Residual momentum and investor sentiment on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)
Momentum has been described as the premier financial market anomaly (Fama & French, 2008), but styles based on this phenomenon tend to suffer intermittent crashes (Barroso & Santa-Clara, 2015). The study investigated a variation on momentum that considers only firm-specific returns, determined from the residual remaining after deducting returns attributable to common risk factors, when selecting portfolio constituents. This prevents concentrated exposure to common risk factors in any one portfolio. The method is known as residual momentum and has shown great promise to improve risk-related returns. Investor sentiment is another financial market phenomenon and is often explained by means of the same behavioural factors as momentum. The study also considered the effect of investor sentiment on momentum in order to document the effect on the JSE, to shed further light on the driving factors behind the phenomena, and to explore practical investment opportunities. Equally weighted conventional momentum and residual momentum portfolios were constructed from the largest 160 stocks on the JSE on a quarterly basis over the last 27 years in order to compare the styles' performances. In addition, momentum returns were compared across different sentiment states, defined based on the level of investor sentiment as proxied by a consumer confidence index orthogonalised to various macroeconomic variables. Residual momentum was found to provide better risk-adjusted returns than conventional momentum on the JSE. Investor sentiment showed an effect on momentum styles, with residual momentum most profitable following pessimistic formation periods and conventional momentum most profitable following non-pessimistic periods.
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