{"id":{"repo_id":"ohiolink","oai_identifier":"oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:case1355803614"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/ohiolink/oai:etd.ohiolink.edu:case1355803614","repository":{"repo_id":"ohiolink","name":"OhioLINK","base_url":"https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/oai/oai"},"display":{"title":"NOVEL MECHANISMS FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REGULATION DURING STRESS","abstract":"Protein synthesis is important for living organisms to overcome the environmental stresses, such as nutrient deprivation and disease. Although many animal and human studies have reported changes in protein synthesis rates under various conditions, little is known about the mechanism that regulate protein synthesis in different tissues and during diseases, such as diabetes. To better understand the regulation of protein synthesis during nutrient deprivation, we have measured protein synthesis rates in rats that were fasted or were calorie restricted. We found that protein synthesis rates were regulated differently in rat tissues when nutrients were limited. In cardiac muscle protein synthesis rates did not change under these conditions. After 24 hours of fasting, relatively smaller changes in protein synthesis were seen in the heart. Currently not much is known about the rate and regulation of protein synthesis in the isolated pancreatic islets and ¿¿-cells. To measure protein synthesis in the pancreatic islets, we have developed a novel experimental technique by combining the islet isolation technique and deuterium water labeling method. The Akita mouse, which bears a point mutation on INS2 gene, was chosen for this study because the onset of diabetes does not involve obesity, insulin resistance or pancreatitis. In themouse we found that protein synthesis in pancreatic islets was positively correlated with chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The increase in protein synthesis in the islets of Akita mice was associated with an increase in expression of some ER stress-related genes (such as Activating transcription factor, ATF4, and CHOP) similar to the response observed under nutrient deprivation. To analyze the consequence of acute stress in the ER we studied the rate of protein synthesis after 24 or 48 hours of tunicamycin-induced ER stress, as compared to chronic ER stress, observed in the islets from Akita mice. We found that acute transient stress caused a decrease in protein synthesis in pancreatic islets compared to that in chronic ER stress. Therefore we conclude that the regulation of protein synthesis responds to stresses in a tissue specific and developmental manner.","abstract_html":"Protein synthesis is important for living organisms to overcome the environmental stresses, such as nutrient deprivation and disease. Although many animal and human studies have reported changes in protein synthesis rates under various conditions, little is known about the mechanism that regulate protein synthesis in different tissues and during diseases, such as diabetes. To better understand the regulation of protein synthesis during nutrient deprivation, we have measured protein synthesis rates in rats that were fasted or were calorie restricted. We found that protein synthesis rates were regulated differently in rat tissues when nutrients were limited. In cardiac muscle protein synthesis rates did not change under these conditions. After 24 hours of fasting, relatively smaller changes in protein synthesis were seen in the heart. Currently not much is known about the rate and regulation of protein synthesis in the isolated pancreatic islets and ¿¿-cells. To measure protein synthesis in the pancreatic islets, we have developed a novel experimental technique by combining the islet isolation technique and deuterium water labeling method. The Akita mouse, which bears a point mutation on INS2 gene, was chosen for this study because the onset of diabetes does not involve obesity, insulin resistance or pancreatitis. In themouse we found that protein synthesis in pancreatic islets was positively correlated with chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The increase in protein synthesis in the islets of Akita mice was associated with an increase in expression of some ER stress-related genes (such as Activating transcription factor, ATF4, and CHOP) similar to the response observed under nutrient deprivation. To analyze the consequence of acute stress in the ER we studied the rate of protein synthesis after 24 or 48 hours of tunicamycin-induced ER stress, as compared to chronic ER stress, observed in the islets from Akita mice. We found that acute transient stress caused a decrease in protein synthesis in pancreatic islets compared to that in chronic ER stress. Therefore we conclude that the regulation of protein synthesis responds to stresses in a tissue specific and developmental manner.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Yuan, Celvie Lim"],"institution":"Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies","degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":"Nutrition","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Manor, Danny","Maria, Hatzoglou"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-03-12","date_published":"2013-03-12","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:35:52Z","subjects":["Biochemistry","Nutrition"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1355803614","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Manor, Danny","Maria, Hatzoglou"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Yuan, Celvie Lim"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2013-03-12"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Nutrition"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biochemistry","Nutrition"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1355803614"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Protein synthesis is important for living organisms to overcome the environmental stresses, such as nutrient deprivation and disease. Although many animal and human studies have reported changes in protein synthesis rates under various conditions, little is known about the mechanism that regulate protein synthesis in different tissues and during diseases, such as diabetes. To better understand the regulation of protein synthesis during nutrient deprivation, we have measured protein synthesis rates in rats that were fasted or were calorie restricted. We found that protein synthesis rates were regulated differently in rat tissues when nutrients were limited. In cardiac muscle protein synthesis rates did not change under these conditions. After 24 hours of fasting, relatively smaller changes in protein synthesis were seen in the heart. Currently not much is known about the rate and regulation of protein synthesis in the isolated pancreatic islets and ¿¿-cells. To measure protein synthesis in the pancreatic islets, we have developed a novel experimental technique by combining the islet isolation technique and deuterium water labeling method. The Akita mouse, which bears a point mutation on INS2 gene, was chosen for this study because the onset of diabetes does not involve obesity, insulin resistance or pancreatitis. In themouse we found that protein synthesis in pancreatic islets was positively correlated with chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The increase in protein synthesis in the islets of Akita mice was associated with an increase in expression of some ER stress-related genes (such as Activating transcription factor, ATF4, and CHOP) similar to the response observed under nutrient deprivation. To analyze the consequence of acute stress in the ER we studied the rate of protein synthesis after 24 or 48 hours of tunicamycin-induced ER stress, as compared to chronic ER stress, observed in the islets from Akita mice. We found that acute transient stress caused a decrease in protein synthesis in pancreatic islets compared to that in chronic ER stress. Therefore we conclude that the regulation of protein synthesis responds to stresses in a tissue specific and developmental manner."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf","p.131","2.68 MB"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["NOVEL MECHANISMS FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REGULATION DURING STRESS"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Manor, Danny","Maria, Hatzoglou"],"dc:creator":["Yuan, Celvie Lim"],"dc:date":["2013-03-12"],"dc:description":["Protein synthesis is important for living organisms to overcome the environmental stresses, such as nutrient deprivation and disease. Although many animal and human studies have reported changes in protein synthesis rates under various conditions, little is known about the mechanism that regulate protein synthesis in different tissues and during diseases, such as diabetes. To better understand the regulation of protein synthesis during nutrient deprivation, we have measured protein synthesis rates in rats that were fasted or were calorie restricted. We found that protein synthesis rates were regulated differently in rat tissues when nutrients were limited. In cardiac muscle protein synthesis rates did not change under these conditions. After 24 hours of fasting, relatively smaller changes in protein synthesis were seen in the heart. Currently not much is known about the rate and regulation of protein synthesis in the isolated pancreatic islets and ¿¿-cells. To measure protein synthesis in the pancreatic islets, we have developed a novel experimental technique by combining the islet isolation technique and deuterium water labeling method. The Akita mouse, which bears a point mutation on INS2 gene, was chosen for this study because the onset of diabetes does not involve obesity, insulin resistance or pancreatitis. In themouse we found that protein synthesis in pancreatic islets was positively correlated with chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The increase in protein synthesis in the islets of Akita mice was associated with an increase in expression of some ER stress-related genes (such as Activating transcription factor, ATF4, and CHOP) similar to the response observed under nutrient deprivation. To analyze the consequence of acute stress in the ER we studied the rate of protein synthesis after 24 or 48 hours of tunicamycin-induced ER stress, as compared to chronic ER stress, observed in the islets from Akita mice. We found that acute transient stress caused a decrease in protein synthesis in pancreatic islets compared to that in chronic ER stress. Therefore we conclude that the regulation of protein synthesis responds to stresses in a tissue specific and developmental manner."],"dc:format":["application/pdf","p.131","2.68 MB"],"dc:identifier":["http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1355803614"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:publisher":["Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK"],"dc:rights":["unrestricted","This thesis or dissertation is protected by copyright: all rights reserved. It may not be copied or redistributed beyond the terms of applicable copyright laws."],"dc:subject":["Biochemistry","Nutrition"],"dc:title":["NOVEL MECHANISMS FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS REGULATION DURING STRESS"],"dc:type":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Nutrition"],"thesis:degree_level":["doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy"],"thesis:institution_name":["Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:35:52Z"}