heilahristings. Í þessari rannsókn voru framkvæmdar mælingar á þessum tveimur hópum auk þriðja hópsins, sem eru einstaklingar sem hafa ekki fengið heilahristing og eru ekki íþróttamenn (samanburðarhópur 1). Fjögur klínísk próf voru framkvæmd með kerfi frá NeckCare. Þessi próf eru; fluguprófið, sem mælir hreyfistjórn á höfði og hálsi, próf fyrir stöðuskyn hálshryggjar (HNRT) og hreyfiferils próf, bæði á öllum hálsinum (CROM) og einungis á efri hálslið (UROM). Niðurstöður fluguprófsins leiddu í ljós tölfræðilegan mun á öllum hópum hvað varðar hreyfistjórnun höfuðs og háls. Heilahristingshópurinn stóð sig verst, samanburðarhópur 2 stóð sig betur en heilahristingshópurinn en samanburðarhópur 1 stóð sig best. Þetta bendir til þess að einstaklingar í heilahristingshópnum og samanburðarhópi 2 séu með áverka á hálsinum sem hafi áhrif á hreyfistjórn höfuðs og háls. Enginn tölfræðilegur munur var á niðurstöðum annara prófa. Þessi rannsókn varpar ljósi á það hvernig áverkar á hálsi geta haft áhrif á einstaklinga sem hafa fengið heilahristing. Þessar upplýsingar geta hjálpað læknum og sjúkraþjálfurum að þróa betri meðferðarúrræði fyrir sjúklinga."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Lífaflfræðilegar mælingar og hreyfimat á hálsvöðvum einstaklinga sem hafa fengið höfuðhögg","Biomechanical measurements and kinematic assessment of the neck muscles in subjects suffering from impact loading to the head"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"],"dc:creator":["Kristjana Sigurðardóttir 1993-"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2022-06-16T13:52:20Z"],"dc:date.available":["2022-06-16T13:52:20Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2022-06-16T13:52:22Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Experiencing a concussion has resulted in about 10-25% of people developing Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS), after their symptoms have not resolved within weeks following impact. Currently, there is no clear physical explanation for PCS. One proposed explanation for the persisting symptoms of PCS is an injury to the cervical spine happening concurrently due to the head impact. The first hypothesis of this study is that individuals who have suffered a concussion (Concussion group) may also suffer from an injury to their neck as a result of the concussion. The second hypothesis states that athletes who have not suffered a concussion (Control group 2) could still have developed an injury to the neck due to the cumulative effect of many subconcussive injuries during their career. Measurements were taken from these two groups and a group of individuals who are not athletes and have not suffered from concussion (Control group 1) for comparison purposes. Four clinical tests were performed using a system from NeckCare. These tests consist of the 1) Butterfly test, which measures movement control of the head and neck, 2) Head-Neck relocation test to measure proprioception, 3) a Cervical Range of motion test, and 4) an Upper-Cervical range of motion test. The Butterfly test results reveals a statistical difference between all groups when it came to movement control. While the Concussion group demonstrated the worst outcome, Control group 2 showed better outcomes than the Concussion group. However, Control group 1 presented the best outcomes. This suggests that the Concussion group and Control group 2 have injuries in their neck that is affecting their movement control. No statistical difference was found in the other tests. This study sheds light on the role an injury to the cervical spine can play in Post Concussion Syndrome which in turn can help physicians to develop more appropriate treatment options for patients.","Af þeim einstaklingum sem fá heilahristing þróa 10-25% með sér svokallað eftir heilahristings heilkenni (PCS) sem þýðir að einkenni höfuðhöggs hjaðna ekki innan nokkura vikna. Ekki er vitað nákvæmlega hvað veldur langvarandi einkennum PCS. Sumir rannsóknarhópar telja að einstaklingar verði fyrir hálsáverka samhliða heilahristing sem valdi einkennum PCS. Fyrsta tilgáta þessarar rannsóknar er sú að einstaklingar sem hafa fengið heilahristing (heilahristingshópur) fái áverka á hálsi samhliða heilahristingnum. Önnur tilgátan er sú að íþróttamenn sem ekki hafa fengið heilahristing (samanburðarhópur 2) gætu hafa þróað með sér meiðsli á hálsi vegna uppsafnaðra áhrifa margra höfuðhögga á ferlinum sem þó leiddu ekki til heilahristings. Í þessari rannsókn voru framkvæmdar mælingar á þessum tveimur hópum auk þriðja hópsins, sem eru einstaklingar sem hafa ekki fengið heilahristing og eru ekki íþróttamenn (samanburðarhópur 1). Fjögur klínísk próf voru framkvæmd með kerfi frá NeckCare. Þessi próf eru; fluguprófið, sem mælir hreyfistjórn á höfði og hálsi, próf fyrir stöðuskyn hálshryggjar (HNRT) og hreyfiferils próf, bæði á öllum hálsinum (CROM) og einungis á efri hálslið (UROM). Niðurstöður fluguprófsins leiddu í ljós tölfræðilegan mun á öllum hópum hvað varðar hreyfistjórnun höfuðs og háls. Heilahristingshópurinn stóð sig verst, samanburðarhópur 2 stóð sig betur en heilahristingshópurinn en samanburðarhópur 1 stóð sig best. Þetta bendir til þess að einstaklingar í heilahristingshópnum og samanburðarhópi 2 séu með áverka á hálsinum sem hafi áhrif á hreyfistjórn höfuðs og háls. Enginn tölfræðilegur munur var á niðurstöðum annara prófa. Þessi rannsókn varpar ljósi á það hvernig áverkar á hálsi geta haft áhrif á einstaklinga sem hafa fengið heilahristing. Þessar upplýsingar geta hjálpað læknum og sjúkraþjálfurum að þróa betri meðferðarúrræði fyrir sjúklinga."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1946/42089"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:subject":["Heilbrigðisverkfræði","Meistaraprófsritgerðir","Heilahristingur","Hálshnykksáverkar","Höfuðáverkar","Hreyfingar (lífeðlisfræði)","Hreyfistjórn","Mælingar","Biomedical engineering","Post-concussion syndrome","Cervical vertebrae","Wounds and injuries","Head--Wounds and injuries","Biomechanics","Motor ability","Measurement"],"dc:title":["Lífaflfræðilegar mælingar og hreyfimat á hálsvöðvum einstaklinga sem hafa fengið höfuðhögg","Biomechanical measurements and kinematic assessment of the neck muscles in subjects suffering from impact loading to the head"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:37:50Z"}