Streptococcus pyogenes causes an assortment of diseases ranging from pharyngitis to necrotizing fasciitis. This bacterium has the ability to elaborate several extracellular products capable of causing tissue damage; one of which is a hyaluronate lyase. Little information is available regarding the regulation of streptococcal hyaluronidase. As such, the expression of hylA in the hyaluronate lyase-producing strain ATCC 10403 and in strains that do not produce detectable enzyme was analyzed by RT-PCR and quantitative PCR. Hyaluronate lyase transcript was detected throughout growth for all strains; however, expression of hylA in the enzymatically inactive strains, 71698 and SF370, was determined to have a different pattern of expression than that of the active strain 10403.
The effect of various environmental conditions on hylA expression was evaluated. Temperature had little effect on the relative amount of hylA transcript for strain 10403. However, hyl A expression was slightly decreased after growth in pH 5.0 and increased under anaerobic and increased carbon dioxide conditions. The presence of hyaluronic acid in the growth media resulted in a two-fold increase in hylA expression. However, no difference was detected in the titer of enzymatic activity.
Expression of hylA and hasA were examined for the hyaluronate lyase non-producing strain 71698; and indicated the relative amount of hasA transcript was considerably greater than that of hylA.
Also, 176 strains of S. pyogenes were screened by PCR for hylA and showed all contained the gene; however, 34 strains showed a decrease in the size of the 3′region. The 3 ′ region was PCR amplified, cloned, and the sequence determined from six of these 34 strains. Comparison of the sequences revealed a deletion of 183 bp in the same location in all six strains.
A preliminary analysis of the role of hyaluronate lyase in streptococcal infection was evaluated. Preliminary data suggests hyaluronate lyase to be an important virulence factor as was determined by a 5.7% reversion of single-recombinant mutant strain 10403::pHAS:hylA from a HylA-negative to a HylA-positive phenotype.
For future virulence studies, an isogenic mutant strain 10403ΔhylA was created by replacing an internal portion of hylA with erythromycin resistance gene (ermR). Inactivation of hyaluronate lyase did not affect growth or protease or hemolytic activities.
","abstract_html":"<p><em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> causes an assortment of diseases ranging from pharyngitis to necrotizing fasciitis. This bacterium has the ability to elaborate several extracellular products capable of causing tissue damage; one of which is a hyaluronate lyase. Little information is available regarding the regulation of streptococcal hyaluronidase. As such, the expression of <em>hyl</em>A in the hyaluronate lyase-producing strain ATCC 10403 and in strains that do not produce detectable enzyme was analyzed by RT-PCR and quantitative PCR. Hyaluronate lyase transcript was detected throughout growth for all strains; however, expression of <em>hyl</em>A in the enzymatically inactive strains, 71698 and SF370, was determined to have a different pattern of expression than that of the active strain 10403.</p> <p>The effect of various environmental conditions on <em>hyl</em>A expression was evaluated. Temperature had little effect on the relative amount of <em>hyl</em>A transcript for strain 10403. However, <em>hyl </em>A expression was slightly decreased after growth in pH 5.0 and increased under anaerobic and increased carbon dioxide conditions. The presence of hyaluronic acid in the growth media resulted in a two-fold increase in <em>hyl</em>A expression. However, no difference was detected in the titer of enzymatic activity.</p> <p>Expression of <em>hyl</em>A and <em>hasA</em> were examined for the hyaluronate lyase non-producing strain 71698; and indicated the relative amount of <em>hasA</em> transcript was considerably greater than that of <em>hyl</em>A.</p> <p>Also, 176 strains of <em>S. pyogenes</em> were screened by PCR for <em>hyl</em>A and showed all contained the gene; however, 34 strains showed a decrease in the size of the 3′region. The 3 ′ region was PCR amplified, cloned, and the sequence determined from six of these 34 strains. Comparison of the sequences revealed a deletion of 183 bp in the same location in all six strains.</p> <p>A preliminary analysis of the role of hyaluronate lyase in streptococcal infection was evaluated. Preliminary data suggests hyaluronate lyase to be an important virulence factor as was determined by a 5.7% reversion of single-recombinant mutant strain 10403::pHAS:<em>hyl</em>A from a HylA-negative to a HylA-positive phenotype.</p> <p>For future virulence studies, an isogenic mutant strain 10403ΔhylA was created by replacing an internal portion of <em>hyl</em>A with erythromycin resistance gene (<em>ermR</em>). Inactivation of hyaluronate lyase did not affect growth or protease or hemolytic activities.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Walton, Sheryl Lynne"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Wayne Hynes","Keith Carson","Christopher Osgood","Robert Ratzlaff"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2003,"date_issued":"2003-04-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2003-04-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:34:46Z","subjects":["Hyaluronate lyase","Streptococcus pyogenes","hylA","Microbiology","Molecular Biology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780496385485"],"render_values":[{"text":"9780496385485","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biomedicalsciences_etds/99","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Wayne Hynes","Keith Carson","Christopher Osgood","Robert Ratzlaff"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Walton, Sheryl Lynne"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-05-14T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Hyaluronate lyase","Streptococcus pyogenes","hylA","Microbiology","Molecular Biology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780496385485","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biomedicalsciences_etds/99"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Streptococcus pyogenes causes an assortment of diseases ranging from pharyngitis to necrotizing fasciitis. This bacterium has the ability to elaborate several extracellular products capable of causing tissue damage; one of which is a hyaluronate lyase. Little information is available regarding the regulation of streptococcal hyaluronidase. As such, the expression of hylA in the hyaluronate lyase-producing strain ATCC 10403 and in strains that do not produce detectable enzyme was analyzed by RT-PCR and quantitative PCR. Hyaluronate lyase transcript was detected throughout growth for all strains; however, expression of hylA in the enzymatically inactive strains, 71698 and SF370, was determined to have a different pattern of expression than that of the active strain 10403.
The effect of various environmental conditions on hylA expression was evaluated. Temperature had little effect on the relative amount of hylA transcript for strain 10403. However, hyl A expression was slightly decreased after growth in pH 5.0 and increased under anaerobic and increased carbon dioxide conditions. The presence of hyaluronic acid in the growth media resulted in a two-fold increase in hylA expression. However, no difference was detected in the titer of enzymatic activity.
Expression of hylA and hasA were examined for the hyaluronate lyase non-producing strain 71698; and indicated the relative amount of hasA transcript was considerably greater than that of hylA.
Also, 176 strains of S. pyogenes were screened by PCR for hylA and showed all contained the gene; however, 34 strains showed a decrease in the size of the 3′region. The 3 ′ region was PCR amplified, cloned, and the sequence determined from six of these 34 strains. Comparison of the sequences revealed a deletion of 183 bp in the same location in all six strains.
A preliminary analysis of the role of hyaluronate lyase in streptococcal infection was evaluated. Preliminary data suggests hyaluronate lyase to be an important virulence factor as was determined by a 5.7% reversion of single-recombinant mutant strain 10403::pHAS:hylA from a HylA-negative to a HylA-positive phenotype.
For future virulence studies, an isogenic mutant strain 10403ΔhylA was created by replacing an internal portion of hylA with erythromycin resistance gene (ermR). Inactivation of hyaluronate lyase did not affect growth or protease or hemolytic activities.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Hyaluronate Lyase Gene of Streptococcus pyogenes: Molecular Characterization and Regulation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Wayne Hynes","Keith Carson","Christopher Osgood","Robert Ratzlaff"],"dc:creator":["Walton, Sheryl Lynne"],"dc:date.available":["2019-05-14T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Streptococcus pyogenes causes an assortment of diseases ranging from pharyngitis to necrotizing fasciitis. This bacterium has the ability to elaborate several extracellular products capable of causing tissue damage; one of which is a hyaluronate lyase. Little information is available regarding the regulation of streptococcal hyaluronidase. As such, the expression of hylA in the hyaluronate lyase-producing strain ATCC 10403 and in strains that do not produce detectable enzyme was analyzed by RT-PCR and quantitative PCR. Hyaluronate lyase transcript was detected throughout growth for all strains; however, expression of hylA in the enzymatically inactive strains, 71698 and SF370, was determined to have a different pattern of expression than that of the active strain 10403.
The effect of various environmental conditions on hylA expression was evaluated. Temperature had little effect on the relative amount of hylA transcript for strain 10403. However, hyl A expression was slightly decreased after growth in pH 5.0 and increased under anaerobic and increased carbon dioxide conditions. The presence of hyaluronic acid in the growth media resulted in a two-fold increase in hylA expression. However, no difference was detected in the titer of enzymatic activity.
Expression of hylA and hasA were examined for the hyaluronate lyase non-producing strain 71698; and indicated the relative amount of hasA transcript was considerably greater than that of hylA.
Also, 176 strains of S. pyogenes were screened by PCR for hylA and showed all contained the gene; however, 34 strains showed a decrease in the size of the 3′region. The 3 ′ region was PCR amplified, cloned, and the sequence determined from six of these 34 strains. Comparison of the sequences revealed a deletion of 183 bp in the same location in all six strains.
A preliminary analysis of the role of hyaluronate lyase in streptococcal infection was evaluated. Preliminary data suggests hyaluronate lyase to be an important virulence factor as was determined by a 5.7% reversion of single-recombinant mutant strain 10403::pHAS:hylA from a HylA-negative to a HylA-positive phenotype.
For future virulence studies, an isogenic mutant strain 10403ΔhylA was created by replacing an internal portion of hylA with erythromycin resistance gene (ermR). Inactivation of hyaluronate lyase did not affect growth or protease or hemolytic activities.
"],"dc:identifier":["9780496385485","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biomedicalsciences_etds/99"],"dc:subject":["Hyaluronate lyase","Streptococcus pyogenes","hylA","Microbiology","Molecular Biology"],"dc:title":["Hyaluronate Lyase Gene of Streptococcus pyogenes: Molecular Characterization and Regulation"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:34:46Z"}