{"id":{"repo_id":"poli-torino","oai_identifier":"oai:iris.polito.it:11583/2970188"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/poli-torino/oai:iris.polito.it:11583/2970188","repository":{"repo_id":"poli-torino","name":"Politecnico di Torino","base_url":"https://iris.polito.it/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Siblings Overseas. Foundational landscape, law, land distribution, and urban form in 16th-century Spanish colonial cities. Three cases of new towns in Jaen (Spain), Nueva Granada (Colombia) and Cuyo (Argentina).","abstract":"The PhD project Siblings Overseas aims to contribute to the global urban history of Hispanic grid cities, building connections between practices, morphologies, and ideas from both shores of the Atlantic Ocean. This line of research has its precedent in the previous work Granada Des-Granada, published in Colombia in 2018 (Ed. Uniande9, which offered a survey on Muslim medinas and the evolution of Christian grid cities between the 11th and 15th centuries. Siblings Overseas takes over where Granada Des-Granada ended and focuses on grid cities founded in Spanish domains during the early modern period. After the first fortified settlements in the American coastline were created, the 16th century brought diverse transformations to Spanish colonial new towns both in the Iberian Peninsula, the Mediterranean, and the American frontier. Urban laws and foundational acts gained relevance, shifting the main urban efforts in America from fortified positions in the early 1500s to open grid cities in the 1530s. Despite the ample literature studied this phenomenon in America, its presence in Europe and the Mediterranean has received less attention. Spanish archives conserve original 16th-century settlement books and logs of several cities founded in the Iberian south and the former Andalusian frontier, which have been studied and transcribed by local historians who signaled their familiarity with their American sisters. No comparative analysis has been developed in this sense, keeping these \"Andalusian colonies\" away from international historiography. The objective of this dissertation is to present an in-depth comparative study of European and American urban plantation protocols, focusing on unfortified new towns whose foundational processes evolved during the 16th century. The general hypothesis is that Spanish practices for the plantation of cities in Europe and America present a set of shared aspects based on their common frame of laws, institutions, agents, and beliefs. These elements were in constant evolution in both shores of the Atlantic due to their dynamic socio-political situation. Their similarities and differences have been studied and evidenced through the analysis of primary written sources, historical cartographies, and detailed foundational records. The urban grid is the most visible of these cities’ traits, even an archetypical one; but it did not operate by itself. The evidence presented in Siblings Overseas show that there was no pre-established model for all these new towns around the global Spanish Empire, but a shared set of urban protocols organically applied in diverse contexts. The leading case of study in this project is the foundational process of four new towns in Sierra Sur de Jaen (Andalusia), which took place between 1508 and 1539 and includes the settlements of Mancha Real, Valdepeñas de Jaén, Los Villares, and Campillo de Arenas. Sierra Sur was the main friction point between the kingdoms of Jaen and Granada during the last centuries of the Reconquista, making it a strategic territory for colonization after the Granada War (1582-92). Available primary sources are mainly written documents: instructions for founding agents, judicial processes, lawsuits over land rights, independence privileges, etc. Only one of the four foundational plans survives but is well conserved and show with precision the layout of streets and the distribution of urban parcels. American cases include two cities, both influenced by urban principles stated in the Indies Laws. This legal body reunites edicts from the earliest 16th century until its publication in 1681, each with its respective date and ordering king/queen. Its analysis shows how Laws enacted by monarchs like the Catholic Kings, Juana I, Charles V, and Philip II recommend the same principles and rules for America as those applied in Sierra Sur. However, official records and foundational plans of most early Spanish colonial settlements have not survived. The oldest partition plan conserved of an American foundation is the one of Mendoza, first Spanish city in the province of Cuyo (1561-2), originally under the jurisdiction of Capitanía General de Chile and later included in the Viceroyalty of La Plata (Argentina). Mendoza was founded in two acts,with plans and written records conserved for each of them at the Archivo General de Indias (Seville). The second American case is Villa de Leyva in the Kingdom of New Granada (Colombia), firstly planted in 1572 and then moved in 1582. The foundational acts conserved for this city are some of the oldest in Colombia and South America. Villa de Leyva depended on Tunja's jurisdiction, forty kilometers away, in the same manner that Sierra Sur's new towns were under the authority of Jaen.","abstract_html":"The PhD project Siblings Overseas aims to contribute to the global urban history of Hispanic grid cities, building connections between practices, morphologies, and ideas from both shores of the Atlantic Ocean. This line of research has its precedent in the previous work Granada Des-Granada, published in Colombia in 2018 (Ed. Uniande9, which offered a survey on Muslim medinas and the evolution of Christian grid cities between the 11th and 15th centuries. Siblings Overseas takes over where Granada Des-Granada ended and focuses on grid cities founded in Spanish domains during the early modern period. After the first fortified settlements in the American coastline were created, the 16th century brought diverse transformations to Spanish colonial new towns both in the Iberian Peninsula, the Mediterranean, and the American frontier. Urban laws and foundational acts gained relevance, shifting the main urban efforts in America from fortified positions in the early 1500s to open grid cities in the 1530s. Despite the ample literature studied this phenomenon in America, its presence in Europe and the Mediterranean has received less attention. Spanish archives conserve original 16th-century settlement books and logs of several cities founded in the Iberian south and the former Andalusian frontier, which have been studied and transcribed by local historians who signaled their familiarity with their American sisters. No comparative analysis has been developed in this sense, keeping these "Andalusian colonies" away from international historiography. The objective of this dissertation is to present an in-depth comparative study of European and American urban plantation protocols, focusing on unfortified new towns whose foundational processes evolved during the 16th century. The general hypothesis is that Spanish practices for the plantation of cities in Europe and America present a set of shared aspects based on their common frame of laws, institutions, agents, and beliefs. These elements were in constant evolution in both shores of the Atlantic due to their dynamic socio-political situation. Their similarities and differences have been studied and evidenced through the analysis of primary written sources, historical cartographies, and detailed foundational records. The urban grid is the most visible of these cities’ traits, even an archetypical one; but it did not operate by itself. The evidence presented in Siblings Overseas show that there was no pre-established model for all these new towns around the global Spanish Empire, but a shared set of urban protocols organically applied in diverse contexts. The leading case of study in this project is the foundational process of four new towns in Sierra Sur de Jaen (Andalusia), which took place between 1508 and 1539 and includes the settlements of Mancha Real, Valdepeñas de Jaén, Los Villares, and Campillo de Arenas. Sierra Sur was the main friction point between the kingdoms of Jaen and Granada during the last centuries of the Reconquista, making it a strategic territory for colonization after the Granada War (1582-92). Available primary sources are mainly written documents: instructions for founding agents, judicial processes, lawsuits over land rights, independence privileges, etc. Only one of the four foundational plans survives but is well conserved and show with precision the layout of streets and the distribution of urban parcels. American cases include two cities, both influenced by urban principles stated in the Indies Laws. This legal body reunites edicts from the earliest 16th century until its publication in 1681, each with its respective date and ordering king/queen. Its analysis shows how Laws enacted by monarchs like the Catholic Kings, Juana I, Charles V, and Philip II recommend the same principles and rules for America as those applied in Sierra Sur. However, official records and foundational plans of most early Spanish colonial settlements have not survived. The oldest partition plan conserved of an American foundation is the one of Mendoza, first Spanish city in the province of Cuyo (1561-2), originally under the jurisdiction of Capitanía General de Chile and later included in the Viceroyalty of La Plata (Argentina). Mendoza was founded in two acts,with plans and written records conserved for each of them at the Archivo General de Indias (Seville). The second American case is Villa de Leyva in the Kingdom of New Granada (Colombia), firstly planted in 1572 and then moved in 1582. The foundational acts conserved for this city are some of the oldest in Colombia and South America. Villa de Leyva depended on Tunja's jurisdiction, forty kilometers away, in the same manner that Sierra Sur's new towns were under the authority of Jaen.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["SANCHEZ GARCIA, MANUEL"],"institution":"Politecnico di Torino","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["PACE, SERGIO"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-07-14","date_published":"2022-07-14","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:50:56Z","subjects":["Architectural History, Urban History, Colonial History, Law History, Spanish Empire, Early Modern History, Latin America, New Towns","Historia de la Arquitectura, Historia Urbana, Historia Colonial, Historia del Derecho, Imperio Español, Modernidad Temprana, América Latina, Nuevas Fundaciones","Settore ICAR/18 - Storia dell'Architettura"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess","license:Creative commons","license uri:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2970188","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["SANCHEZ GARCIA, Manuel","PACE, SERGIO"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["SANCHEZ GARCIA, MANUEL"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2022-07-14"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Politecnico di Torino","country:Italy"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["numberofpages:681"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Architectural History, Urban History, Colonial History, Law History, Spanish Empire, Early Modern History, Latin America, New Towns","Historia de la Arquitectura, Historia Urbana, Historia Colonial, Historia del Derecho, Imperio Español, Modernidad Temprana, América Latina, Nuevas Fundaciones","Settore ICAR/18 - Storia dell'Architettura"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess","license:Creative commons","license uri:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2970188"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The PhD project Siblings Overseas aims to contribute to the global urban history of Hispanic grid cities, building connections between practices, morphologies, and ideas from both shores of the Atlantic Ocean. This line of research has its precedent in the previous work Granada Des-Granada, published in Colombia in 2018 (Ed. Uniande9, which offered a survey on Muslim medinas and the evolution of Christian grid cities between the 11th and 15th centuries. Siblings Overseas takes over where Granada Des-Granada ended and focuses on grid cities founded in Spanish domains during the early modern period. After the first fortified settlements in the American coastline were created, the 16th century brought diverse transformations to Spanish colonial new towns both in the Iberian Peninsula, the Mediterranean, and the American frontier. Urban laws and foundational acts gained relevance, shifting the main urban efforts in America from fortified positions in the early 1500s to open grid cities in the 1530s. Despite the ample literature studied this phenomenon in America, its presence in Europe and the Mediterranean has received less attention. Spanish archives conserve original 16th-century settlement books and logs of several cities founded in the Iberian south and the former Andalusian frontier, which have been studied and transcribed by local historians who signaled their familiarity with their American sisters. No comparative analysis has been developed in this sense, keeping these \"Andalusian colonies\" away from international historiography. The objective of this dissertation is to present an in-depth comparative study of European and American urban plantation protocols, focusing on unfortified new towns whose foundational processes evolved during the 16th century. The general hypothesis is that Spanish practices for the plantation of cities in Europe and America present a set of shared aspects based on their common frame of laws, institutions, agents, and beliefs. These elements were in constant evolution in both shores of the Atlantic due to their dynamic socio-political situation. Their similarities and differences have been studied and evidenced through the analysis of primary written sources, historical cartographies, and detailed foundational records. The urban grid is the most visible of these cities’ traits, even an archetypical one; but it did not operate by itself. The evidence presented in Siblings Overseas show that there was no pre-established model for all these new towns around the global Spanish Empire, but a shared set of urban protocols organically applied in diverse contexts. The leading case of study in this project is the foundational process of four new towns in Sierra Sur de Jaen (Andalusia), which took place between 1508 and 1539 and includes the settlements of Mancha Real, Valdepeñas de Jaén, Los Villares, and Campillo de Arenas. Sierra Sur was the main friction point between the kingdoms of Jaen and Granada during the last centuries of the Reconquista, making it a strategic territory for colonization after the Granada War (1582-92). Available primary sources are mainly written documents: instructions for founding agents, judicial processes, lawsuits over land rights, independence privileges, etc. Only one of the four foundational plans survives but is well conserved and show with precision the layout of streets and the distribution of urban parcels. American cases include two cities, both influenced by urban principles stated in the Indies Laws. This legal body reunites edicts from the earliest 16th century until its publication in 1681, each with its respective date and ordering king/queen. Its analysis shows how Laws enacted by monarchs like the Catholic Kings, Juana I, Charles V, and Philip II recommend the same principles and rules for America as those applied in Sierra Sur. However, official records and foundational plans of most early Spanish colonial settlements have not survived. The oldest partition plan conserved of an American foundation is the one of Mendoza, first Spanish city in the province of Cuyo (1561-2), originally under the jurisdiction of Capitanía General de Chile and later included in the Viceroyalty of La Plata (Argentina). Mendoza was founded in two acts,with plans and written records conserved for each of them at the Archivo General de Indias (Seville). The second American case is Villa de Leyva in the Kingdom of New Granada (Colombia), firstly planted in 1572 and then moved in 1582. The foundational acts conserved for this city are some of the oldest in Colombia and South America. Villa de Leyva depended on Tunja's jurisdiction, forty kilometers away, in the same manner that Sierra Sur's new towns were under the authority of Jaen.","El Proyecto de doctorado Siblings Overseas tiene como objetivo contribuir a la historia urbana global de las ciudades hispanas en retícula, construyendo conexiones entre prácticas, morfologías e ideas provenientes de ambas orillas del océano Atlántico. Esta línea de trabajo tiene un precedente directo en el trabajo previo Granada Des-Granada, publicado en Colombia en 2018 (Ed. Uniandes), en donde se ofrecía una exploración del urbanismo de medina islámica y grilla cristiana en España entre los siglos XI y XV. Siblings Overseas toma el relevo donde Granada Des-Granada terminó, concentrándose en ciudades de trama ortogonal fundadas en reinos españoles durante la modernidad temprana. Tras la creación de los primeros asentamientos costeros fortificados en América, el siglo XVI trajo consigo diversas transformaciones urbanas en ciudades de tipo colonial creadas tanto en la Península Ibérica y el contexto mediterráneo como en la frontera americana. Leyes urbanas y actas fundacionales ganaron relevancia, redirigiendo los principales esfuerzos urbanos en América desde las posiciones fortificadas de principios de la década de 1500 a los asentamientos reticulares abiertos en la década de 1530. A pesar de la amplia literatura existente en cuanto al estudio de este fenómeno en América, su presencia en Europa y el Mediterráneo ha recibido mucha menos atención. Diversos archivos españoles conservan libros y registros de fundación originales de diversas ciudades del siglo XVI creadas en el sur ibérico y la antigua frontera andaluza, los cuales han sido estudiados transcritos y estudiados por historiadores locales que han señalado su familiaridad con sus “hermanas” americanas. Sin embargo, ningún análisis comparativo ha sido desarrollado en este sentido, manteniendo así a las fundaciones “coloniales” andaluzas del XVI apartadas de la historiografía internacional. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es presentar un estudio comparativo profundo entre protocolos de fundación de ciudades aplicados en Europa y América, concentrándose en ciudades de nueva planta no fortificadas cuyos procesos fundacionales se desarrollaron a lo largo del siglo XVI. La hipótesis general se basa en la idea de que las prácticas fundacionales españolas aplicadas en Europa y América presentan una serie de aspectos comunes basados en su marco legal compartido a nivel de leyes, instituciones, agentes y creencias, entre otros factores. A lo largo del siglo XVI, estos elementos experimentaron una evolución constante a ambos lados del Atlántico dada su divergente situación sociopolítica. Sus similitudes y diferencias han sido estudiadas y evidenciadas en este proyecto a través del análisis de fuentes escritas de carácter notarial, registros de procesos de fundación, así como mapas y cartografías históricas. La grilla urbana es la más visible de estas características comunes, incluso la más arquetípica, más sin embargo no operaba por si misma. La evidencia presentada en Siblings Overseas demuestra que no existía ningún modelo preestablecido para todas estas ciudades a lo largo del imperio español global, sino más bien una serie de protocolos urbanos comunes aplicados orgánicamente en contextos diversos que arrojaban, por tanto, resultados igualmente diversos. El caso de estudio principal de este proyecto es el proceso fundacional de cuatro ciudades de nueva planta en la Sierra Sur de Jaén (Andalucía) llevado a cabo entre 1508 y 1539 y que incluye las poblaciones de Mancha Real, Valdepeñas de Jaén, Los Villares y Campillo de Arenas. Sierra Sur había sido el principal punto de fricción entre los reinos de Jaén y Granada durante los últimos siglos de la Reconquista, haciendo de ella un territorio altamente estratégico de cara a ser colonizado tras la Guerra de Granada (1482-1492). Las fuentes primarias disponibles al respecto de este proceso fundacional son principalmente documentos escritos: instrucciones impuestas a los agentes fundadores, procesos judiciales, demandas sobre derechos de propiedad de la tierra, privilegios de independencia, etc. Sólo uno de los cuatro planos fundacionales de estas villas ha sobrevivido, si bien se encuentra bien conservado y muestra con precisión la distribución de vías y parcelas urbanas. El grupo de casos americanos incluidos en este trabajo consta principalmente de dos ciudades, ambas influenciadas por los principios urbanos recogidos más adelante en las llamadas Leyes de Indias. Este cuerpo legal reúne edictos y normas emitidas desde principios del siglo XVI hasta su compilación en 1681. En dicha edición, cada ley o norma incluye una nota indicativa de la fecha en que fue hecha oficial y el monarca a cargo de su firma. Su análisis muestra cómo las leyes aprobadas por reyes y reinas tales como los Reyes Católicos, Juana I, Carlos V o Felipe II recomendaba los mismos principios y reglas para América que ya se venían aplicando en la Sierra Sur. A pesar de la existencia de esta base legal común abundantemente documentada, casi ningún asentamiento colonial de primera generación en América conserva documentación de su fundación. El plan de repartimiento colonial americano más antiguo que se conserva es el de Mendoza (1561-2), la primera ciudad española en la provincia de Cuyo, originalmente en la jurisdicción de la Capitanía General de Chile y más adelante integrada en el Virreinato de La Plata con capital en Buenos Aires, hoy Argentina. Mendoza fue fundada a través de dos actas distintas, cada una con sus propios registros y planos conservados en el Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla. El segundo caso americano es Villa de Leyva, en el Reino de Nueva Granada (Colombia), fundada por primera vez en 1572 y más adelante desplazada a una nueva localización en 1582. Las actas de fundación que conserva esta ciudad son algunas de las más antiguas tanto de Colombia como de América Latina, con Mendoza como antecedente cercano en el tiempo más no en el espacio. Villa de Leyva dependía de la jurisdicción de Tunja, a cuarenta kilómetros de distancia, de un modo similar a como las nuevas fundaciones de la Sierra Sur dependían de la autoridad provincial en Jaén"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Siblings Overseas. Foundational landscape, law, land distribution, and urban form in 16th-century Spanish colonial cities. Three cases of new towns in Jaen (Spain), Nueva Granada (Colombia) and Cuyo (Argentina)."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["SANCHEZ GARCIA, Manuel","PACE, SERGIO"],"dc:creator":["SANCHEZ GARCIA, MANUEL"],"dc:date":["2022-07-14"],"dc:description":["The PhD project Siblings Overseas aims to contribute to the global urban history of Hispanic grid cities, building connections between practices, morphologies, and ideas from both shores of the Atlantic Ocean. This line of research has its precedent in the previous work Granada Des-Granada, published in Colombia in 2018 (Ed. Uniande9, which offered a survey on Muslim medinas and the evolution of Christian grid cities between the 11th and 15th centuries. Siblings Overseas takes over where Granada Des-Granada ended and focuses on grid cities founded in Spanish domains during the early modern period. After the first fortified settlements in the American coastline were created, the 16th century brought diverse transformations to Spanish colonial new towns both in the Iberian Peninsula, the Mediterranean, and the American frontier. Urban laws and foundational acts gained relevance, shifting the main urban efforts in America from fortified positions in the early 1500s to open grid cities in the 1530s. Despite the ample literature studied this phenomenon in America, its presence in Europe and the Mediterranean has received less attention. Spanish archives conserve original 16th-century settlement books and logs of several cities founded in the Iberian south and the former Andalusian frontier, which have been studied and transcribed by local historians who signaled their familiarity with their American sisters. No comparative analysis has been developed in this sense, keeping these \"Andalusian colonies\" away from international historiography. The objective of this dissertation is to present an in-depth comparative study of European and American urban plantation protocols, focusing on unfortified new towns whose foundational processes evolved during the 16th century. The general hypothesis is that Spanish practices for the plantation of cities in Europe and America present a set of shared aspects based on their common frame of laws, institutions, agents, and beliefs. These elements were in constant evolution in both shores of the Atlantic due to their dynamic socio-political situation. Their similarities and differences have been studied and evidenced through the analysis of primary written sources, historical cartographies, and detailed foundational records. The urban grid is the most visible of these cities’ traits, even an archetypical one; but it did not operate by itself. The evidence presented in Siblings Overseas show that there was no pre-established model for all these new towns around the global Spanish Empire, but a shared set of urban protocols organically applied in diverse contexts. The leading case of study in this project is the foundational process of four new towns in Sierra Sur de Jaen (Andalusia), which took place between 1508 and 1539 and includes the settlements of Mancha Real, Valdepeñas de Jaén, Los Villares, and Campillo de Arenas. Sierra Sur was the main friction point between the kingdoms of Jaen and Granada during the last centuries of the Reconquista, making it a strategic territory for colonization after the Granada War (1582-92). Available primary sources are mainly written documents: instructions for founding agents, judicial processes, lawsuits over land rights, independence privileges, etc. Only one of the four foundational plans survives but is well conserved and show with precision the layout of streets and the distribution of urban parcels. American cases include two cities, both influenced by urban principles stated in the Indies Laws. This legal body reunites edicts from the earliest 16th century until its publication in 1681, each with its respective date and ordering king/queen. Its analysis shows how Laws enacted by monarchs like the Catholic Kings, Juana I, Charles V, and Philip II recommend the same principles and rules for America as those applied in Sierra Sur. However, official records and foundational plans of most early Spanish colonial settlements have not survived. The oldest partition plan conserved of an American foundation is the one of Mendoza, first Spanish city in the province of Cuyo (1561-2), originally under the jurisdiction of Capitanía General de Chile and later included in the Viceroyalty of La Plata (Argentina). Mendoza was founded in two acts,with plans and written records conserved for each of them at the Archivo General de Indias (Seville). The second American case is Villa de Leyva in the Kingdom of New Granada (Colombia), firstly planted in 1572 and then moved in 1582. The foundational acts conserved for this city are some of the oldest in Colombia and South America. Villa de Leyva depended on Tunja's jurisdiction, forty kilometers away, in the same manner that Sierra Sur's new towns were under the authority of Jaen.","El Proyecto de doctorado Siblings Overseas tiene como objetivo contribuir a la historia urbana global de las ciudades hispanas en retícula, construyendo conexiones entre prácticas, morfologías e ideas provenientes de ambas orillas del océano Atlántico. Esta línea de trabajo tiene un precedente directo en el trabajo previo Granada Des-Granada, publicado en Colombia en 2018 (Ed. Uniandes), en donde se ofrecía una exploración del urbanismo de medina islámica y grilla cristiana en España entre los siglos XI y XV. Siblings Overseas toma el relevo donde Granada Des-Granada terminó, concentrándose en ciudades de trama ortogonal fundadas en reinos españoles durante la modernidad temprana. Tras la creación de los primeros asentamientos costeros fortificados en América, el siglo XVI trajo consigo diversas transformaciones urbanas en ciudades de tipo colonial creadas tanto en la Península Ibérica y el contexto mediterráneo como en la frontera americana. Leyes urbanas y actas fundacionales ganaron relevancia, redirigiendo los principales esfuerzos urbanos en América desde las posiciones fortificadas de principios de la década de 1500 a los asentamientos reticulares abiertos en la década de 1530. A pesar de la amplia literatura existente en cuanto al estudio de este fenómeno en América, su presencia en Europa y el Mediterráneo ha recibido mucha menos atención. Diversos archivos españoles conservan libros y registros de fundación originales de diversas ciudades del siglo XVI creadas en el sur ibérico y la antigua frontera andaluza, los cuales han sido estudiados transcritos y estudiados por historiadores locales que han señalado su familiaridad con sus “hermanas” americanas. Sin embargo, ningún análisis comparativo ha sido desarrollado en este sentido, manteniendo así a las fundaciones “coloniales” andaluzas del XVI apartadas de la historiografía internacional. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es presentar un estudio comparativo profundo entre protocolos de fundación de ciudades aplicados en Europa y América, concentrándose en ciudades de nueva planta no fortificadas cuyos procesos fundacionales se desarrollaron a lo largo del siglo XVI. La hipótesis general se basa en la idea de que las prácticas fundacionales españolas aplicadas en Europa y América presentan una serie de aspectos comunes basados en su marco legal compartido a nivel de leyes, instituciones, agentes y creencias, entre otros factores. A lo largo del siglo XVI, estos elementos experimentaron una evolución constante a ambos lados del Atlántico dada su divergente situación sociopolítica. Sus similitudes y diferencias han sido estudiadas y evidenciadas en este proyecto a través del análisis de fuentes escritas de carácter notarial, registros de procesos de fundación, así como mapas y cartografías históricas. La grilla urbana es la más visible de estas características comunes, incluso la más arquetípica, más sin embargo no operaba por si misma. La evidencia presentada en Siblings Overseas demuestra que no existía ningún modelo preestablecido para todas estas ciudades a lo largo del imperio español global, sino más bien una serie de protocolos urbanos comunes aplicados orgánicamente en contextos diversos que arrojaban, por tanto, resultados igualmente diversos. El caso de estudio principal de este proyecto es el proceso fundacional de cuatro ciudades de nueva planta en la Sierra Sur de Jaén (Andalucía) llevado a cabo entre 1508 y 1539 y que incluye las poblaciones de Mancha Real, Valdepeñas de Jaén, Los Villares y Campillo de Arenas. Sierra Sur había sido el principal punto de fricción entre los reinos de Jaén y Granada durante los últimos siglos de la Reconquista, haciendo de ella un territorio altamente estratégico de cara a ser colonizado tras la Guerra de Granada (1482-1492). Las fuentes primarias disponibles al respecto de este proceso fundacional son principalmente documentos escritos: instrucciones impuestas a los agentes fundadores, procesos judiciales, demandas sobre derechos de propiedad de la tierra, privilegios de independencia, etc. Sólo uno de los cuatro planos fundacionales de estas villas ha sobrevivido, si bien se encuentra bien conservado y muestra con precisión la distribución de vías y parcelas urbanas. El grupo de casos americanos incluidos en este trabajo consta principalmente de dos ciudades, ambas influenciadas por los principios urbanos recogidos más adelante en las llamadas Leyes de Indias. Este cuerpo legal reúne edictos y normas emitidas desde principios del siglo XVI hasta su compilación en 1681. En dicha edición, cada ley o norma incluye una nota indicativa de la fecha en que fue hecha oficial y el monarca a cargo de su firma. Su análisis muestra cómo las leyes aprobadas por reyes y reinas tales como los Reyes Católicos, Juana I, Carlos V o Felipe II recomendaba los mismos principios y reglas para América que ya se venían aplicando en la Sierra Sur. A pesar de la existencia de esta base legal común abundantemente documentada, casi ningún asentamiento colonial de primera generación en América conserva documentación de su fundación. El plan de repartimiento colonial americano más antiguo que se conserva es el de Mendoza (1561-2), la primera ciudad española en la provincia de Cuyo, originalmente en la jurisdicción de la Capitanía General de Chile y más adelante integrada en el Virreinato de La Plata con capital en Buenos Aires, hoy Argentina. Mendoza fue fundada a través de dos actas distintas, cada una con sus propios registros y planos conservados en el Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla. El segundo caso americano es Villa de Leyva, en el Reino de Nueva Granada (Colombia), fundada por primera vez en 1572 y más adelante desplazada a una nueva localización en 1582. Las actas de fundación que conserva esta ciudad son algunas de las más antiguas tanto de Colombia como de América Latina, con Mendoza como antecedente cercano en el tiempo más no en el espacio. Villa de Leyva dependía de la jurisdicción de Tunja, a cuarenta kilómetros de distancia, de un modo similar a como las nuevas fundaciones de la Sierra Sur dependían de la autoridad provincial en Jaén"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2970188"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Politecnico di Torino","country:Italy"],"dc:relation":["numberofpages:681"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess","license:Creative commons","license uri:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"],"dc:subject":["Architectural History, Urban History, Colonial History, Law History, Spanish Empire, Early Modern History, Latin America, New Towns","Historia de la Arquitectura, Historia Urbana, Historia Colonial, Historia del Derecho, Imperio Español, Modernidad Temprana, América Latina, Nuevas Fundaciones","Settore ICAR/18 - Storia dell'Architettura"],"dc:title":["Siblings Overseas. Foundational landscape, law, land distribution, and urban form in 16th-century Spanish colonial cities. Three cases of new towns in Jaen (Spain), Nueva Granada (Colombia) and Cuyo (Argentina)."],"dc:type":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:50:56Z"}