{"id":{"repo_id":"passau-thes","oai_identifier":"oai:kobv.de-opus4-uni-passau:2010"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/passau-thes/oai:kobv.de-opus4-uni-passau:2010","repository":{"repo_id":"passau-thes","name":"Universität Passau","base_url":"https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-uni-passau/oai"},"display":{"title":"Integrating physical unclonable functions from novel nanomaterials, circuit elements, and memory technologies into future hardware architectures","abstract":"Cryptographic keys are fundamental components for ensuring security in digital systems. To ensure reliable key generation and management, various technical concepts have been developed, primarily based on dedicated hardware components such as Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs). However, many modern systems, especially small resource-constrained devices, typically lack hardware support for secure key generation and management. To address these limitations, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have proven to be an effective solution for key generation, device authentication, and identification tasks. PUFs leverage inherent variations in hardware components to produce unique, device-specific keys. For a well-designed PUF, these keys can be reproduced reliably on the same device but are practically impossible to clone. Various types of PUFs exist, including those that exploit slight delay differences in circuits with symmetric paths. Others rely on physical characteristics of components already present in the computing system, such as SRAM or DRAM. However, many of these constructions rely on technologies that could be replaced by emerging ones in the future. Such a replacement may involve a transition from traditional memory technologies, such as SRAM, DRAM, and flash memory, to emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs), including Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), and Resistive RAM (ReRAM). These new technologies, in turn, necessitate innovative hardware security solutions for generating intrinsic hardware fingerprints, ensuring security for next-generation embedded devices. Furthermore, the integration of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, into processor architectures and the adoption of reconfigurable hardware platforms like Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) require the development of specifically tailored cybersecurity solutions. This dissertation aims to develop hardware-based security mechanisms for these types of devices by designing new PUF constructions and demonstrating their practical applications. One focus lies on PUFs extracted from nanomaterials and emerging circuit elements, particularly memristive devices and Carbon NanoTube Field-Effect Transistors (CNT-FETs). For memristive devices, which form the basis of ReRAM memory, this work analyzes methods ranging from simple binary quantization to advanced techniques exploiting device-specific response patterns. In the case of CNT-FETs, custom-fabricated wafers are developed to construct PUFs with optimal properties, such as high robustness, uniformity, and entropy, even under varying environmental conditions. These conditions include fluctuations in ambient temperature. Based on an analysis of fundamental system components, this work evaluates the feasibility of deriving PUFs from fully integrated circuits. A specific focus is placed on emerging non-volatile memory technologies, assessing their potential for PUF applications. To achieve PUF behavior in these memory devices, techniques such as intentional timing manipulation, induced bit flips through row hammering, and variations in supply voltage are examined. These resulting bit flips can be exploited as PUF responses. Additionally, transforming raw PUF responses into cryptographically usable keys and integrating specific PUFs into practical applications are core components of this work. The demonstrated practical applications include an innovative architecture for encrypting and binding data to non-volatile memory modules, implemented on Multiprocessor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs) incorporating FPGAs. This architecture enables the storage of confidential data on non-volatile memory while simultaneously using the same module as a PUF, without requiring separate memory partitions solely for the PUF functionality. Finally, practical applications of hardware fingerprints in the automotive sector are demonstrated, including an FPGA-based implementation to maintain security while preserving the temporal determinism of time-critical messages. These goals are met through the use of hardware-implemented cryptographic algorithms coupled with an FPGA-based ring oscillator PUF. To summarize, this work presents new types of PUF implementations, starting with nanomaterials and emerging circuit elements, extending to PUFs derived from integrated circuits, and demonstrates innovative solutions for their integration into MPSoC-based architectures.","abstract_html":"Cryptographic keys are fundamental components for ensuring security in digital systems. To ensure reliable key generation and management, various technical concepts have been developed, primarily based on dedicated hardware components such as Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs). However, many modern systems, especially small resource-constrained devices, typically lack hardware support for secure key generation and management. To address these limitations, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have proven to be an effective solution for key generation, device authentication, and identification tasks. PUFs leverage inherent variations in hardware components to produce unique, device-specific keys. For a well-designed PUF, these keys can be reproduced reliably on the same device but are practically impossible to clone. Various types of PUFs exist, including those that exploit slight delay differences in circuits with symmetric paths. Others rely on physical characteristics of components already present in the computing system, such as SRAM or DRAM. However, many of these constructions rely on technologies that could be replaced by emerging ones in the future. Such a replacement may involve a transition from traditional memory technologies, such as SRAM, DRAM, and flash memory, to emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs), including Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), and Resistive RAM (ReRAM). These new technologies, in turn, necessitate innovative hardware security solutions for generating intrinsic hardware fingerprints, ensuring security for next-generation embedded devices. Furthermore, the integration of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, into processor architectures and the adoption of reconfigurable hardware platforms like Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) require the development of specifically tailored cybersecurity solutions. This dissertation aims to develop hardware-based security mechanisms for these types of devices by designing new PUF constructions and demonstrating their practical applications. One focus lies on PUFs extracted from nanomaterials and emerging circuit elements, particularly memristive devices and Carbon NanoTube Field-Effect Transistors (CNT-FETs). For memristive devices, which form the basis of ReRAM memory, this work analyzes methods ranging from simple binary quantization to advanced techniques exploiting device-specific response patterns. In the case of CNT-FETs, custom-fabricated wafers are developed to construct PUFs with optimal properties, such as high robustness, uniformity, and entropy, even under varying environmental conditions. These conditions include fluctuations in ambient temperature. Based on an analysis of fundamental system components, this work evaluates the feasibility of deriving PUFs from fully integrated circuits. A specific focus is placed on emerging non-volatile memory technologies, assessing their potential for PUF applications. To achieve PUF behavior in these memory devices, techniques such as intentional timing manipulation, induced bit flips through row hammering, and variations in supply voltage are examined. These resulting bit flips can be exploited as PUF responses. Additionally, transforming raw PUF responses into cryptographically usable keys and integrating specific PUFs into practical applications are core components of this work. The demonstrated practical applications include an innovative architecture for encrypting and binding data to non-volatile memory modules, implemented on Multiprocessor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs) incorporating FPGAs. This architecture enables the storage of confidential data on non-volatile memory while simultaneously using the same module as a PUF, without requiring separate memory partitions solely for the PUF functionality. Finally, practical applications of hardware fingerprints in the automotive sector are demonstrated, including an FPGA-based implementation to maintain security while preserving the temporal determinism of time-critical messages. These goals are met through the use of hardware-implemented cryptographic algorithms coupled with an FPGA-based ring oscillator PUF. To summarize, this work presents new types of PUF implementations, starting with nanomaterials and emerging circuit elements, extending to PUFs derived from integrated circuits, and demonstrates innovative solutions for their integration into MPSoC-based architectures.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Frank, Florian"],"institution":"Universität Passau","degree_name":null,"degree_level":"thesis.doctoral","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Katzenbeisser, Stefan","Güneysu, Tim"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-12-18","date_published":"2025-12-18","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:45:12Z","subjects":["Physical Unclonable Functions","Hardware Security","Nanomaterials","Emerging Memory Technologies","FPGAs"],"languages":[],"rights":["Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-uni-passau/frontdoor/index/index/docId/2010","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"source_url"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Katzenbeisser, Stefan","Güneysu, Tim"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Frank, Florian"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Universität Passau"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["doctoralThesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["thesis.doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Universität Passau"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Physical Unclonable Functions","Hardware Security","Nanomaterials","Emerging Memory Technologies","FPGAs"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Cryptographic keys are fundamental components for ensuring security in digital systems. To ensure reliable key generation and management, various technical concepts have been developed, primarily based on dedicated hardware components such as Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs). However, many modern systems, especially small resource-constrained devices, typically lack hardware support for secure key generation and management. To address these limitations, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have proven to be an effective solution for key generation, device authentication, and identification tasks. PUFs leverage inherent variations in hardware components to produce unique, device-specific keys. For a well-designed PUF, these keys can be reproduced reliably on the same device but are practically impossible to clone. Various types of PUFs exist, including those that exploit slight delay differences in circuits with symmetric paths. Others rely on physical characteristics of components already present in the computing system, such as SRAM or DRAM. However, many of these constructions rely on technologies that could be replaced by emerging ones in the future. Such a replacement may involve a transition from traditional memory technologies, such as SRAM, DRAM, and flash memory, to emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs), including Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), and Resistive RAM (ReRAM). These new technologies, in turn, necessitate innovative hardware security solutions for generating intrinsic hardware fingerprints, ensuring security for next-generation embedded devices. Furthermore, the integration of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, into processor architectures and the adoption of reconfigurable hardware platforms like Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) require the development of specifically tailored cybersecurity solutions. This dissertation aims to develop hardware-based security mechanisms for these types of devices by designing new PUF constructions and demonstrating their practical applications. One focus lies on PUFs extracted from nanomaterials and emerging circuit elements, particularly memristive devices and Carbon NanoTube Field-Effect Transistors (CNT-FETs). For memristive devices, which form the basis of ReRAM memory, this work analyzes methods ranging from simple binary quantization to advanced techniques exploiting device-specific response patterns. In the case of CNT-FETs, custom-fabricated wafers are developed to construct PUFs with optimal properties, such as high robustness, uniformity, and entropy, even under varying environmental conditions. These conditions include fluctuations in ambient temperature. Based on an analysis of fundamental system components, this work evaluates the feasibility of deriving PUFs from fully integrated circuits. A specific focus is placed on emerging non-volatile memory technologies, assessing their potential for PUF applications. To achieve PUF behavior in these memory devices, techniques such as intentional timing manipulation, induced bit flips through row hammering, and variations in supply voltage are examined. These resulting bit flips can be exploited as PUF responses. Additionally, transforming raw PUF responses into cryptographically usable keys and integrating specific PUFs into practical applications are core components of this work. The demonstrated practical applications include an innovative architecture for encrypting and binding data to non-volatile memory modules, implemented on Multiprocessor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs) incorporating FPGAs. This architecture enables the storage of confidential data on non-volatile memory while simultaneously using the same module as a PUF, without requiring separate memory partitions solely for the PUF functionality. Finally, practical applications of hardware fingerprints in the automotive sector are demonstrated, including an FPGA-based implementation to maintain security while preserving the temporal determinism of time-critical messages. These goals are met through the use of hardware-implemented cryptographic algorithms coupled with an FPGA-based ring oscillator PUF. To summarize, this work presents new types of PUF implementations, starting with nanomaterials and emerging circuit elements, extending to PUFs derived from integrated circuits, and demonstrates innovative solutions for their integration into MPSoC-based architectures.","Kryptografische Schlüssel bilden die Grundlage nahezu aller Verfahren zur Gewährleistung der IT-Sicherheit in digitalen Systemen. Um deren Generierung und Verwaltung zuverlässig zu ermöglichen, wurden verschiedene technische Konzepte entwickelt, allen voran dedizierte Hardware-Komponenten wie Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs). Ein Nachteil solcher Konzepte ist jedoch, dass diese Module nicht in allen Systemen integrierbar sind, weshalb Mikrocontroller in kleinen eingebetteten Systemen häufig keine Unterstützung für hardwaregestützte Schlüsselverwaltung bieten. Um dennoch eine sichere Kommunikation zu gewährleisten, haben sich kryptografische Schlüssel, die aus sogenannten Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) abgeleitet werden, als effektive Lösung bewährt. PUFs nutzen hardwarebedingte physikalische Abweichungen, die häufig durch den Produktionsprozess verursacht werden, um daraus einen unklonbaren, gerätespezifischen kryptografischen Schlüssel zu erzeugen. Ein Beispiel sind verzögerungsbasierte PUFs, die minimale Signalverzögerungen aufgrund geringfügiger Abweichungen in den Leitungslängen sowie weiteren elektrischen Parametern nutzen, um eine unklonbare, gerätegebundene Charakteristik zu extrahieren. Des Weiteren haben sich PUFs, die auf bereits in einem Rechensystem vorhandenen Hardwarekomponenten wie DRAM oder SRAM basieren, als kostengünstige Möglichkeit eines Hardware-Sicherheitsankers erwiesen. Der Großteil der derzeit verfügbaren PUF-Implementierungen basiert jedoch nahezu ausschließlich auf älterer Hardware, wie den oben erwähnten Speichertechnologien. In Zukunft könnten diese jedoch durch neuartige nichtflüchtige Speichertechnologien, insbesondere Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) und Resistive RAM (ReRAM), ersetzt werden. Bei diesen Technologien besteht ebenfalls die Notwendigkeit zur Ableitung von kryptografisch sicheren Schlüsseln, um den Schutz zukünftiger eingebetteter Systeme zu gewährleisten. Weitere zukunftsgerichtete Entwicklungen werden die Integration von Nanomaterialien, beispielsweise in Prozessoren, sowie der vermehrte Einsatz neuer Hardwarearchitekturen, wie etwa solcher auf Basis von Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), umfassen. Diese Dissertation hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, diese Probleme zu adressieren. Sie umfasst die Entwicklung und Analyse verschiedener Arten neuartiger PUFs sowie deren Integration in praktische Anwendungen. Zunächst wird eine Analyse bestimmter Nanomaterialien durchgeführt, insbesondere die Untersuchung neuartiger, auf Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen basierender Feldeffekttransistoren. Hierfür wurden speziell gefertigte Siliziumwafer entwickelt, um PUFs mit optimalen Eigenschaften wie hoher Robustheit, Uniqueness und Entropie zu realisieren. Dies soll selbst unter variierenden Umgebungsbedingungen, einschließlich Schwankungen der Umgebungstemperatur, gewährleistet werden. Darüber hinaus wird das Verhalten von memristiven Bauelementen, den Basiselementen von ReRAM Modulen, im Hinblick auf mögliche PUF-Implementierungen untersucht. Dabei werden Lösungen zur binären Klassifikation entwickelt und spezifische Response-Pattern beim Anlegen verschiedener elektrischer Signale untersucht. Im nächsten Schritt wurde die Erzeugung von PUFs in integrierten Schaltkreisen betrachtet, insbesondere in den oben genannten nichtflüchtigen Speichern. Hierzu werden Methoden genutzt, die sich bereits bei älteren Speichermodulen als erfolgreich erwiesen haben. Dazu gehören unter anderem die Variation der Versorgungsspannung, das absichtliche Unterschreiten der Zugriffszeiten sowie das Erzeugen von Bit-Flips mittels Row Hammering. Im letzten Teil dieser Dissertation wird die Integration verschiedener PUFs in praktische Anwendungen untersucht. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine FPGA-basierte Architektur entwickelt, die unter Verwendung von intrinsischen speicherbasierten PUFs das Speichermodul gleichzeitig zum Ablegen vertraulicher Daten nutzt und diese Daten zusätzlich durch einen vom gleichen Modul abgeleiteten Schlüssel an dieses bindet. Dies ist möglich, ohne zusätzlichen Speicherplatz für die PUF-Erzeugung zu reservieren. Ein weiterer praktischer Anwendungsfall im Automotive-Kontext wird demonstriert. Hier wird ebenfalls eine FPGA-basierte Lösung vorgestellt, die Authentizität und Integrität im Fahrzeug gewährleistet und gleichzeitig den zeitlichen Determinismus der Kommunikation im Fahrzeug bewahrt. Dies wird durch den Einsatz hardwaregestützter kryptografischer Algorithmen in Verbindung mit einem FPGA-basierten Ring-Oszillator-PUF erreicht. Zusammenfassend stellt diese Arbeit neuartige PUF-Implementierungen vor, die auf Konstruktionen mit Nanomaterialien und innovativen Schaltungselementen basieren. Aufbauend darauf werden Methoden zur Extraktion von PUFs aus neuartigen nichtflüchtigen Speichertechnologien untersucht. Abschließend werden praxisnahe, innovative Anwendungen auf MPSoC-Plattformen vorgestellt, die den Einsatz von PUFs demonstrieren."]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Integrating physical unclonable functions from novel nanomaterials, circuit elements, and memory technologies into future hardware architectures"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Katzenbeisser, Stefan","Güneysu, Tim"],"dc:creator":["Frank, Florian"],"dc:description.abstract":["Cryptographic keys are fundamental components for ensuring security in digital systems. To ensure reliable key generation and management, various technical concepts have been developed, primarily based on dedicated hardware components such as Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs). However, many modern systems, especially small resource-constrained devices, typically lack hardware support for secure key generation and management. To address these limitations, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have proven to be an effective solution for key generation, device authentication, and identification tasks. PUFs leverage inherent variations in hardware components to produce unique, device-specific keys. For a well-designed PUF, these keys can be reproduced reliably on the same device but are practically impossible to clone. Various types of PUFs exist, including those that exploit slight delay differences in circuits with symmetric paths. Others rely on physical characteristics of components already present in the computing system, such as SRAM or DRAM. However, many of these constructions rely on technologies that could be replaced by emerging ones in the future. Such a replacement may involve a transition from traditional memory technologies, such as SRAM, DRAM, and flash memory, to emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs), including Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), and Resistive RAM (ReRAM). These new technologies, in turn, necessitate innovative hardware security solutions for generating intrinsic hardware fingerprints, ensuring security for next-generation embedded devices. Furthermore, the integration of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, into processor architectures and the adoption of reconfigurable hardware platforms like Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) require the development of specifically tailored cybersecurity solutions. This dissertation aims to develop hardware-based security mechanisms for these types of devices by designing new PUF constructions and demonstrating their practical applications. One focus lies on PUFs extracted from nanomaterials and emerging circuit elements, particularly memristive devices and Carbon NanoTube Field-Effect Transistors (CNT-FETs). For memristive devices, which form the basis of ReRAM memory, this work analyzes methods ranging from simple binary quantization to advanced techniques exploiting device-specific response patterns. In the case of CNT-FETs, custom-fabricated wafers are developed to construct PUFs with optimal properties, such as high robustness, uniformity, and entropy, even under varying environmental conditions. These conditions include fluctuations in ambient temperature. Based on an analysis of fundamental system components, this work evaluates the feasibility of deriving PUFs from fully integrated circuits. A specific focus is placed on emerging non-volatile memory technologies, assessing their potential for PUF applications. To achieve PUF behavior in these memory devices, techniques such as intentional timing manipulation, induced bit flips through row hammering, and variations in supply voltage are examined. These resulting bit flips can be exploited as PUF responses. Additionally, transforming raw PUF responses into cryptographically usable keys and integrating specific PUFs into practical applications are core components of this work. The demonstrated practical applications include an innovative architecture for encrypting and binding data to non-volatile memory modules, implemented on Multiprocessor System-on-Chips (MPSoCs) incorporating FPGAs. This architecture enables the storage of confidential data on non-volatile memory while simultaneously using the same module as a PUF, without requiring separate memory partitions solely for the PUF functionality. Finally, practical applications of hardware fingerprints in the automotive sector are demonstrated, including an FPGA-based implementation to maintain security while preserving the temporal determinism of time-critical messages. These goals are met through the use of hardware-implemented cryptographic algorithms coupled with an FPGA-based ring oscillator PUF. To summarize, this work presents new types of PUF implementations, starting with nanomaterials and emerging circuit elements, extending to PUFs derived from integrated circuits, and demonstrates innovative solutions for their integration into MPSoC-based architectures.","Kryptografische Schlüssel bilden die Grundlage nahezu aller Verfahren zur Gewährleistung der IT-Sicherheit in digitalen Systemen. Um deren Generierung und Verwaltung zuverlässig zu ermöglichen, wurden verschiedene technische Konzepte entwickelt, allen voran dedizierte Hardware-Komponenten wie Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs). Ein Nachteil solcher Konzepte ist jedoch, dass diese Module nicht in allen Systemen integrierbar sind, weshalb Mikrocontroller in kleinen eingebetteten Systemen häufig keine Unterstützung für hardwaregestützte Schlüsselverwaltung bieten. Um dennoch eine sichere Kommunikation zu gewährleisten, haben sich kryptografische Schlüssel, die aus sogenannten Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) abgeleitet werden, als effektive Lösung bewährt. PUFs nutzen hardwarebedingte physikalische Abweichungen, die häufig durch den Produktionsprozess verursacht werden, um daraus einen unklonbaren, gerätespezifischen kryptografischen Schlüssel zu erzeugen. Ein Beispiel sind verzögerungsbasierte PUFs, die minimale Signalverzögerungen aufgrund geringfügiger Abweichungen in den Leitungslängen sowie weiteren elektrischen Parametern nutzen, um eine unklonbare, gerätegebundene Charakteristik zu extrahieren. Des Weiteren haben sich PUFs, die auf bereits in einem Rechensystem vorhandenen Hardwarekomponenten wie DRAM oder SRAM basieren, als kostengünstige Möglichkeit eines Hardware-Sicherheitsankers erwiesen. Der Großteil der derzeit verfügbaren PUF-Implementierungen basiert jedoch nahezu ausschließlich auf älterer Hardware, wie den oben erwähnten Speichertechnologien. In Zukunft könnten diese jedoch durch neuartige nichtflüchtige Speichertechnologien, insbesondere Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) und Resistive RAM (ReRAM), ersetzt werden. Bei diesen Technologien besteht ebenfalls die Notwendigkeit zur Ableitung von kryptografisch sicheren Schlüsseln, um den Schutz zukünftiger eingebetteter Systeme zu gewährleisten. Weitere zukunftsgerichtete Entwicklungen werden die Integration von Nanomaterialien, beispielsweise in Prozessoren, sowie der vermehrte Einsatz neuer Hardwarearchitekturen, wie etwa solcher auf Basis von Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), umfassen. Diese Dissertation hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, diese Probleme zu adressieren. Sie umfasst die Entwicklung und Analyse verschiedener Arten neuartiger PUFs sowie deren Integration in praktische Anwendungen. Zunächst wird eine Analyse bestimmter Nanomaterialien durchgeführt, insbesondere die Untersuchung neuartiger, auf Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen basierender Feldeffekttransistoren. Hierfür wurden speziell gefertigte Siliziumwafer entwickelt, um PUFs mit optimalen Eigenschaften wie hoher Robustheit, Uniqueness und Entropie zu realisieren. Dies soll selbst unter variierenden Umgebungsbedingungen, einschließlich Schwankungen der Umgebungstemperatur, gewährleistet werden. Darüber hinaus wird das Verhalten von memristiven Bauelementen, den Basiselementen von ReRAM Modulen, im Hinblick auf mögliche PUF-Implementierungen untersucht. Dabei werden Lösungen zur binären Klassifikation entwickelt und spezifische Response-Pattern beim Anlegen verschiedener elektrischer Signale untersucht. Im nächsten Schritt wurde die Erzeugung von PUFs in integrierten Schaltkreisen betrachtet, insbesondere in den oben genannten nichtflüchtigen Speichern. Hierzu werden Methoden genutzt, die sich bereits bei älteren Speichermodulen als erfolgreich erwiesen haben. Dazu gehören unter anderem die Variation der Versorgungsspannung, das absichtliche Unterschreiten der Zugriffszeiten sowie das Erzeugen von Bit-Flips mittels Row Hammering. Im letzten Teil dieser Dissertation wird die Integration verschiedener PUFs in praktische Anwendungen untersucht. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine FPGA-basierte Architektur entwickelt, die unter Verwendung von intrinsischen speicherbasierten PUFs das Speichermodul gleichzeitig zum Ablegen vertraulicher Daten nutzt und diese Daten zusätzlich durch einen vom gleichen Modul abgeleiteten Schlüssel an dieses bindet. Dies ist möglich, ohne zusätzlichen Speicherplatz für die PUF-Erzeugung zu reservieren. Ein weiterer praktischer Anwendungsfall im Automotive-Kontext wird demonstriert. Hier wird ebenfalls eine FPGA-basierte Lösung vorgestellt, die Authentizität und Integrität im Fahrzeug gewährleistet und gleichzeitig den zeitlichen Determinismus der Kommunikation im Fahrzeug bewahrt. Dies wird durch den Einsatz hardwaregestützter kryptografischer Algorithmen in Verbindung mit einem FPGA-basierten Ring-Oszillator-PUF erreicht. Zusammenfassend stellt diese Arbeit neuartige PUF-Implementierungen vor, die auf Konstruktionen mit Nanomaterialien und innovativen Schaltungselementen basieren. Aufbauend darauf werden Methoden zur Extraktion von PUFs aus neuartigen nichtflüchtigen Speichertechnologien untersucht. Abschließend werden praxisnahe, innovative Anwendungen auf MPSoC-Plattformen vorgestellt, die den Einsatz von PUFs demonstrieren."],"dc:format.medium":["application/pdf"],"dc:publisher":["Universität Passau"],"dc:rights":["Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International"],"dc:subject":["Physical Unclonable Functions","Hardware Security","Nanomaterials","Emerging Memory Technologies","FPGAs"],"dc:title":["Integrating physical unclonable functions from novel nanomaterials, circuit elements, and memory technologies into future hardware architectures"],"dc:type":["doctoralThesis"],"thesis:degree_level":["thesis.doctoral"],"thesis:institution_name":["Universität Passau"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:45:12Z"}