{"id":{"repo_id":"ohiolink","oai_identifier":"oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:toledo1364471334"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/ohiolink/oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:toledo1364471334","repository":{"repo_id":"ohiolink","name":"OhioLINK","base_url":"https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/oai/oai"},"display":{"title":"The Immediate Effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback on Corticomotor Excitability of the Quadriceps in Healthy Individuals","abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the immediate effects of a single bout of electromyographic biofeedback on corticomotor excitability in healthy individuals. Design: A cross- over study with a one-week period between each testing session was conducted in a laboratory setting. Participants: Twelve participants (6 male, 6 female; 21.41 ± 4.41 years; 172.82 ± 11.23 cm; 72.58 ± 15.77 kg). Procedure: Participants were position in the Biodex System 2 dynamometer to measure maximal voluntary force to establish a baseline MVIC value for each testing session. Submaximal contractions at five percent of this maximal contraction were used to standardize voluntary contraction during corticomotor testing. A Magstim Rapid was used to administer transcranial magnetic stimulation to the motor cortex to measure corticomotor excitability. Active motor threshold (AMT) was established as the lowest intensityrequired to elicit a motor evoked potential (MEP) of =100µV amplitude in at least 5 of 10 trials. Five MEPs were collected at AMT. The participants then performed a MVIC of the quadriceps. When maximal effort plateaued a stimulus was given and the MEP peak-to-peak amplitude was recorded for analysis. This was performed for 5 consecutive trials with 60 seconds of rest between each MVIC. During the electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) testing session a Myotrac Infinity handheld biofeedback unit was used to monitor electrical activity of the vastuslateralis. A target line was established on the biofeedback unit at 110% of their peak EMG values. Participants performed a MVIC while using EMG-BF. When maximal effort plateaued, magnetic stimulus was produced over the motor cortex and the quadriceps MEP peak-to-peak amplitude was recorded for analysis. This was performed for 5 consecutive trials with 60 seconds of rest between each MVIC. Maximum muscle response (Mmax) was recorded and used to normalize MEP. Statistics: Significance determined using dependent t-tests between thechanges in MEP amplitude during the control and EMG-BF sessions (p< 0.05). Cohen’s d effect sizes with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: The percent change scores for MEP amplitude at AMT were significantly greater in the biofeedback condition compared to the control (t 11 = -2.308, p= .041). Large effect sizes were found for both the control (d= 3.92, 95% CI = 2.45-5.12), and biofeedback condition, (d= 2.77, 95% CI =1.58- 3.78). A moderate effect size was found between the two conditions, (d= 0.62, 95% CI= -0.22- 1.42). Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that a single bout of EMG-BF can be used to increase corticomotor excitability in healthy individuals.","abstract_html":"Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the immediate effects of a single bout of electromyographic biofeedback on corticomotor excitability in healthy individuals. Design: A cross- over study with a one-week period between each testing session was conducted in a laboratory setting. Participants: Twelve participants (6 male, 6 female; 21.41 ± 4.41 years; 172.82 ± 11.23 cm; 72.58 ± 15.77 kg). Procedure: Participants were position in the Biodex System 2 dynamometer to measure maximal voluntary force to establish a baseline MVIC value for each testing session. Submaximal contractions at five percent of this maximal contraction were used to standardize voluntary contraction during corticomotor testing. A Magstim Rapid was used to administer transcranial magnetic stimulation to the motor cortex to measure corticomotor excitability. Active motor threshold (AMT) was established as the lowest intensityrequired to elicit a motor evoked potential (MEP) of =100µV amplitude in at least 5 of 10 trials. Five MEPs were collected at AMT. The participants then performed a MVIC of the quadriceps. When maximal effort plateaued a stimulus was given and the MEP peak-to-peak amplitude was recorded for analysis. This was performed for 5 consecutive trials with 60 seconds of rest between each MVIC. During the electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) testing session a Myotrac Infinity handheld biofeedback unit was used to monitor electrical activity of the vastuslateralis. A target line was established on the biofeedback unit at 110% of their peak EMG values. Participants performed a MVIC while using EMG-BF. When maximal effort plateaued, magnetic stimulus was produced over the motor cortex and the quadriceps MEP peak-to-peak amplitude was recorded for analysis. This was performed for 5 consecutive trials with 60 seconds of rest between each MVIC. Maximum muscle response (Mmax) was recorded and used to normalize MEP. Statistics: Significance determined using dependent t-tests between thechanges in MEP amplitude during the control and EMG-BF sessions (p&lt; 0.05). Cohen’s d effect sizes with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: The percent change scores for MEP amplitude at AMT were significantly greater in the biofeedback condition compared to the control (t 11 = -2.308, p= .041). Large effect sizes were found for both the control (d= 3.92, 95% CI = 2.45-5.12), and biofeedback condition, (d= 2.77, 95% CI =1.58- 3.78). A moderate effect size was found between the two conditions, (d= 0.62, 95% CI= -0.22- 1.42). Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that a single bout of EMG-BF can be used to increase corticomotor excitability in healthy individuals.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Florea , David, II"],"institution":"University of Toledo","degree_name":"Master of Science in Exercise Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Exercise Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Pietrosimone, Brian"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-08-22","date_published":"2013-08-22","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:37:16Z","subjects":["Kinesiology"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1364471334","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Pietrosimone, Brian"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Florea , David, II"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2013-08-22"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Toledo / OhioLINK"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Exercise Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Exercise Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Toledo"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Kinesiology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1364471334"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the immediate effects of a single bout of electromyographic biofeedback on corticomotor excitability in healthy individuals. Design: A cross- over study with a one-week period between each testing session was conducted in a laboratory setting. Participants: Twelve participants (6 male, 6 female; 21.41 ± 4.41 years; 172.82 ± 11.23 cm; 72.58 ± 15.77 kg). Procedure: Participants were position in the Biodex System 2 dynamometer to measure maximal voluntary force to establish a baseline MVIC value for each testing session. Submaximal contractions at five percent of this maximal contraction were used to standardize voluntary contraction during corticomotor testing. A Magstim Rapid was used to administer transcranial magnetic stimulation to the motor cortex to measure corticomotor excitability. Active motor threshold (AMT) was established as the lowest intensityrequired to elicit a motor evoked potential (MEP) of =100µV amplitude in at least 5 of 10 trials. Five MEPs were collected at AMT. The participants then performed a MVIC of the quadriceps. When maximal effort plateaued a stimulus was given and the MEP peak-to-peak amplitude was recorded for analysis. This was performed for 5 consecutive trials with 60 seconds of rest between each MVIC. During the electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) testing session a Myotrac Infinity handheld biofeedback unit was used to monitor electrical activity of the vastuslateralis. A target line was established on the biofeedback unit at 110% of their peak EMG values. Participants performed a MVIC while using EMG-BF. When maximal effort plateaued, magnetic stimulus was produced over the motor cortex and the quadriceps MEP peak-to-peak amplitude was recorded for analysis. This was performed for 5 consecutive trials with 60 seconds of rest between each MVIC. Maximum muscle response (Mmax) was recorded and used to normalize MEP. Statistics: Significance determined using dependent t-tests between thechanges in MEP amplitude during the control and EMG-BF sessions (p< 0.05). Cohen’s d effect sizes with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: The percent change scores for MEP amplitude at AMT were significantly greater in the biofeedback condition compared to the control (t 11 = -2.308, p= .041). Large effect sizes were found for both the control (d= 3.92, 95% CI = 2.45-5.12), and biofeedback condition, (d= 2.77, 95% CI =1.58- 3.78). A moderate effect size was found between the two conditions, (d= 0.62, 95% CI= -0.22- 1.42). Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that a single bout of EMG-BF can be used to increase corticomotor excitability in healthy individuals."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf","2.33 MB"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Immediate Effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback on Corticomotor Excitability of the Quadriceps in Healthy Individuals"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Pietrosimone, Brian"],"dc:creator":["Florea , David, II"],"dc:date":["2013-08-22"],"dc:description":["Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the immediate effects of a single bout of electromyographic biofeedback on corticomotor excitability in healthy individuals. Design: A cross- over study with a one-week period between each testing session was conducted in a laboratory setting. Participants: Twelve participants (6 male, 6 female; 21.41 ± 4.41 years; 172.82 ± 11.23 cm; 72.58 ± 15.77 kg). Procedure: Participants were position in the Biodex System 2 dynamometer to measure maximal voluntary force to establish a baseline MVIC value for each testing session. Submaximal contractions at five percent of this maximal contraction were used to standardize voluntary contraction during corticomotor testing. A Magstim Rapid was used to administer transcranial magnetic stimulation to the motor cortex to measure corticomotor excitability. Active motor threshold (AMT) was established as the lowest intensityrequired to elicit a motor evoked potential (MEP) of =100µV amplitude in at least 5 of 10 trials. Five MEPs were collected at AMT. The participants then performed a MVIC of the quadriceps. When maximal effort plateaued a stimulus was given and the MEP peak-to-peak amplitude was recorded for analysis. This was performed for 5 consecutive trials with 60 seconds of rest between each MVIC. During the electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) testing session a Myotrac Infinity handheld biofeedback unit was used to monitor electrical activity of the vastuslateralis. A target line was established on the biofeedback unit at 110% of their peak EMG values. Participants performed a MVIC while using EMG-BF. When maximal effort plateaued, magnetic stimulus was produced over the motor cortex and the quadriceps MEP peak-to-peak amplitude was recorded for analysis. This was performed for 5 consecutive trials with 60 seconds of rest between each MVIC. Maximum muscle response (Mmax) was recorded and used to normalize MEP. Statistics: Significance determined using dependent t-tests between thechanges in MEP amplitude during the control and EMG-BF sessions (p< 0.05). Cohen’s d effect sizes with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: The percent change scores for MEP amplitude at AMT were significantly greater in the biofeedback condition compared to the control (t 11 = -2.308, p= .041). Large effect sizes were found for both the control (d= 3.92, 95% CI = 2.45-5.12), and biofeedback condition, (d= 2.77, 95% CI =1.58- 3.78). A moderate effect size was found between the two conditions, (d= 0.62, 95% CI= -0.22- 1.42). Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that a single bout of EMG-BF can be used to increase corticomotor excitability in healthy individuals."],"dc:format":["application/pdf","2.33 MB"],"dc:identifier":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1364471334"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:publisher":["University of Toledo / OhioLINK"],"dc:rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"dc:subject":["Kinesiology"],"dc:title":["The Immediate Effects of Electromyographic Biofeedback on Corticomotor Excitability of the Quadriceps in Healthy Individuals"],"dc:type":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Exercise Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Exercise Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Toledo"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:37:16Z"}