Prevalence of Enteric Bacteria Associated with Diarrhea in Children Less than Five Years of Age and Their Sensitivity to Antibiotics in Unguja Island- Zanzibar
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of enteric pathogenic bacteria associated with diarrhoea in children less than five years of age and their sensitivity to antibiotics in Unguja Island- Zanzibar. The prevalence of pathogenic enteric bacteria were isolated and indentified by convectional method and Antimicrobial resistance by Kirbeur method while Qustionnaire were used to identify the associated factors for bacteria diarrhoea and antibiotic resistance. The common pathogenic enteric bacteria were Shigella compare to Salmonella, Pathogenic E.coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Prevalence by spatial of enteric bacteria was high in urban than rural areas and rainy seasons reported high prevalence of enteric bacteria compare to dry seasons. The children at the age between 7months to 2 years old were at high risk to be infected with enteric pathogenic bacteria than any other age groups. The pathogenic enteric bacteria were more resistance to sulfamethoxazole/ Trimethoprim, Erythromycin, tetracycline and Ciproflaxin compare to Gentamycine, and Chloromphenicol and Ampicilline. Poor hygienic and sanitary practices by mothers and poor immunity of children were among of the associated factors for diarrhoea in children and lack of awareness to antibiotics resistance to community was among of the factors associated with microbial antibiotic resistance in Zanzibar. The Shigella was predominant enteric pathogenic bacteria caused diarrhoea to less than five years children. Isolated enteric pathogenic bacteria were more resistant to common used antibiotics for treatment of diarrhoaea to less than five years children in Zanzibar. Improvements of hygienic and sanitary practices to community particularly in rainy seasons could reduce the diarrhoea incidence. Zanzibar standard treatment guideline should be reviewed.
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