{"id":{"repo_id":"ohiolink","oai_identifier":"oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:osu1364991994"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/ohiolink/oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:osu1364991994","repository":{"repo_id":"ohiolink","name":"OhioLINK","base_url":"https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/oai/oai"},"display":{"title":"Relative potency and duration of analgesia following palmar digital intra-neural alcohol injection for heel pain in horses","abstract":"Objective: To determine the potency (percent analgesia), duration of action (up to four months), and clinical and histological effects of surgical exposure and intra-neural injection of 98% dehydrated medical-grade ethyl alcohol compared to no treatment (negative control), sham operation (surgical control), or formaldehyde injection (positive control) to decrease experimentally-induced palmar heel pain in horses. Animals: Six horses Procedures: The horses were fitted with a custom pressure-inducing shoe and had outcome measurements for each heel performed before and after nerve treatments. Outcomes included induced lameness grade and vertical peak force with pressure applied to each heel, thermal and touch sensation for each heel, and pastern circumference. Outcomes were followed serially for 112 days when nerves were harvested for histology. Results: Alcohol and formaldehyde reduced all measures of heel pain which progressed toward return, but persisted over the 112 days of the study (P<0.05). Pastern circumference was not different for alcohol than sham treatment, but was greater in formaldehyde than alcohol or baseline (P<0.05). Histological evaluation showed preservation of nerve fiber alignment with an intact epineurium, loss of axons (axon drop out), axon degeneration, fibrosis and inflammation in alcohol- and formaldehyde-injected nerves compared to control nerves. Formaldehyde injection induced greater fibrosis and inflammation than alcohol.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Alcohol injection induced effective neural blockade for months with evidence that nerve structure and function could return. Formaldehyde injection showed no advantage over alcohol and is not recommended under the conditions of our study due to soft tissue inflammation.","abstract_html":"Objective: To determine the potency (percent analgesia), duration of action (up to four months), and clinical and histological effects of surgical exposure and intra-neural injection of 98% dehydrated medical-grade ethyl alcohol compared to no treatment (negative control), sham operation (surgical control), or formaldehyde injection (positive control) to decrease experimentally-induced palmar heel pain in horses. Animals: Six horses Procedures: The horses were fitted with a custom pressure-inducing shoe and had outcome measurements for each heel performed before and after nerve treatments. Outcomes included induced lameness grade and vertical peak force with pressure applied to each heel, thermal and touch sensation for each heel, and pastern circumference. Outcomes were followed serially for 112 days when nerves were harvested for histology. Results: Alcohol and formaldehyde reduced all measures of heel pain which progressed toward return, but persisted over the 112 days of the study (P&lt;0.05). Pastern circumference was not different for alcohol than sham treatment, but was greater in formaldehyde than alcohol or baseline (P&lt;0.05). Histological evaluation showed preservation of nerve fiber alignment with an intact epineurium, loss of axons (axon drop out), axon degeneration, fibrosis and inflammation in alcohol- and formaldehyde-injected nerves compared to control nerves. Formaldehyde injection induced greater fibrosis and inflammation than alcohol.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Alcohol injection induced effective neural blockade for months with evidence that nerve structure and function could return. Formaldehyde injection showed no advantage over alcohol and is not recommended under the conditions of our study due to soft tissue inflammation.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Schneider, Christine Pariseau"],"institution":"The Ohio State University","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Veterinary Clinical Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Bertone, Alicia"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-07-05","date_published":"2013-07-05","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:37:16Z","subjects":["Veterinary Services"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364991994","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Bertone, Alicia"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Schneider, Christine Pariseau"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2013-07-05"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["The Ohio State University / OhioLINK"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Veterinary Clinical Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["The Ohio State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Veterinary Services"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364991994"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Objective: To determine the potency (percent analgesia), duration of action (up to four months), and clinical and histological effects of surgical exposure and intra-neural injection of 98% dehydrated medical-grade ethyl alcohol compared to no treatment (negative control), sham operation (surgical control), or formaldehyde injection (positive control) to decrease experimentally-induced palmar heel pain in horses. Animals: Six horses Procedures: The horses were fitted with a custom pressure-inducing shoe and had outcome measurements for each heel performed before and after nerve treatments. Outcomes included induced lameness grade and vertical peak force with pressure applied to each heel, thermal and touch sensation for each heel, and pastern circumference. Outcomes were followed serially for 112 days when nerves were harvested for histology. Results: Alcohol and formaldehyde reduced all measures of heel pain which progressed toward return, but persisted over the 112 days of the study (P<0.05). Pastern circumference was not different for alcohol than sham treatment, but was greater in formaldehyde than alcohol or baseline (P<0.05). Histological evaluation showed preservation of nerve fiber alignment with an intact epineurium, loss of axons (axon drop out), axon degeneration, fibrosis and inflammation in alcohol- and formaldehyde-injected nerves compared to control nerves. Formaldehyde injection induced greater fibrosis and inflammation than alcohol.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Alcohol injection induced effective neural blockade for months with evidence that nerve structure and function could return. Formaldehyde injection showed no advantage over alcohol and is not recommended under the conditions of our study due to soft tissue inflammation."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf","1.19 MB"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Relative potency and duration of analgesia following palmar digital intra-neural alcohol injection for heel pain in horses"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Bertone, Alicia"],"dc:creator":["Schneider, Christine Pariseau"],"dc:date":["2013-07-05"],"dc:description":["Objective: To determine the potency (percent analgesia), duration of action (up to four months), and clinical and histological effects of surgical exposure and intra-neural injection of 98% dehydrated medical-grade ethyl alcohol compared to no treatment (negative control), sham operation (surgical control), or formaldehyde injection (positive control) to decrease experimentally-induced palmar heel pain in horses. Animals: Six horses Procedures: The horses were fitted with a custom pressure-inducing shoe and had outcome measurements for each heel performed before and after nerve treatments. Outcomes included induced lameness grade and vertical peak force with pressure applied to each heel, thermal and touch sensation for each heel, and pastern circumference. Outcomes were followed serially for 112 days when nerves were harvested for histology. Results: Alcohol and formaldehyde reduced all measures of heel pain which progressed toward return, but persisted over the 112 days of the study (P<0.05). Pastern circumference was not different for alcohol than sham treatment, but was greater in formaldehyde than alcohol or baseline (P<0.05). Histological evaluation showed preservation of nerve fiber alignment with an intact epineurium, loss of axons (axon drop out), axon degeneration, fibrosis and inflammation in alcohol- and formaldehyde-injected nerves compared to control nerves. Formaldehyde injection induced greater fibrosis and inflammation than alcohol.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Alcohol injection induced effective neural blockade for months with evidence that nerve structure and function could return. Formaldehyde injection showed no advantage over alcohol and is not recommended under the conditions of our study due to soft tissue inflammation."],"dc:format":["application/pdf","1.19 MB"],"dc:identifier":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364991994"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:publisher":["The Ohio State University / OhioLINK"],"dc:rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"dc:subject":["Veterinary Services"],"dc:title":["Relative potency and duration of analgesia following palmar digital intra-neural alcohol injection for heel pain in horses"],"dc:type":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Veterinary Clinical Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["The Ohio State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:37:16Z"}