{"id":{"repo_id":"reykjavik","oai_identifier":"oai:skemman.is:1946/23797"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/reykjavik/oai:skemman.is:1946/23797","repository":{"repo_id":"reykjavik","name":"Reykjavík University","base_url":"https://skemman.is/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Reducing Vocal Stereotypic Behavior in a Child with Fragile X Syndrome by Implementing the Response Interruption and Redirection (RIRD) Method","abstract":"The study sought to reduce vocal stereotypy of a boy with Fragile X syndrome. This was done by utilizing the response interruption and redirection (RIRD) method and adding reinforcers and a negative punisher to the original method. The vocal stereotypy was targeted in two different situations; playtime with an iPad and breakfast. In the iPad situation a reinforcer and a punisher were added to the RIRD method but in the breakfast situation a reinforcer and a conditioned reinforcer were added to the method. There was a visible decrease in vocal stereotypy in both situations, which suggests that adding reinforcers and a punisher works well with the original RIRD method. Experimental control was demonstrated with a mixture of changing criterion design and multiple baseline design by keeping the data stable at a close to zero slope while increasing the criterion. Since previous studies have almost solely focused on autistic individuals, this study adds to the knowledge of whom the treatment benefits. Keywords: Fragile X syndrome, vocal stereotypic behavior, response interruption and redirection (RIRD) method","abstract_html":"The study sought to reduce vocal stereotypy of a boy with Fragile X syndrome. This was done by utilizing the response interruption and redirection (RIRD) method and adding reinforcers and a negative punisher to the original method. The vocal stereotypy was targeted in two different situations; playtime with an iPad and breakfast. In the iPad situation a reinforcer and a punisher were added to the RIRD method but in the breakfast situation a reinforcer and a conditioned reinforcer were added to the method. There was a visible decrease in vocal stereotypy in both situations, which suggests that adding reinforcers and a punisher works well with the original RIRD method. Experimental control was demonstrated with a mixture of changing criterion design and multiple baseline design by keeping the data stable at a close to zero slope while increasing the criterion. Since previous studies have almost solely focused on autistic individuals, this study adds to the knowledge of whom the treatment benefits. Keywords: Fragile X syndrome, vocal stereotypic behavior, response interruption and redirection (RIRD) method","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Dagbjört Helgadóttir 1993-"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-02-17","date_published":"2016-02-17","updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:37:18Z","subjects":["Sálfræði","Hegðunarvandamál","Hljóð","Psychology","Behavior analysis"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1946/23797","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Dagbjört Helgadóttir 1993-"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2016-02-17T10:00:25Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-02-17T10:00:25Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2016-02-17"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Sálfræði","Hegðunarvandamál","Hljóð","Psychology","Behavior analysis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1946/23797"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The study sought to reduce vocal stereotypy of a boy with Fragile X syndrome. This was done by utilizing the response interruption and redirection (RIRD) method and adding reinforcers and a negative punisher to the original method. The vocal stereotypy was targeted in two different situations; playtime with an iPad and breakfast. In the iPad situation a reinforcer and a punisher were added to the RIRD method but in the breakfast situation a reinforcer and a conditioned reinforcer were added to the method. There was a visible decrease in vocal stereotypy in both situations, which suggests that adding reinforcers and a punisher works well with the original RIRD method. Experimental control was demonstrated with a mixture of changing criterion design and multiple baseline design by keeping the data stable at a close to zero slope while increasing the criterion. Since previous studies have almost solely focused on autistic individuals, this study adds to the knowledge of whom the treatment benefits. Keywords: Fragile X syndrome, vocal stereotypic behavior, response interruption and redirection (RIRD) method","Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að minnka steglda hljóðhegðun (e. vocal stereotypy) drengs með heilkenni brotgjarns X (e. Fragile X syndrome). Rannsóknin nýtti aðferð sem kallast hegðunartruflun og endurstýring (e. response interruption and redirection) en styrkjum og sekt var bætt við aðferðina. Inngrip var framkvæmt í tveimur aðstæðum; leiktíma með spjaldtölvu og morgunmat. Í rannsókninni var einliðasniði beitt, nánar tiltekið blöndu af sniði með breytilegu viðmiði (e. changing criterion design) og sniði margþætts grunnskeiðs (e. multiple baseline design). Í spjaldtölvu aðstæðunum var styrki og sekt bætt við hegðunar truflunar- og endurstýringar aðferðina en í morgunmatar aðstæðunum var bæði skilyrtum styrki og styrki bætt við aðferðina. Sjáanleg minnkun var á stegldri hljóðhegðun í báðum aðstæðum sem gefur til kynna að styrking og refsing séu mögulega góð viðbót við upprunalegu aðferðina. Stjórn á aðstæðum var greinileg þar sem hegðun var nánast engin þó að kröfur væru auknar. Þar sem fyrri rannsóknir hafa nánast einungis einblínt á einhverfa þá bætir þessi rannsókn við þekkingu um það hverjir hafa gagn af aðferðinni. Lykilorð: Fragile X syndrome, stegld hegðun, hegðunar truflun og endurstýring"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Reducing Vocal Stereotypic Behavior in a Child with Fragile X Syndrome by Implementing the Response Interruption and Redirection (RIRD) Method"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"],"dc:creator":["Dagbjört Helgadóttir 1993-"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2016-02-17T10:00:25Z"],"dc:date.available":["2016-02-17T10:00:25Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2016-02-17"],"dc:description.abstract":["The study sought to reduce vocal stereotypy of a boy with Fragile X syndrome. This was done by utilizing the response interruption and redirection (RIRD) method and adding reinforcers and a negative punisher to the original method. The vocal stereotypy was targeted in two different situations; playtime with an iPad and breakfast. In the iPad situation a reinforcer and a punisher were added to the RIRD method but in the breakfast situation a reinforcer and a conditioned reinforcer were added to the method. There was a visible decrease in vocal stereotypy in both situations, which suggests that adding reinforcers and a punisher works well with the original RIRD method. Experimental control was demonstrated with a mixture of changing criterion design and multiple baseline design by keeping the data stable at a close to zero slope while increasing the criterion. Since previous studies have almost solely focused on autistic individuals, this study adds to the knowledge of whom the treatment benefits. Keywords: Fragile X syndrome, vocal stereotypic behavior, response interruption and redirection (RIRD) method","Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að minnka steglda hljóðhegðun (e. vocal stereotypy) drengs með heilkenni brotgjarns X (e. Fragile X syndrome). Rannsóknin nýtti aðferð sem kallast hegðunartruflun og endurstýring (e. response interruption and redirection) en styrkjum og sekt var bætt við aðferðina. Inngrip var framkvæmt í tveimur aðstæðum; leiktíma með spjaldtölvu og morgunmat. Í rannsókninni var einliðasniði beitt, nánar tiltekið blöndu af sniði með breytilegu viðmiði (e. changing criterion design) og sniði margþætts grunnskeiðs (e. multiple baseline design). Í spjaldtölvu aðstæðunum var styrki og sekt bætt við hegðunar truflunar- og endurstýringar aðferðina en í morgunmatar aðstæðunum var bæði skilyrtum styrki og styrki bætt við aðferðina. Sjáanleg minnkun var á stegldri hljóðhegðun í báðum aðstæðum sem gefur til kynna að styrking og refsing séu mögulega góð viðbót við upprunalegu aðferðina. Stjórn á aðstæðum var greinileg þar sem hegðun var nánast engin þó að kröfur væru auknar. Þar sem fyrri rannsóknir hafa nánast einungis einblínt á einhverfa þá bætir þessi rannsókn við þekkingu um það hverjir hafa gagn af aðferðinni. Lykilorð: Fragile X syndrome, stegld hegðun, hegðunar truflun og endurstýring"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1946/23797"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:subject":["Sálfræði","Hegðunarvandamál","Hljóð","Psychology","Behavior analysis"],"dc:title":["Reducing Vocal Stereotypic Behavior in a Child with Fragile X Syndrome by Implementing the Response Interruption and Redirection (RIRD) Method"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:37:18Z"}