Intimate partner violence against women (IPPVAW) is a serious public health concern. The Ecological Model provides a model to study several factors associated with IPPVAW. In Saudi Arabia, studies addressing IPPVAW are limited and do not cover the various aspects of the problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the various factors associated with IPPVAW at the personal, interpersonal, community and societal levels. Methods: 200 ever-married women attending six PHC in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were recruited via convenient sampling method. Women were interviewed on factors related to IPPVAW using an adapted version of WHO survey for violence against women. Results: 45% of women were subjected to IPPVAW and 18.5% reported IPPVAW-related injuries. Alcohol and Drug use by Husbands were significant personal factors associated with IPPVAW (p≤0.001). Marital conflict and male dominance were significantly associated with IPPVAW at the interpersonal level factors (p≤0.001). Husband's employment and involvement in physical fights with other men were significant community-related factors associated with IPPVAW (p≤0.05). Most women did not disclose the real cause of IPPVAW-related injuries to healthcare professionals. Conclusion: factors related to husband's gender attitude require further elucidation. PHC services may benefit from screening women for IPPVAW for better management of cases.
","abstract_html":"<p>Intimate partner violence against women (IPPVAW) is a serious public health concern. The Ecological Model provides a model to study several factors associated with IPPVAW. In Saudi Arabia, studies addressing IPPVAW are limited and do not cover the various aspects of the problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the various factors associated with IPPVAW at the personal, interpersonal, community and societal levels. <strong>Methods: </strong>200 ever-married women attending six PHC in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were recruited via convenient sampling method. Women were interviewed on factors related to IPPVAW using an adapted version of WHO survey for violence against women. <strong>Results: </strong>45% of women were subjected to IPPVAW and 18.5% reported IPPVAW-related injuries. Alcohol and Drug use by Husbands were significant personal factors associated with IPPVAW (p≤0.001). Marital conflict and male dominance were significantly associated with IPPVAW at the interpersonal level factors (p≤0.001). Husband's employment and involvement in physical fights with other men were significant community-related factors associated with IPPVAW (p≤0.05). Most women did not disclose the real cause of IPPVAW-related injuries to healthcare professionals. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>factors related to husband's gender attitude require further elucidation. PHC services may benefit from screening women for IPPVAW for better management of cases.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Eldoseri, Halah M."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Health Services Research","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kimberly Adams Tufts","Qi Harry Zhang","Jennifer N. Fish"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2012-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:34:39Z","subjects":["Adverse health outcomes of violence","Intimate partner physical violence","Primary healthcare clinics","Saudi Arabian","Violence against women","Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence","Epidemiology","Women's Health"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9781267890511"],"render_values":[{"text":"9781267890511","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/healthservices_etds/18","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kimberly Adams Tufts","Qi Harry Zhang","Jennifer N. Fish"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Eldoseri, Halah M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-04-22T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Health Services Research"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Adverse health outcomes of violence","Intimate partner physical violence","Primary healthcare clinics","Saudi Arabian","Violence against women","Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence","Epidemiology","Women's Health"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9781267890511","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/healthservices_etds/18"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Intimate partner violence against women (IPPVAW) is a serious public health concern. The Ecological Model provides a model to study several factors associated with IPPVAW. In Saudi Arabia, studies addressing IPPVAW are limited and do not cover the various aspects of the problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the various factors associated with IPPVAW at the personal, interpersonal, community and societal levels. Methods: 200 ever-married women attending six PHC in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were recruited via convenient sampling method. Women were interviewed on factors related to IPPVAW using an adapted version of WHO survey for violence against women. Results: 45% of women were subjected to IPPVAW and 18.5% reported IPPVAW-related injuries. Alcohol and Drug use by Husbands were significant personal factors associated with IPPVAW (p≤0.001). Marital conflict and male dominance were significantly associated with IPPVAW at the interpersonal level factors (p≤0.001). Husband's employment and involvement in physical fights with other men were significant community-related factors associated with IPPVAW (p≤0.05). Most women did not disclose the real cause of IPPVAW-related injuries to healthcare professionals. Conclusion: factors related to husband's gender attitude require further elucidation. PHC services may benefit from screening women for IPPVAW for better management of cases.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Intimate Partner Physical Violence Against Women in Saudi Arabian Primary Healthcare Clinics"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kimberly Adams Tufts","Qi Harry Zhang","Jennifer N. Fish"],"dc:creator":["Eldoseri, Halah M."],"dc:date.available":["2019-04-22T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Intimate partner violence against women (IPPVAW) is a serious public health concern. The Ecological Model provides a model to study several factors associated with IPPVAW. In Saudi Arabia, studies addressing IPPVAW are limited and do not cover the various aspects of the problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the various factors associated with IPPVAW at the personal, interpersonal, community and societal levels. Methods: 200 ever-married women attending six PHC in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were recruited via convenient sampling method. Women were interviewed on factors related to IPPVAW using an adapted version of WHO survey for violence against women. Results: 45% of women were subjected to IPPVAW and 18.5% reported IPPVAW-related injuries. Alcohol and Drug use by Husbands were significant personal factors associated with IPPVAW (p≤0.001). Marital conflict and male dominance were significantly associated with IPPVAW at the interpersonal level factors (p≤0.001). Husband's employment and involvement in physical fights with other men were significant community-related factors associated with IPPVAW (p≤0.05). Most women did not disclose the real cause of IPPVAW-related injuries to healthcare professionals. Conclusion: factors related to husband's gender attitude require further elucidation. PHC services may benefit from screening women for IPPVAW for better management of cases.
"],"dc:identifier":["9781267890511","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/healthservices_etds/18"],"dc:subject":["Adverse health outcomes of violence","Intimate partner physical violence","Primary healthcare clinics","Saudi Arabian","Violence against women","Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence","Epidemiology","Women's Health"],"dc:title":["Intimate Partner Physical Violence Against Women in Saudi Arabian Primary Healthcare Clinics"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Health Services Research"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:34:39Z"}