HIV/AIDS-related stigma remains prevalent in our society despite advances in medical treatment, and appears to be based on fear of the illness and negative attitudes toward gay individuals. Previous literature examining the phenomenon, enactment, and consequences of HIV/AIDS-related stigma has primarily been based on self-report measures examining participants' imagined reactions toward a person with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). The present study attempted to expand on the self-report findings and contribute uniquely to the literature by examining participants' attitudes toward an individual believed to be gay and HIV-positive after a real-life interaction. This study, which involved the use of a confederate whose sexual orientation (straight, gay) and HIV serostatus (negative, positive) had been manipulated, examined participants' attitudes along dimensions of liking and trust, willingness to affiliate, and enactment of social support and self-disclosure. Results revealed several gender differences in reactions to the confederate, whereby men offered more solace and made fewer low descriptive/low evaluative statements toward an HIV-positive individual, but women were more willing to affiliate with the confederate regardless of his sexual orientation or HIV serostatus. Participants also used more low descriptive/low evaluative statements when interacting with a gay, versus straight, HIV-positive confederate, suggesting that negative attitudes toward gays is a driving force in the perpetuation of HIV/AIDS-related stigma. The findings offer support to the previous literature demonstrating that HIV/AIDS continues to be strongly associated with homosexuality, and reveal that negative attitudes are apparent in real-life situations as well as on self-report measures. However, participants' willingness in many cases to provide social support and intimate self-disclosure is hopeful, and indicates that continued educational efforts aimed at reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma may meet with success.
","abstract_html":"<p>HIV/AIDS-related stigma remains prevalent in our society despite advances in medical treatment, and appears to be based on fear of the illness and negative attitudes toward gay individuals. Previous literature examining the phenomenon, enactment, and consequences of HIV/AIDS-related stigma has primarily been based on self-report measures examining participants' imagined reactions toward a person with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). The present study attempted to expand on the self-report findings and contribute uniquely to the literature by examining participants' attitudes toward an individual believed to be gay and HIV-positive after a real-life interaction. This study, which involved the use of a confederate whose sexual orientation (straight, gay) and HIV serostatus (negative, positive) had been manipulated, examined participants' attitudes along dimensions of liking and trust, willingness to affiliate, and enactment of social support and self-disclosure. Results revealed several gender differences in reactions to the confederate, whereby men offered more solace and made fewer low descriptive/low evaluative statements toward an HIV-positive individual, but women were more willing to affiliate with the confederate regardless of his sexual orientation or HIV serostatus. Participants also used more low descriptive/low evaluative statements when interacting with a gay, versus straight, HIV-positive confederate, suggesting that negative attitudes toward gays is a driving force in the perpetuation of HIV/AIDS-related stigma. The findings offer support to the previous literature demonstrating that HIV/AIDS continues to be strongly associated with homosexuality, and reveal that negative attitudes are apparent in real-life situations as well as on self-report measures. However, participants' willingness in many cases to provide social support and intimate self-disclosure is hopeful, and indicates that continued educational efforts aimed at reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma may meet with success.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wilson, Stacie A."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Valerian J. Derlega","Robin J. Lewis","Louis H. Janda","Delanyard Robinson","Kathrin Hartman"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2009,"date_issued":"2009-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:35:23Z","subjects":["HIV/AIDS","Homosexuality","Sexual orientation","Stigma","Clinical Psychology","Experimental Analysis of Behavior","Social Psychology"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
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"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["How do People React to Someone Who Has Recently Tested for HIV? An Experimental Study of the Effects of Sexual Orientation and HIV Status"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Valerian J. Derlega","Robin J. Lewis","Louis H. Janda","Delanyard Robinson","Kathrin Hartman"],"dc:creator":["Wilson, Stacie A."],"dc:date.available":["2019-10-10T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["HIV/AIDS-related stigma remains prevalent in our society despite advances in medical treatment, and appears to be based on fear of the illness and negative attitudes toward gay individuals. Previous literature examining the phenomenon, enactment, and consequences of HIV/AIDS-related stigma has primarily been based on self-report measures examining participants' imagined reactions toward a person with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). The present study attempted to expand on the self-report findings and contribute uniquely to the literature by examining participants' attitudes toward an individual believed to be gay and HIV-positive after a real-life interaction. This study, which involved the use of a confederate whose sexual orientation (straight, gay) and HIV serostatus (negative, positive) had been manipulated, examined participants' attitudes along dimensions of liking and trust, willingness to affiliate, and enactment of social support and self-disclosure. Results revealed several gender differences in reactions to the confederate, whereby men offered more solace and made fewer low descriptive/low evaluative statements toward an HIV-positive individual, but women were more willing to affiliate with the confederate regardless of his sexual orientation or HIV serostatus. Participants also used more low descriptive/low evaluative statements when interacting with a gay, versus straight, HIV-positive confederate, suggesting that negative attitudes toward gays is a driving force in the perpetuation of HIV/AIDS-related stigma. The findings offer support to the previous literature demonstrating that HIV/AIDS continues to be strongly associated with homosexuality, and reveal that negative attitudes are apparent in real-life situations as well as on self-report measures. However, participants' willingness in many cases to provide social support and intimate self-disclosure is hopeful, and indicates that continued educational efforts aimed at reducing HIV/AIDS-related stigma may meet with success.
"],"dc:identifier":["9781109566284","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/psychology_etds/326"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
"],"dc:subject":["HIV/AIDS","Homosexuality","Sexual orientation","Stigma","Clinical Psychology","Experimental Analysis of Behavior","Social Psychology"],"dc:title":["How do People React to Someone Who Has Recently Tested for HIV? An Experimental Study of the Effects of Sexual Orientation and HIV Status"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:35:23Z"}