{"id":{"repo_id":"ohiolink","oai_identifier":"oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:ohiou1365775693"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/ohiolink/oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:ohiou1365775693","repository":{"repo_id":"ohiolink","name":"OhioLINK","base_url":"https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/oai/oai"},"display":{"title":"Development and Characterization of Controlled-Release Permanganate Gelfor Groundwater Remediation","abstract":"This study focused on furthering the development of a novel, cost-effective scheme to remediate large, dilute plumes of DNAPLs in groundwater through the in-situ, well-based emplacement of concentrated permanganate solution mixed with a gelling agent. The controlled-release permanganate gel (CRP-G) solution was developed so that it may be injected and flow with groundwater and subsequently increase in viscosity over time to remain emplaced and slowly release MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>- </sup> in a long-term, controlled release fashion. This study characterized CRP-G gelation and release mechanisms of MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>- </sup> in saturated porous media through the execution of batch experiments, viscosity tests, and column tests. Specific attention was devoted to use of colloidal silica within the CRP-G. Results of batch tests indicated that gelation times can be modified on the order of 5 min to over 10 dys; dilution by flowing water in the subsurface will be a consideration upon gel engineering. Results of column tests in open water indicated that release of MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>- </sup> from CRP-G occurred within 24 hrs. In column tests conducted with saturated, sandy media, gelation occurred within 1, 3, and 6 hrs when using CRP-G solution 25.0, 23.0, and 22.9 g/L of KMnO<sub>4</sub>. Permanganate mass flux approached values that are near the benchmark for this study (˜ 850 µg/day), with release lasting up to 3 dys. This release was characterized as rapid short-term release followed by a longer, stabilized release phase. Impact of dilution of the injected CRP-G solution in the subsurface will be a consideration upon gel formation.The use of colloidal silica as a controlled-release material for the CRP-G is promising. Further studies are warranted for the development of a novel remediation scheme using the CRP-G.","abstract_html":"This study focused on furthering the development of a novel, cost-effective scheme to remediate large, dilute plumes of DNAPLs in groundwater through the in-situ, well-based emplacement of concentrated permanganate solution mixed with a gelling agent. The controlled-release permanganate gel (CRP-G) solution was developed so that it may be injected and flow with groundwater and subsequently increase in viscosity over time to remain emplaced and slowly release MnO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;- &lt;/sup&gt; in a long-term, controlled release fashion. This study characterized CRP-G gelation and release mechanisms of MnO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;- &lt;/sup&gt; in saturated porous media through the execution of batch experiments, viscosity tests, and column tests. Specific attention was devoted to use of colloidal silica within the CRP-G. Results of batch tests indicated that gelation times can be modified on the order of 5 min to over 10 dys; dilution by flowing water in the subsurface will be a consideration upon gel engineering. Results of column tests in open water indicated that release of MnO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;- &lt;/sup&gt; from CRP-G occurred within 24 hrs. In column tests conducted with saturated, sandy media, gelation occurred within 1, 3, and 6 hrs when using CRP-G solution 25.0, 23.0, and 22.9 g/L of KMnO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. Permanganate mass flux approached values that are near the benchmark for this study (˜ 850 µg/day), with release lasting up to 3 dys. This release was characterized as rapid short-term release followed by a longer, stabilized release phase. Impact of dilution of the injected CRP-G solution in the subsurface will be a consideration upon gel formation.The use of colloidal silica as a controlled-release material for the CRP-G is promising. Further studies are warranted for the development of a novel remediation scheme using the CRP-G.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Gupta, Neha"],"institution":"Ohio University","degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Geological Sciences (Arts and Sciences)","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Lee, Eung Seok"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-06-12","date_published":"2013-06-12","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:37:31Z","subjects":["Environmental Engineering","Environmental Geology","Environmental Studies","Controlled release permanganate","controlled release sol gel","dilute plumes of DNAPLs","in situ chemical oxidation"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1365775693","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Lee, Eung Seok"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Gupta, Neha"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2013-06-12"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Ohio University / OhioLINK"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Geological Sciences (Arts and Sciences)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Ohio University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Environmental Engineering","Environmental Geology","Environmental Studies","Controlled release permanganate","controlled release sol gel","dilute plumes of DNAPLs","in situ chemical oxidation"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1365775693"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["This study focused on furthering the development of a novel, cost-effective scheme to remediate large, dilute plumes of DNAPLs in groundwater through the in-situ, well-based emplacement of concentrated permanganate solution mixed with a gelling agent. The controlled-release permanganate gel (CRP-G) solution was developed so that it may be injected and flow with groundwater and subsequently increase in viscosity over time to remain emplaced and slowly release MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>- </sup> in a long-term, controlled release fashion. This study characterized CRP-G gelation and release mechanisms of MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>- </sup> in saturated porous media through the execution of batch experiments, viscosity tests, and column tests. Specific attention was devoted to use of colloidal silica within the CRP-G. Results of batch tests indicated that gelation times can be modified on the order of 5 min to over 10 dys; dilution by flowing water in the subsurface will be a consideration upon gel engineering. Results of column tests in open water indicated that release of MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>- </sup> from CRP-G occurred within 24 hrs. In column tests conducted with saturated, sandy media, gelation occurred within 1, 3, and 6 hrs when using CRP-G solution 25.0, 23.0, and 22.9 g/L of KMnO<sub>4</sub>. Permanganate mass flux approached values that are near the benchmark for this study (˜ 850 µg/day), with release lasting up to 3 dys. This release was characterized as rapid short-term release followed by a longer, stabilized release phase. Impact of dilution of the injected CRP-G solution in the subsurface will be a consideration upon gel formation.The use of colloidal silica as a controlled-release material for the CRP-G is promising. Further studies are warranted for the development of a novel remediation scheme using the CRP-G."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf","p.71","8.25 MB"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Development and Characterization of Controlled-Release Permanganate Gelfor Groundwater Remediation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Lee, Eung Seok"],"dc:creator":["Gupta, Neha"],"dc:date":["2013-06-12"],"dc:description":["This study focused on furthering the development of a novel, cost-effective scheme to remediate large, dilute plumes of DNAPLs in groundwater through the in-situ, well-based emplacement of concentrated permanganate solution mixed with a gelling agent. The controlled-release permanganate gel (CRP-G) solution was developed so that it may be injected and flow with groundwater and subsequently increase in viscosity over time to remain emplaced and slowly release MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>- </sup> in a long-term, controlled release fashion. This study characterized CRP-G gelation and release mechanisms of MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>- </sup> in saturated porous media through the execution of batch experiments, viscosity tests, and column tests. Specific attention was devoted to use of colloidal silica within the CRP-G. Results of batch tests indicated that gelation times can be modified on the order of 5 min to over 10 dys; dilution by flowing water in the subsurface will be a consideration upon gel engineering. Results of column tests in open water indicated that release of MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>- </sup> from CRP-G occurred within 24 hrs. In column tests conducted with saturated, sandy media, gelation occurred within 1, 3, and 6 hrs when using CRP-G solution 25.0, 23.0, and 22.9 g/L of KMnO<sub>4</sub>. Permanganate mass flux approached values that are near the benchmark for this study (˜ 850 µg/day), with release lasting up to 3 dys. This release was characterized as rapid short-term release followed by a longer, stabilized release phase. Impact of dilution of the injected CRP-G solution in the subsurface will be a consideration upon gel formation.The use of colloidal silica as a controlled-release material for the CRP-G is promising. Further studies are warranted for the development of a novel remediation scheme using the CRP-G."],"dc:format":["application/pdf","p.71","8.25 MB"],"dc:identifier":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1365775693"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:publisher":["Ohio University / OhioLINK"],"dc:rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"dc:subject":["Environmental Engineering","Environmental Geology","Environmental Studies","Controlled release permanganate","controlled release sol gel","dilute plumes of DNAPLs","in situ chemical oxidation"],"dc:title":["Development and Characterization of Controlled-Release Permanganate Gelfor Groundwater Remediation"],"dc:type":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Geological Sciences (Arts and Sciences)"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"],"thesis:institution_name":["Ohio University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:37:31Z"}