Peripheral substituents on cationic porphyrins play a significant role during binding with DNA hosts. Possible applications of these systems in photodynamic therapy as well as in anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapies motivate the binding studies. For characterizing DNA binding motifs different methods are useful including absorption, emission, and circular dichroism spectroscopies, as well as viscometry and X-ray crystallography. With the classic H2 T4 porphyrin, or 5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin, the mode of binding varies with the base composition of the DNA host. The porphyrin binds adenine-thymine rich sequences externally whereas intercalation occurs in guanine-cytosine rich sequences. The McMillin group has made some dicationic porphyrins which are strictly intercalators but the lower positive charge decreases binding affinity to DNA. One chapter describes competitive binding studies involving a dicatonic porphyrin. Most of the thesis focuses on a new system described here which is H2TC3 , or (5,10,15,20-tetra[3-(3'-methylimidazolium-1'-yl)]porphyrin). By comparison with the classical H2T4 system, H2TC 3 exhibits a higher molar extinction coefficient but is more prone to self-association. Findings of note include that the copper(II)-containing form Cu(TC3) is adept at internalizing into single-stranded as well as B-form DNA, regardless of the base composition. Surprisingly, however, external binding of H2TC3 occurs within domains that are rich in adenine-thymine base pairs. The difference in the deformability of H 2TC3 vs. Cu(TC3) probably accounts for the reactivity difference. On the other hand, Zn(TC3) binds externally, as the metal center remains five coordinate. Finally, the thesis describes the palladium analogue Pd(TC3). It will be of interest because of the high yield of intersystem crossing and long lifetime of the resulting excited triplet state.
","abstract_html":"<p>Peripheral substituents on cationic porphyrins play a significant role during binding with DNA hosts. Possible applications of these systems in photodynamic therapy as well as in anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapies motivate the binding studies. For characterizing DNA binding motifs different methods are useful including absorption, emission, and circular dichroism spectroscopies, as well as viscometry and X-ray crystallography. With the classic H<sub>2 </sub>T<sub>4</sub> porphyrin, or 5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin, the mode of binding varies with the base composition of the DNA host. The porphyrin binds adenine-thymine rich sequences externally whereas intercalation occurs in guanine-cytosine rich sequences. The McMillin group has made some dicationic porphyrins which are strictly intercalators but the lower positive charge decreases binding affinity to DNA. One chapter describes competitive binding studies involving a dicatonic porphyrin. Most of the thesis focuses on a new system described here which is H<sub>2</sub>TC<sub>3 </sub>, or (5,10,15,20-tetra[3-(3'-methylimidazolium-1'-yl)]porphyrin). By comparison with the classical H<sub>2</sub>T<sub>4</sub> system, H<sub>2</sub>TC<sub> 3</sub> exhibits a higher molar extinction coefficient but is more prone to self-association. Findings of note include that the copper(II)-containing form Cu(TC3) is adept at internalizing into single-stranded as well as B-form DNA, regardless of the base composition. Surprisingly, however, external binding of H<sub>2</sub>TC<sub>3</sub> occurs within domains that are rich in adenine-thymine base pairs. The difference in the deformability of H<sub> 2</sub>TC<sub>3</sub> vs. Cu(TC3) probably accounts for the reactivity difference. On the other hand, Zn(TC3) binds externally, as the metal center remains five coordinate. Finally, the thesis describes the palladium analogue Pd(TC3). It will be of interest because of the high yield of intersystem crossing and long lifetime of the resulting excited triplet state.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ghimire, Srijana"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["David R. McMillin","Mahdi Abu-Omar","Christopher Uyeda","Chengde Mao"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-07-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-07-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:53:28Z","subjects":["Biochemistry","Inorganic Chemistry"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/270","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["David R. McMillin","Mahdi Abu-Omar","Christopher Uyeda","Chengde Mao"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ghimire, Srijana"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biochemistry","Inorganic Chemistry"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/270"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Peripheral substituents on cationic porphyrins play a significant role during binding with DNA hosts. Possible applications of these systems in photodynamic therapy as well as in anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapies motivate the binding studies. For characterizing DNA binding motifs different methods are useful including absorption, emission, and circular dichroism spectroscopies, as well as viscometry and X-ray crystallography. With the classic H2 T4 porphyrin, or 5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin, the mode of binding varies with the base composition of the DNA host. The porphyrin binds adenine-thymine rich sequences externally whereas intercalation occurs in guanine-cytosine rich sequences. The McMillin group has made some dicationic porphyrins which are strictly intercalators but the lower positive charge decreases binding affinity to DNA. One chapter describes competitive binding studies involving a dicatonic porphyrin. Most of the thesis focuses on a new system described here which is H2TC3 , or (5,10,15,20-tetra[3-(3'-methylimidazolium-1'-yl)]porphyrin). By comparison with the classical H2T4 system, H2TC 3 exhibits a higher molar extinction coefficient but is more prone to self-association. Findings of note include that the copper(II)-containing form Cu(TC3) is adept at internalizing into single-stranded as well as B-form DNA, regardless of the base composition. Surprisingly, however, external binding of H2TC3 occurs within domains that are rich in adenine-thymine base pairs. The difference in the deformability of H 2TC3 vs. Cu(TC3) probably accounts for the reactivity difference. On the other hand, Zn(TC3) binds externally, as the metal center remains five coordinate. Finally, the thesis describes the palladium analogue Pd(TC3). It will be of interest because of the high yield of intersystem crossing and long lifetime of the resulting excited triplet state.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Synthesis and DNA-binding studies with two stericallyfriendly porphyrin frameworks"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["David R. McMillin","Mahdi Abu-Omar","Christopher Uyeda","Chengde Mao"],"dc:creator":["Ghimire, Srijana"],"dc:description.abstract":["Peripheral substituents on cationic porphyrins play a significant role during binding with DNA hosts. Possible applications of these systems in photodynamic therapy as well as in anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapies motivate the binding studies. For characterizing DNA binding motifs different methods are useful including absorption, emission, and circular dichroism spectroscopies, as well as viscometry and X-ray crystallography. With the classic H2 T4 porphyrin, or 5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin, the mode of binding varies with the base composition of the DNA host. The porphyrin binds adenine-thymine rich sequences externally whereas intercalation occurs in guanine-cytosine rich sequences. The McMillin group has made some dicationic porphyrins which are strictly intercalators but the lower positive charge decreases binding affinity to DNA. One chapter describes competitive binding studies involving a dicatonic porphyrin. Most of the thesis focuses on a new system described here which is H2TC3 , or (5,10,15,20-tetra[3-(3'-methylimidazolium-1'-yl)]porphyrin). By comparison with the classical H2T4 system, H2TC 3 exhibits a higher molar extinction coefficient but is more prone to self-association. Findings of note include that the copper(II)-containing form Cu(TC3) is adept at internalizing into single-stranded as well as B-form DNA, regardless of the base composition. Surprisingly, however, external binding of H2TC3 occurs within domains that are rich in adenine-thymine base pairs. The difference in the deformability of H 2TC3 vs. Cu(TC3) probably accounts for the reactivity difference. On the other hand, Zn(TC3) binds externally, as the metal center remains five coordinate. Finally, the thesis describes the palladium analogue Pd(TC3). It will be of interest because of the high yield of intersystem crossing and long lifetime of the resulting excited triplet state.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/270"],"dc:subject":["Biochemistry","Inorganic Chemistry"],"dc:title":["Synthesis and DNA-binding studies with two stericallyfriendly porphyrin frameworks"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemistry"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:53:28Z"}