The methods are developed of two-loop calculation of spectral density for the 3-point correlation function of an electromagnetic current and two axial currents which are the basis of the pion form factor analysis within the framework of QCD sum rules and local quark-hadron duality approach. The nature of various types of contributions is established which are related to particular regions of momentum integrations inside Feynman integrals. The trace factors accompanying all six two-loop diagrams are calculated and classified. To regularize particular loop integrals, the dimensional regularization technique has been used. The calculation involves such methods as infinite-momentum frame approach, alpha-representation method, Sudakov parametrization of the integration momentum and covariant calculation in momentum space. It is shown that final results of integration are given by logarithms and di-logarithm functions. For the diagram with the gluon correction to the electromagnetic vertex, it is shown that its large momentum transfer behavior is dominated by the Feynman mechanism, in which the active quark carries the bulk of the hadron momentum both before and after collision with virtual photon. For this diagram, the Sudakov double logarithmic terms were obtained that are known to convert into the Sudakov form factor after summation over all orders. Another type of double-logarithmic term was found in the contribution of the diagrams with the gluon correction to the axial-current vertices. This term appears as a power correction to the leading power behavior of this diagram governed by a short-distance re-scattering subprocess in which the exchanged gluon has large virtuality. This subprocess corresponds to the asymptotic perturbative QCD contribution. This observation shows that the two double-logarithmic terms have different nature. The methods developed in this dissertation may be applied to other two-loop calculations within the QCD sum rule method.
","abstract_html":"<p>The methods are developed of two-loop calculation of spectral density for the 3-point correlation function of an electromagnetic current and two axial currents which are the basis of the pion form factor analysis within the framework of QCD sum rules and local quark-hadron duality approach. The nature of various types of contributions is established which are related to particular regions of momentum integrations inside Feynman integrals. The trace factors accompanying all six two-loop diagrams are calculated and classified. To regularize particular loop integrals, the dimensional regularization technique has been used. The calculation involves such methods as infinite-momentum frame approach, alpha-representation method, Sudakov parametrization of the integration momentum and covariant calculation in momentum space. It is shown that final results of integration are given by logarithms and di-logarithm functions. For the diagram with the gluon correction to the electromagnetic vertex, it is shown that its large momentum transfer behavior is dominated by the Feynman mechanism, in which the active quark carries the bulk of the hadron momentum both before and after collision with virtual photon. For this diagram, the Sudakov double logarithmic terms were obtained that are known to convert into the Sudakov form factor after summation over all orders. Another type of double-logarithmic term was found in the contribution of the diagrams with the gluon correction to the axial-current vertices. This term appears as a power correction to the leading power behavior of this diagram governed by a short-distance re-scattering subprocess in which the exchanged gluon has large virtuality. This subprocess corresponds to the asymptotic perturbative QCD contribution. This observation shows that the two double-logarithmic terms have different nature. The methods developed in this dissertation may be applied to other two-loop calculations within the QCD sum rule method.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bedir, Islam"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Physics","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Anatoly Radyushkin","Ian Balitsky","Mark Havey","Charles Hyde","John Adam"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-04-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2013-04-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:34:11Z","subjects":["Pion distribution","Pion form factors","Quantum chromodynamics","Spectral density","Three-point correlation","Two-loop calculation","Physics"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9781303166242"],"render_values":[{"text":"9781303166242","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/physics_etds/39","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Anatoly Radyushkin","Ian Balitsky","Mark Havey","Charles Hyde","John Adam"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bedir, Islam"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-02-20T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Physics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Pion distribution","Pion form factors","Quantum chromodynamics","Spectral density","Three-point correlation","Two-loop calculation","Physics"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9781303166242","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/physics_etds/39"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The methods are developed of two-loop calculation of spectral density for the 3-point correlation function of an electromagnetic current and two axial currents which are the basis of the pion form factor analysis within the framework of QCD sum rules and local quark-hadron duality approach. The nature of various types of contributions is established which are related to particular regions of momentum integrations inside Feynman integrals. The trace factors accompanying all six two-loop diagrams are calculated and classified. To regularize particular loop integrals, the dimensional regularization technique has been used. The calculation involves such methods as infinite-momentum frame approach, alpha-representation method, Sudakov parametrization of the integration momentum and covariant calculation in momentum space. It is shown that final results of integration are given by logarithms and di-logarithm functions. For the diagram with the gluon correction to the electromagnetic vertex, it is shown that its large momentum transfer behavior is dominated by the Feynman mechanism, in which the active quark carries the bulk of the hadron momentum both before and after collision with virtual photon. For this diagram, the Sudakov double logarithmic terms were obtained that are known to convert into the Sudakov form factor after summation over all orders. Another type of double-logarithmic term was found in the contribution of the diagrams with the gluon correction to the axial-current vertices. This term appears as a power correction to the leading power behavior of this diagram governed by a short-distance re-scattering subprocess in which the exchanged gluon has large virtuality. This subprocess corresponds to the asymptotic perturbative QCD contribution. This observation shows that the two double-logarithmic terms have different nature. The methods developed in this dissertation may be applied to other two-loop calculations within the QCD sum rule method.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Three-Point Correlator and Pion Form Factor in Quantum Chromodynamics: Methods of Calculation for Two-Loop Spectral Density"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Anatoly Radyushkin","Ian Balitsky","Mark Havey","Charles Hyde","John Adam"],"dc:creator":["Bedir, Islam"],"dc:date.available":["2019-02-20T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The methods are developed of two-loop calculation of spectral density for the 3-point correlation function of an electromagnetic current and two axial currents which are the basis of the pion form factor analysis within the framework of QCD sum rules and local quark-hadron duality approach. The nature of various types of contributions is established which are related to particular regions of momentum integrations inside Feynman integrals. The trace factors accompanying all six two-loop diagrams are calculated and classified. To regularize particular loop integrals, the dimensional regularization technique has been used. The calculation involves such methods as infinite-momentum frame approach, alpha-representation method, Sudakov parametrization of the integration momentum and covariant calculation in momentum space. It is shown that final results of integration are given by logarithms and di-logarithm functions. For the diagram with the gluon correction to the electromagnetic vertex, it is shown that its large momentum transfer behavior is dominated by the Feynman mechanism, in which the active quark carries the bulk of the hadron momentum both before and after collision with virtual photon. For this diagram, the Sudakov double logarithmic terms were obtained that are known to convert into the Sudakov form factor after summation over all orders. Another type of double-logarithmic term was found in the contribution of the diagrams with the gluon correction to the axial-current vertices. This term appears as a power correction to the leading power behavior of this diagram governed by a short-distance re-scattering subprocess in which the exchanged gluon has large virtuality. This subprocess corresponds to the asymptotic perturbative QCD contribution. This observation shows that the two double-logarithmic terms have different nature. The methods developed in this dissertation may be applied to other two-loop calculations within the QCD sum rule method.
"],"dc:identifier":["9781303166242","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/physics_etds/39"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).
"],"dc:subject":["Pion distribution","Pion form factors","Quantum chromodynamics","Spectral density","Three-point correlation","Two-loop calculation","Physics"],"dc:title":["Three-Point Correlator and Pion Form Factor in Quantum Chromodynamics: Methods of Calculation for Two-Loop Spectral Density"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Physics"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:34:11Z"}