Bisexual individuals are more likely to be parenting as compared to other sexual minority individuals, however a review of the current research on sexual minority parenting and families demonstrates a limited understanding of the experiences unique to this population. Furthermore, the socialization of parenthood as both a heterosexual practice, and one that is intertwined with womanhood suggests bisexual mothers may encounter unique challenges and experiences in negotiating these two identities. Therefore the current study seeks to expand upon the literature with a primary aim of understanding the relationship between bisexuality and motherhood identities, psychological distress, parenting efficacy, and self-esteem from the theoretical perspective of identity theory. Data were examined from 211 self-identified bisexual women, who were currently parenting at least one child under the age of 18. Results revealed a moderating effect of parenting identity centrality on the relationship between bisexual identity centrality and sexual identity salience. Furthermore, sexual identity salience demonstrated significant relationships with participants’ level of parenting guilt, self-esteem as a bisexual individual, and feelings of shame as a bisexual individual. Participants who reported higher feelings of efficacy in their parenting role reported lower levels of parenting guilt as well as lower levels of psychological distress. Finally, higher levels of sexual identity salience were related to lower levels of psychological distress. Results offer partial support for identity theory as a mechanism through which to understand experiences of parenting guilt, shame as a bisexual individual, and psychological distress in a sample of bisexual mothers.
","abstract_html":"<p>Bisexual individuals are more likely to be parenting as compared to other sexual minority individuals, however a review of the current research on sexual minority parenting and families demonstrates a limited understanding of the experiences unique to this population. Furthermore, the socialization of parenthood as both a heterosexual practice, and one that is intertwined with womanhood suggests bisexual mothers may encounter unique challenges and experiences in negotiating these two identities. Therefore the current study seeks to expand upon the literature with a primary aim of understanding the relationship between bisexuality and motherhood identities, psychological distress, parenting efficacy, and self-esteem from the theoretical perspective of identity theory. Data were examined from 211 self-identified bisexual women, who were currently parenting at least one child under the age of 18. Results revealed a moderating effect of parenting identity centrality on the relationship between bisexual identity centrality and sexual identity salience. Furthermore, sexual identity salience demonstrated significant relationships with participants’ level of parenting guilt, self-esteem as a bisexual individual, and feelings of shame as a bisexual individual. Participants who reported higher feelings of efficacy in their parenting role reported lower levels of parenting guilt as well as lower levels of psychological distress. Finally, higher levels of sexual identity salience were related to lower levels of psychological distress. Results offer partial support for identity theory as a mechanism through which to understand experiences of parenting guilt, shame as a bisexual individual, and psychological distress in a sample of bisexual mothers.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Roberts, Laurin B."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["James F. Paulson","Desideria S. Hacker","Michelle L. Kelley","Robin J. Lewis","Barbara A. Winstead"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-04-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2018-04-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:34:11Z","subjects":["Bisexuality","Identity theory","Motherhood","Parenting","Psychological distress","Clinical Psychology","Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780438455375"],"render_values":[{"text":"9780438455375","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/psychology_etds/73","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["James F. Paulson","Desideria S. Hacker","Michelle L. Kelley","Robin J. Lewis","Barbara A. Winstead"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Roberts, Laurin B."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-09-20T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Bisexuality","Identity theory","Motherhood","Parenting","Psychological distress","Clinical Psychology","Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
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"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Bisexuality and Motherhood: An Investigation of Psychological Distress, Parenting Efficacy, and Self Esteem Through Identity Theory"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["James F. Paulson","Desideria S. Hacker","Michelle L. Kelley","Robin J. Lewis","Barbara A. Winstead"],"dc:creator":["Roberts, Laurin B."],"dc:date.available":["2018-09-20T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Bisexual individuals are more likely to be parenting as compared to other sexual minority individuals, however a review of the current research on sexual minority parenting and families demonstrates a limited understanding of the experiences unique to this population. Furthermore, the socialization of parenthood as both a heterosexual practice, and one that is intertwined with womanhood suggests bisexual mothers may encounter unique challenges and experiences in negotiating these two identities. Therefore the current study seeks to expand upon the literature with a primary aim of understanding the relationship between bisexuality and motherhood identities, psychological distress, parenting efficacy, and self-esteem from the theoretical perspective of identity theory. Data were examined from 211 self-identified bisexual women, who were currently parenting at least one child under the age of 18. Results revealed a moderating effect of parenting identity centrality on the relationship between bisexual identity centrality and sexual identity salience. Furthermore, sexual identity salience demonstrated significant relationships with participants’ level of parenting guilt, self-esteem as a bisexual individual, and feelings of shame as a bisexual individual. Participants who reported higher feelings of efficacy in their parenting role reported lower levels of parenting guilt as well as lower levels of psychological distress. Finally, higher levels of sexual identity salience were related to lower levels of psychological distress. Results offer partial support for identity theory as a mechanism through which to understand experiences of parenting guilt, shame as a bisexual individual, and psychological distress in a sample of bisexual mothers.
"],"dc:identifier":["9780438455375","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/psychology_etds/73"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
"],"dc:subject":["Bisexuality","Identity theory","Motherhood","Parenting","Psychological distress","Clinical Psychology","Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies"],"dc:title":["Bisexuality and Motherhood: An Investigation of Psychological Distress, Parenting Efficacy, and Self Esteem Through Identity Theory"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:34:11Z"}