{"id":{"repo_id":"reykjavik","oai_identifier":"oai:skemman.is:1946/22557"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/reykjavik/oai:skemman.is:1946/22557","repository":{"repo_id":"reykjavik","name":"Reykjavík University","base_url":"https://skemman.is/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Reduction in Self-Esteem and Self-Evaluation Following Upward Social Comparison on Facebook: Depression as a Moderator","abstract":"Facebook, which is a context for a desirable self-presentation and identity management, is an ideal platform for upward social comparison. However, limited research has examined potential negative effects of exposure to upward social comparison on social networking sites. The aims of the current study were to examine the potential negative effects of upward social comparison on self-esteem and self-evaluation and to explore if these negative effects were more pronounced among individuals with depressed affect. Fifty-eight undergraduate psychology students were randomly assigned to either an upward or an downward comparison group, where the comparison manipulation was made with different amount of likes and comments on the fictitious Facebook profiles that participants ́ temporarily viewed. Counter to hypotheses, following exposure to the Facebook profiles, there were no differences between the groups in state self-esteem and self-evaluation and temporal self- esteem decreased in both the downward and the upward social comparison condition. Confirming the moderation effect of depression, there was an interaction between social comparison and depressed affect for social self-esteem and self-evaluation. The findings suggest that depressed individuals are more vulnerable to upward social comparison on social networking sites than nondepressed individuals.","abstract_html":"Facebook, which is a context for a desirable self-presentation and identity management, is an ideal platform for upward social comparison. However, limited research has examined potential negative effects of exposure to upward social comparison on social networking sites. The aims of the current study were to examine the potential negative effects of upward social comparison on self-esteem and self-evaluation and to explore if these negative effects were more pronounced among individuals with depressed affect. Fifty-eight undergraduate psychology students were randomly assigned to either an upward or an downward comparison group, where the comparison manipulation was made with different amount of likes and comments on the fictitious Facebook profiles that participants ́ temporarily viewed. Counter to hypotheses, following exposure to the Facebook profiles, there were no differences between the groups in state self-esteem and self-evaluation and temporal self- esteem decreased in both the downward and the upward social comparison condition. Confirming the moderation effect of depression, there was an interaction between social comparison and depressed affect for social self-esteem and self-evaluation. The findings suggest that depressed individuals are more vulnerable to upward social comparison on social networking sites than nondepressed individuals.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Helga Margrét Ólafsdóttir 1990-"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-08-25","date_published":"2015-08-25","updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:41:01Z","subjects":["Sálfræði","Samfélagsmiðlar","Sjálfsmynd (sálfræði)","Þunglyndi","Psychology","Social media","Self-perception","Depression"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1946/22557","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Helga Margrét Ólafsdóttir 1990-"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2015-08-25T12:09:36Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2015-08-25T12:09:36Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2015-08-25"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Sálfræði","Samfélagsmiðlar","Sjálfsmynd (sálfræði)","Þunglyndi","Psychology","Social media","Self-perception","Depression"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1946/22557"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Facebook, which is a context for a desirable self-presentation and identity management, is an ideal platform for upward social comparison. However, limited research has examined potential negative effects of exposure to upward social comparison on social networking sites. The aims of the current study were to examine the potential negative effects of upward social comparison on self-esteem and self-evaluation and to explore if these negative effects were more pronounced among individuals with depressed affect. Fifty-eight undergraduate psychology students were randomly assigned to either an upward or an downward comparison group, where the comparison manipulation was made with different amount of likes and comments on the fictitious Facebook profiles that participants ́ temporarily viewed. Counter to hypotheses, following exposure to the Facebook profiles, there were no differences between the groups in state self-esteem and self-evaluation and temporal self- esteem decreased in both the downward and the upward social comparison condition. Confirming the moderation effect of depression, there was an interaction between social comparison and depressed affect for social self-esteem and self-evaluation. The findings suggest that depressed individuals are more vulnerable to upward social comparison on social networking sites than nondepressed individuals.","Facebook er tilvalinn vettvangur fyrir félagslegan samanburð við einstaklinga sem eru betur settir vegna þess hversu auðvelt það er fyrir notendur að draga upp fullkomna jákvæða mynd af sjálfum sér. Hins vegar hafa möguleg neikvæð áhrif félagslegs samanburðar við einstaklinga sem eru betur settir lítið verið skoðuð á samfélagsmiðlum. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að skoða möguleg neikvæð áhrif félagslegs samanburðar við betur setta einstaklinga á sjálfsálit og sjálfsmat og að skoða hvort áhrifin væru greinilegri hjá einstaklingum með þunglyndiseinkenni. Fimmtíu og átta grunnnemum í sálfræði var tilviljunarkennt skipt í tvo hópa, það er félagslegan samanburð við betur settan einstakling eða félagslegan samanburð við verr settan einstakling. Hagræðing samanburðar var gerð með mismunandi fjölda ummæla og fjölda aðila sem líkuðu við innlegg og myndir Facebook forsíðanna sem þátttakendur skoðuðu tímabundið. Í kjölfar þess að skoða Facebook forsíðurnar var enginn munur á milli hópa á sjálfsáliti eða sjálfsmati og það dró úr tímabundnu sjálfsáliti beggja hópa sem er ekki í samræmi við framsettar tilgátur. Í ljós kom samvirkni á milli félagslegs samanburðar og þunglyndiseinkenna á félagslegu sjálfsáliti og sjálfsmati sem bendir til þess að þynglyndir einstaklingar séu viðkvæmari fyrir félagslegum samanburði við einstaklinga sem virðast betur settir á samfélagsmiðlum."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Reduction in Self-Esteem and Self-Evaluation Following Upward Social Comparison on Facebook: Depression as a Moderator"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Háskólinn í Reykjavík"],"dc:creator":["Helga Margrét Ólafsdóttir 1990-"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2015-08-25T12:09:36Z"],"dc:date.available":["2015-08-25T12:09:36Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2015-08-25"],"dc:description.abstract":["Facebook, which is a context for a desirable self-presentation and identity management, is an ideal platform for upward social comparison. However, limited research has examined potential negative effects of exposure to upward social comparison on social networking sites. The aims of the current study were to examine the potential negative effects of upward social comparison on self-esteem and self-evaluation and to explore if these negative effects were more pronounced among individuals with depressed affect. Fifty-eight undergraduate psychology students were randomly assigned to either an upward or an downward comparison group, where the comparison manipulation was made with different amount of likes and comments on the fictitious Facebook profiles that participants ́ temporarily viewed. Counter to hypotheses, following exposure to the Facebook profiles, there were no differences between the groups in state self-esteem and self-evaluation and temporal self- esteem decreased in both the downward and the upward social comparison condition. Confirming the moderation effect of depression, there was an interaction between social comparison and depressed affect for social self-esteem and self-evaluation. The findings suggest that depressed individuals are more vulnerable to upward social comparison on social networking sites than nondepressed individuals.","Facebook er tilvalinn vettvangur fyrir félagslegan samanburð við einstaklinga sem eru betur settir vegna þess hversu auðvelt það er fyrir notendur að draga upp fullkomna jákvæða mynd af sjálfum sér. Hins vegar hafa möguleg neikvæð áhrif félagslegs samanburðar við einstaklinga sem eru betur settir lítið verið skoðuð á samfélagsmiðlum. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að skoða möguleg neikvæð áhrif félagslegs samanburðar við betur setta einstaklinga á sjálfsálit og sjálfsmat og að skoða hvort áhrifin væru greinilegri hjá einstaklingum með þunglyndiseinkenni. Fimmtíu og átta grunnnemum í sálfræði var tilviljunarkennt skipt í tvo hópa, það er félagslegan samanburð við betur settan einstakling eða félagslegan samanburð við verr settan einstakling. Hagræðing samanburðar var gerð með mismunandi fjölda ummæla og fjölda aðila sem líkuðu við innlegg og myndir Facebook forsíðanna sem þátttakendur skoðuðu tímabundið. Í kjölfar þess að skoða Facebook forsíðurnar var enginn munur á milli hópa á sjálfsáliti eða sjálfsmati og það dró úr tímabundnu sjálfsáliti beggja hópa sem er ekki í samræmi við framsettar tilgátur. Í ljós kom samvirkni á milli félagslegs samanburðar og þunglyndiseinkenna á félagslegu sjálfsáliti og sjálfsmati sem bendir til þess að þynglyndir einstaklingar séu viðkvæmari fyrir félagslegum samanburði við einstaklinga sem virðast betur settir á samfélagsmiðlum."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1946/22557"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:subject":["Sálfræði","Samfélagsmiðlar","Sjálfsmynd (sálfræði)","Þunglyndi","Psychology","Social media","Self-perception","Depression"],"dc:title":["Reduction in Self-Esteem and Self-Evaluation Following Upward Social Comparison on Facebook: Depression as a Moderator"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:41:01Z"}