{"id":{"repo_id":"ohiolink","oai_identifier":"oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:mco1365083632"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/ohiolink/oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:mco1365083632","repository":{"repo_id":"ohiolink","name":"OhioLINK","base_url":"https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/oai/oai"},"display":{"title":"The Effects of Benzyl Alcohol on Developing Zebrafish (Danio rerio)","abstract":"Benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH) is a preservative used in IV preparations, cosmetics, hair dyes, perfumes, and soaps. It is also used as a solvent for many organic processes and in industrial applications. It is an organic compound whose polarity and low vapor pressure make it a useful industrial solvent. We designed a series of experiments to study the developmental effects of benzyl alcohol exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio), a well-established model for development. Zebrafish were exposed starting at high blastula stage of development (4 hours post-fertilization, hpf) and finishing at free swimming larvae stage (144 hpf). Observations of critical developmental endpoints were conducted at 8 hpf, 24 hpf, 32 hpf, 55 hpf, 80 hpf, and 144 hpf. The exposure of zebrafish embryos to varying concentrations of benzyl alcohol at 4 hpf in development resulted in developmental defects including delayed and/or abnormal eye development, cardiac/yolk sac edema, and cardiovascular abnormalities. The chemical’s effects on neuronal outgrowth as a measured by acetylated alpha-tubulin staining were inconclusive for the concentrations studied.Cell death was observed using an acridine orange assay, showing a dramatic increase in cell death in a dose-dependent manner. While more work is needed to elucidate the effects of benzyl alcohol, these preliminary data suggest that there is a strong link between exposure to benzyl alcohol and the developmental defects observed.","abstract_html":"Benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH) is a preservative used in IV preparations, cosmetics, hair dyes, perfumes, and soaps. It is also used as a solvent for many organic processes and in industrial applications. It is an organic compound whose polarity and low vapor pressure make it a useful industrial solvent. We designed a series of experiments to study the developmental effects of benzyl alcohol exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio), a well-established model for development. Zebrafish were exposed starting at high blastula stage of development (4 hours post-fertilization, hpf) and finishing at free swimming larvae stage (144 hpf). Observations of critical developmental endpoints were conducted at 8 hpf, 24 hpf, 32 hpf, 55 hpf, 80 hpf, and 144 hpf. The exposure of zebrafish embryos to varying concentrations of benzyl alcohol at 4 hpf in development resulted in developmental defects including delayed and/or abnormal eye development, cardiac/yolk sac edema, and cardiovascular abnormalities. The chemical’s effects on neuronal outgrowth as a measured by acetylated alpha-tubulin staining were inconclusive for the concentrations studied.Cell death was observed using an acridine orange assay, showing a dramatic increase in cell death in a dose-dependent manner. While more work is needed to elucidate the effects of benzyl alcohol, these preliminary data suggest that there is a strong link between exposure to benzyl alcohol and the developmental defects observed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Schnapp, Alaina M."],"institution":"University of Toledo Health Science Campus","degree_name":"Master of Science in Pharmaceutical Science (MSP)","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"College of Pharmacy","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Williams, Frederick"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-05-20","date_published":"2013-05-20","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:37:16Z","subjects":["Pharmacology","Toxicology"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. 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Zebrafish were exposed starting at high blastula stage of development (4 hours post-fertilization, hpf) and finishing at free swimming larvae stage (144 hpf). Observations of critical developmental endpoints were conducted at 8 hpf, 24 hpf, 32 hpf, 55 hpf, 80 hpf, and 144 hpf. The exposure of zebrafish embryos to varying concentrations of benzyl alcohol at 4 hpf in development resulted in developmental defects including delayed and/or abnormal eye development, cardiac/yolk sac edema, and cardiovascular abnormalities. The chemical’s effects on neuronal outgrowth as a measured by acetylated alpha-tubulin staining were inconclusive for the concentrations studied.Cell death was observed using an acridine orange assay, showing a dramatic increase in cell death in a dose-dependent manner. While more work is needed to elucidate the effects of benzyl alcohol, these preliminary data suggest that there is a strong link between exposure to benzyl alcohol and the developmental defects observed."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf","p.46","487.9 KB"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effects of Benzyl Alcohol on Developing Zebrafish (Danio rerio)"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Williams, Frederick"],"dc:creator":["Schnapp, Alaina M."],"dc:date":["2013-05-20"],"dc:description":["Benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH) is a preservative used in IV preparations, cosmetics, hair dyes, perfumes, and soaps. It is also used as a solvent for many organic processes and in industrial applications. It is an organic compound whose polarity and low vapor pressure make it a useful industrial solvent. We designed a series of experiments to study the developmental effects of benzyl alcohol exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio), a well-established model for development. Zebrafish were exposed starting at high blastula stage of development (4 hours post-fertilization, hpf) and finishing at free swimming larvae stage (144 hpf). Observations of critical developmental endpoints were conducted at 8 hpf, 24 hpf, 32 hpf, 55 hpf, 80 hpf, and 144 hpf. The exposure of zebrafish embryos to varying concentrations of benzyl alcohol at 4 hpf in development resulted in developmental defects including delayed and/or abnormal eye development, cardiac/yolk sac edema, and cardiovascular abnormalities. The chemical’s effects on neuronal outgrowth as a measured by acetylated alpha-tubulin staining were inconclusive for the concentrations studied.Cell death was observed using an acridine orange assay, showing a dramatic increase in cell death in a dose-dependent manner. While more work is needed to elucidate the effects of benzyl alcohol, these preliminary data suggest that there is a strong link between exposure to benzyl alcohol and the developmental defects observed."],"dc:format":["application/pdf","p.46","487.9 KB"],"dc:identifier":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1365083632"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:publisher":["University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK"],"dc:rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"dc:subject":["Pharmacology","Toxicology"],"dc:title":["The Effects of Benzyl Alcohol on Developing Zebrafish (Danio rerio)"],"dc:type":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["College of Pharmacy"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Pharmaceutical Science (MSP)"],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Toledo Health Science Campus"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:37:16Z"}