This dissertation argues that a new paradigm of selfhood emerged in nineteenth-century British literature, one that recognized the individual will and environmental influence not as antithetical but as dialectical forces in the formation of the self. The concept of an externally negotiated subject challenges both the inward and socially determined conceptions of self that have dominated the relevant criticism. Informed by empiricist, associationist, and evolutionary theories of the mind, the portrayals of subject-formation in this study highlight the radical changes occurring in the human environment in nineteenth-century, which catalyzed the conception of a malleable yet self-forming subject. Along with the increased variability of the modern environment, the urban sphere afforded an array of cultural artifacts and spatial tools by which human subjects could shape their cognitive tendencies and affective states of being. With an emphasis on human adaptability and agency, nineteenth-century literature espouses the paradigm of environmental self-fashioning and develops a form of psychological realism predicated less on depictions of interiority than on increasingly sophisticated portrayals of mental and behavioral engagement with external conditions.
","abstract_html":"<p>This dissertation argues that a new paradigm of selfhood emerged in nineteenth-century British literature, one that recognized the individual will and environmental influence not as antithetical but as dialectical forces in the formation of the self. The concept of an externally negotiated subject challenges both the inward and socially determined conceptions of self that have dominated the relevant criticism. Informed by empiricist, associationist, and evolutionary theories of the mind, the portrayals of subject-formation in this study highlight the radical changes occurring in the human environment in nineteenth-century, which catalyzed the conception of a malleable yet self-forming subject. Along with the increased variability of the modern environment, the urban sphere afforded an array of cultural artifacts and spatial tools by which human subjects could shape their cognitive tendencies and affective states of being. With an emphasis on human adaptability and agency, nineteenth-century literature espouses the paradigm of environmental self-fashioning and develops a form of psychological realism predicated less on depictions of interiority than on increasingly sophisticated portrayals of mental and behavioral engagement with external conditions.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Watkins, Adam Edward"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"English","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dino Franco Felluga","Manushag Powell","Emily Allen","Ruth Livesey"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-10-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2013-10-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:53:11Z","subjects":["adaption","associationism","bildungsroman","british literature","environment","evolution","Environmental Sciences","Literature in English, British Isles"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/18","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dino Franco Felluga","Manushag Powell","Emily Allen","Ruth Livesey"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Watkins, Adam Edward"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["English"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["adaption","associationism","bildungsroman","british literature","environment","evolution","Environmental Sciences","Literature in English, British Isles"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/18"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This dissertation argues that a new paradigm of selfhood emerged in nineteenth-century British literature, one that recognized the individual will and environmental influence not as antithetical but as dialectical forces in the formation of the self. The concept of an externally negotiated subject challenges both the inward and socially determined conceptions of self that have dominated the relevant criticism. Informed by empiricist, associationist, and evolutionary theories of the mind, the portrayals of subject-formation in this study highlight the radical changes occurring in the human environment in nineteenth-century, which catalyzed the conception of a malleable yet self-forming subject. Along with the increased variability of the modern environment, the urban sphere afforded an array of cultural artifacts and spatial tools by which human subjects could shape their cognitive tendencies and affective states of being. With an emphasis on human adaptability and agency, nineteenth-century literature espouses the paradigm of environmental self-fashioning and develops a form of psychological realism predicated less on depictions of interiority than on increasingly sophisticated portrayals of mental and behavioral engagement with external conditions.
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