This study examined the relationship of anger coping style and relaxation techniques on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in blood pressure (BP). Eighty-nine students from Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia participated. The participants were instructed to rest for ten minutes (baseline), complete a math task with harassment for 6 minutes (stressor), and engage in one of three recovery conditions (a standard control (SC), diaphragmatic breathing (DB), or mantra recitation (MR) without breathing instructions) for 10 minutes. The Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) was utilized to measure trait anger coping style. Participants were compensated $25. It was hypothesized that DB would show the greatest reduction in BP during the recovery period and those individuals with high Anger-In or Anger-Out trait coping style scores would exhibit greater cardiovascular reactivity and slower cardiovascular recovery. It was also hypothesized that high cardiovascular reactivity would be associated with high baseline BP and anger coping style would moderate the effect of relaxation techniques on BP.
A planned (apriori) simple contrast revealed a significant effect for DB on diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during 10 minutes of recovery, F (1, 85) = 6.11, p < .05, such that DB demonstrated the greatest reduction in DBP in comparison to the SC and MR. Greater physiological responses to stress were not associated with higher baseline BP; baseline BP was not significantly related to BP reactivity for baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and SBP reactivity, r = .20, ns, for baseline SBP and DBP reactivity, r = .13, ns, for baseline DBP and DBP reactivity, r = .03, ns, or baseline DBP and SBP reactivity r = .16, ns. There were no significant results found to indicate an interaction or main effect of trait anger coping style by recovery condition on recovery BP. Given the significant result for DB's effectiveness at reducing DBP after a stressor, this information may be useful when treating hypertensive patients. Relaxation techniques should be considered an adjunctive treatment for high BP along with hypertensive medication as they can be cost effective at reducing BP.
","abstract_html":"<p>This study examined the relationship of anger coping style and relaxation techniques on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in blood pressure (BP). Eighty-nine students from Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia participated. The participants were instructed to rest for ten minutes (baseline), complete a math task with harassment for 6 minutes (stressor), and engage in one of three recovery conditions (a standard control (SC), diaphragmatic breathing (DB), or mantra recitation (MR) without breathing instructions) for 10 minutes. The Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) was utilized to measure trait anger coping style. Participants were compensated $25. It was hypothesized that DB would show the greatest reduction in BP during the recovery period and those individuals with high Anger-In or Anger-Out trait coping style scores would exhibit greater cardiovascular reactivity and slower cardiovascular recovery. It was also hypothesized that high cardiovascular reactivity would be associated with high baseline BP and anger coping style would moderate the effect of relaxation techniques on BP.</p> <p>A planned (apriori) simple contrast revealed a significant effect for DB on diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during 10 minutes of recovery, <em>F</em> (1, 85) = 6.11, <em>p</em> < .05, such that DB demonstrated the greatest reduction in DBP in comparison to the SC and MR. Greater physiological responses to stress were not associated with higher baseline BP; baseline BP was not significantly related to BP reactivity for baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and SBP reactivity, <em>r</em> = .20, ns, for baseline SBP and DBP reactivity, <em>r</em> = .13, <em>ns</em>, for baseline DBP and DBP reactivity, <em>r</em> = .03, <em>ns</em>, or baseline DBP and SBP reactivity <em>r</em> = .16, <em>ns</em>. There were no significant results found to indicate an interaction or main effect of trait anger coping style by recovery condition on recovery BP. Given the significant result for DB's effectiveness at reducing DBP after a stressor, this information may be useful when treating hypertensive patients. Relaxation techniques should be considered an adjunctive treatment for high BP along with hypertensive medication as they can be cost effective at reducing BP.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Mills, Catherine J."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Serina A. Neumann","Richard Handel","Karen Y. Holmes","Leonard Holmes","Robin Lewis"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-07-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2012-07-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:35:23Z","subjects":["Anger coping style","Blood pressure","Cardiovascular reactivity","Cardiovascular recovery","Relaxation","Clinical Psychology"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
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"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9781267668172","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/psychology_etds/294"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study examined the relationship of anger coping style and relaxation techniques on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in blood pressure (BP). Eighty-nine students from Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia participated. The participants were instructed to rest for ten minutes (baseline), complete a math task with harassment for 6 minutes (stressor), and engage in one of three recovery conditions (a standard control (SC), diaphragmatic breathing (DB), or mantra recitation (MR) without breathing instructions) for 10 minutes. The Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) was utilized to measure trait anger coping style. Participants were compensated $25. It was hypothesized that DB would show the greatest reduction in BP during the recovery period and those individuals with high Anger-In or Anger-Out trait coping style scores would exhibit greater cardiovascular reactivity and slower cardiovascular recovery. It was also hypothesized that high cardiovascular reactivity would be associated with high baseline BP and anger coping style would moderate the effect of relaxation techniques on BP.
A planned (apriori) simple contrast revealed a significant effect for DB on diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during 10 minutes of recovery, F (1, 85) = 6.11, p < .05, such that DB demonstrated the greatest reduction in DBP in comparison to the SC and MR. Greater physiological responses to stress were not associated with higher baseline BP; baseline BP was not significantly related to BP reactivity for baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and SBP reactivity, r = .20, ns, for baseline SBP and DBP reactivity, r = .13, ns, for baseline DBP and DBP reactivity, r = .03, ns, or baseline DBP and SBP reactivity r = .16, ns. There were no significant results found to indicate an interaction or main effect of trait anger coping style by recovery condition on recovery BP. Given the significant result for DB's effectiveness at reducing DBP after a stressor, this information may be useful when treating hypertensive patients. Relaxation techniques should be considered an adjunctive treatment for high BP along with hypertensive medication as they can be cost effective at reducing BP.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["A Comparison of Relaxation Techniques on Blood Pressure Reactivity and Recovery Assessing the Moderating Effect of Anger Coping Style"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Serina A. Neumann","Richard Handel","Karen Y. Holmes","Leonard Holmes","Robin Lewis"],"dc:creator":["Mills, Catherine J."],"dc:date.available":["2019-10-07T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study examined the relationship of anger coping style and relaxation techniques on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in blood pressure (BP). Eighty-nine students from Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia participated. The participants were instructed to rest for ten minutes (baseline), complete a math task with harassment for 6 minutes (stressor), and engage in one of three recovery conditions (a standard control (SC), diaphragmatic breathing (DB), or mantra recitation (MR) without breathing instructions) for 10 minutes. The Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) was utilized to measure trait anger coping style. Participants were compensated $25. It was hypothesized that DB would show the greatest reduction in BP during the recovery period and those individuals with high Anger-In or Anger-Out trait coping style scores would exhibit greater cardiovascular reactivity and slower cardiovascular recovery. It was also hypothesized that high cardiovascular reactivity would be associated with high baseline BP and anger coping style would moderate the effect of relaxation techniques on BP.
A planned (apriori) simple contrast revealed a significant effect for DB on diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during 10 minutes of recovery, F (1, 85) = 6.11, p < .05, such that DB demonstrated the greatest reduction in DBP in comparison to the SC and MR. Greater physiological responses to stress were not associated with higher baseline BP; baseline BP was not significantly related to BP reactivity for baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and SBP reactivity, r = .20, ns, for baseline SBP and DBP reactivity, r = .13, ns, for baseline DBP and DBP reactivity, r = .03, ns, or baseline DBP and SBP reactivity r = .16, ns. There were no significant results found to indicate an interaction or main effect of trait anger coping style by recovery condition on recovery BP. Given the significant result for DB's effectiveness at reducing DBP after a stressor, this information may be useful when treating hypertensive patients. Relaxation techniques should be considered an adjunctive treatment for high BP along with hypertensive medication as they can be cost effective at reducing BP.
"],"dc:identifier":["9781267668172","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/psychology_etds/294"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
"],"dc:subject":["Anger coping style","Blood pressure","Cardiovascular reactivity","Cardiovascular recovery","Relaxation","Clinical Psychology"],"dc:title":["A Comparison of Relaxation Techniques on Blood Pressure Reactivity and Recovery Assessing the Moderating Effect of Anger Coping Style"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:35:23Z"}