This study explored the effects of professional socialization factors (i.e. number of career counseling classes; faculty, supervisor, and peer attitude; training/client experience; level of importance of career counseling; perceived difficulty level of career counseling) on counselor trainees’ levels of self-efficacy and interest in career counseling.
Participants completed the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (O’Brien et al., 1997) and two additional measurements developed by the researcher: First, an interest assessment which was developed by modifying the CCSES to capture interest versus self-efficacy and the second, the Counseling Student Survey to measure professional socialization factors.
Eighty one graduate counseling students from two CACREP-accredited counseling programs from two Midwestern universities participated in this study and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions to test the effects of professional socialization factors on career counseling self-efficacy and interest. Participants completed the Counseling Student Survey, the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (CCSES), and a modified version of the CCSES to measure interest.
Linear regression analyses yielded a positive significant relationship between interest and participants’ view of importance of career development knowledge when working with clients. A negative significant relationship was found between interest and how participants viewed the difficulty level of career counseling compared to mental health counseling. There was no relationship among professional socialization factors and self-efficacy. However, a correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive significant relationship between interest and self-efficacy. The limitations of this study, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.
","abstract_html":"<p>This study explored the effects of professional socialization factors (i.e. number of career counseling classes; faculty, supervisor, and peer attitude; training/client experience; level of importance of career counseling; perceived difficulty level of career counseling) on counselor trainees’ levels of self-efficacy and interest in career counseling.</p><p>Participants completed the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (O’Brien et al., 1997) and two additional measurements developed by the researcher: First, an interest assessment which was developed by modifying the CCSES to capture interest versus self-efficacy and the second, the Counseling Student Survey to measure professional socialization factors.</p><p>Eighty one graduate counseling students from two CACREP-accredited counseling programs from two Midwestern universities participated in this study and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions to test the effects of professional socialization factors on career counseling self-efficacy and interest. Participants completed the Counseling Student Survey, the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (CCSES), and a modified version of the CCSES to measure interest.</p><p>Linear regression analyses yielded a positive significant relationship between interest and participants’ view of importance of career development knowledge when working with clients. A negative significant relationship was found between interest and how participants viewed the difficulty level of career counseling compared to mental health counseling. There was no relationship among professional socialization factors and self-efficacy. However, a correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive significant relationship between interest and self-efficacy. The limitations of this study, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Gilliam, Kimberly A."],"institution":"University of Cincinnati","degree_name":"EdD","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":"Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services: Counselor Education","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Tang, Mei"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012","date_published":"2012","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:36:23Z","subjects":["Counseling Psychology","career counseling","career counseling interest","career counseling self-efficacy","professional socialization for counselor education"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353088238","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Tang, Mei"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Gilliam, Kimberly A."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2012"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services: Counselor Education"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["EdD"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Cincinnati"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Counseling Psychology","career counseling","career counseling interest","career counseling self-efficacy","professional socialization for counselor education"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353088238"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["This study explored the effects of professional socialization factors (i.e. number of career counseling classes; faculty, supervisor, and peer attitude; training/client experience; level of importance of career counseling; perceived difficulty level of career counseling) on counselor trainees’ levels of self-efficacy and interest in career counseling.
Participants completed the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (O’Brien et al., 1997) and two additional measurements developed by the researcher: First, an interest assessment which was developed by modifying the CCSES to capture interest versus self-efficacy and the second, the Counseling Student Survey to measure professional socialization factors.
Eighty one graduate counseling students from two CACREP-accredited counseling programs from two Midwestern universities participated in this study and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions to test the effects of professional socialization factors on career counseling self-efficacy and interest. Participants completed the Counseling Student Survey, the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (CCSES), and a modified version of the CCSES to measure interest.
Linear regression analyses yielded a positive significant relationship between interest and participants’ view of importance of career development knowledge when working with clients. A negative significant relationship was found between interest and how participants viewed the difficulty level of career counseling compared to mental health counseling. There was no relationship among professional socialization factors and self-efficacy. However, a correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive significant relationship between interest and self-efficacy. The limitations of this study, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.
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Participants completed the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (O’Brien et al., 1997) and two additional measurements developed by the researcher: First, an interest assessment which was developed by modifying the CCSES to capture interest versus self-efficacy and the second, the Counseling Student Survey to measure professional socialization factors.
Eighty one graduate counseling students from two CACREP-accredited counseling programs from two Midwestern universities participated in this study and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions to test the effects of professional socialization factors on career counseling self-efficacy and interest. Participants completed the Counseling Student Survey, the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (CCSES), and a modified version of the CCSES to measure interest.
Linear regression analyses yielded a positive significant relationship between interest and participants’ view of importance of career development knowledge when working with clients. A negative significant relationship was found between interest and how participants viewed the difficulty level of career counseling compared to mental health counseling. There was no relationship among professional socialization factors and self-efficacy. However, a correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive significant relationship between interest and self-efficacy. The limitations of this study, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.
"],"dc:format":["application/pdf","p.106","890.1 KB"],"dc:identifier":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353088238"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:publisher":["University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK"],"dc:rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"dc:subject":["Counseling Psychology","career counseling","career counseling interest","career counseling self-efficacy","professional socialization for counselor education"],"dc:title":["Effects of Professional Socialization Factors on Career Counseling Self-Efficacy and Interest"],"dc:type":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services: Counselor Education"],"thesis:degree_level":["doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["EdD"],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Cincinnati"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:36:23Z"}