The regional distribution of ChAT activity in human spermatozoa is altered during in vitro capacitation and it correlates with the fertilizing potential of sperm.
Regional immunoreactivity in human spermatozoa as assessed by fluorescent immunocytochemistry was compared with ChAT and CaAT activity determined by enzymatic methodologies. Increasing proportions of sperm exhibited ChAT immunoreactivity along the equatorial region with a concomitant decrease in ChAT reactivity in the midpiece. Also, competitive studies with unlabeled ChAT blocked the equatorial region labeling; the unlabeled CaAT blocked staining along the midpiece region of the tail, suggesting some cross-reactivity of the ChAT antiserum with the CaAT enzyme. A ChAT radioassay was used to compare regional immunoreactivity in human spermatozoa as assessed by fluorescent immunocytochemistry with ChAT and CaAT activity determined by enzymatic methodologies. Although a direct comparison was not made between the ChAT radioassay and the equatorial and midpiece/tail ChAT immunoreactivity, the two procedures appeared to not correlate. However, based on findings from the ChAT radioassay study, it was concluded that the ChAT enzyme is present within the sperm and not synthesized de novo.
The regional distribution of ChAT and CaAT immunoreactivity under sperm capacitating conditions was correlated with the physiological indicators of completed capacitation, including the physiological and pharmacological induction of the acrosome reaction. A significant increase in both equatorial and midpiece/tail immunoreactivity was observed when using both caffeine and pentoxifylline. The addition of caffeine significantly increased equatorial binding, midpiece/tail binding, and the acrosome reaction rate in both washed and post swim-up samples. Although the addition of caffeine increased both equatorial binding and the acrosome reaction rate, a correlation was not observed between equatorial binding and the acrosome reaction.
The potential fertility of human spermatozoa was correlated with ChAT and CaAT immunoreactivity by comparison of spermatozoa obtained from proven fertile males to spermatozoa incapable of attaining the physiological indicators of completed capacitation. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between ChAT binding and the Hemizona Assay Index. A significant positive correlation was also demonstrated between CaAT binding and original sperm concentration, VAP, VSL, VCL, and both original and swim-up motility.
","abstract_html":"<p>The regional distribution of ChAT activity in human spermatozoa is altered during in vitro capacitation and it correlates with the fertilizing potential of sperm.</p> <p>Regional immunoreactivity in human spermatozoa as assessed by fluorescent immunocytochemistry was compared with ChAT and CaAT activity determined by enzymatic methodologies. Increasing proportions of sperm exhibited ChAT immunoreactivity along the equatorial region with a concomitant decrease in ChAT reactivity in the midpiece. Also, competitive studies with unlabeled ChAT blocked the equatorial region labeling; the unlabeled CaAT blocked staining along the midpiece region of the tail, suggesting some cross-reactivity of the ChAT antiserum with the CaAT enzyme. A ChAT radioassay was used to compare regional immunoreactivity in human spermatozoa as assessed by fluorescent immunocytochemistry with ChAT and CaAT activity determined by enzymatic methodologies. Although a direct comparison was not made between the ChAT radioassay and the equatorial and midpiece/tail ChAT immunoreactivity, the two procedures appeared to not correlate. However, based on findings from the ChAT radioassay study, it was concluded that the ChAT enzyme is present within the sperm and not synthesized de novo.</p> <p>The regional distribution of ChAT and CaAT immunoreactivity under sperm capacitating conditions was correlated with the physiological indicators of completed capacitation, including the physiological and pharmacological induction of the acrosome reaction. A significant increase in both equatorial and midpiece/tail immunoreactivity was observed when using both caffeine and pentoxifylline. The addition of caffeine significantly increased equatorial binding, midpiece/tail binding, and the acrosome reaction rate in both washed and post swim-up samples. Although the addition of caffeine increased both equatorial binding and the acrosome reaction rate, a correlation was not observed between equatorial binding and the acrosome reaction.</p> <p>The potential fertility of human spermatozoa was correlated with ChAT and CaAT immunoreactivity by comparison of spermatozoa obtained from proven fertile males to spermatozoa incapable of attaining the physiological indicators of completed capacitation. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between ChAT binding and the Hemizona Assay Index. A significant positive correlation was also demonstrated between CaAT binding and original sperm concentration, VAP, VSL, VCL, and both original and swim-up motility.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Eccles, Lisa A."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Mary C. Mahony","Sergio Oehninger","Peter F. Blackmore","Patricia A. Pleban"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1997,"date_issued":"1997-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"1997-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:34:46Z","subjects":["Fertility","Human spermatozoa","Anatomy","Biochemistry","Physiology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780591623314"],"render_values":[{"text":"9780591623314","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biomedicalsciences_etds/21","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Mary C. Mahony","Sergio Oehninger","Peter F. Blackmore","Patricia A. Pleban"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Eccles, Lisa A."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-05-08T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Fertility","Human spermatozoa","Anatomy","Biochemistry","Physiology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["9780591623314","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biomedicalsciences_etds/21"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The regional distribution of ChAT activity in human spermatozoa is altered during in vitro capacitation and it correlates with the fertilizing potential of sperm.
Regional immunoreactivity in human spermatozoa as assessed by fluorescent immunocytochemistry was compared with ChAT and CaAT activity determined by enzymatic methodologies. Increasing proportions of sperm exhibited ChAT immunoreactivity along the equatorial region with a concomitant decrease in ChAT reactivity in the midpiece. Also, competitive studies with unlabeled ChAT blocked the equatorial region labeling; the unlabeled CaAT blocked staining along the midpiece region of the tail, suggesting some cross-reactivity of the ChAT antiserum with the CaAT enzyme. A ChAT radioassay was used to compare regional immunoreactivity in human spermatozoa as assessed by fluorescent immunocytochemistry with ChAT and CaAT activity determined by enzymatic methodologies. Although a direct comparison was not made between the ChAT radioassay and the equatorial and midpiece/tail ChAT immunoreactivity, the two procedures appeared to not correlate. However, based on findings from the ChAT radioassay study, it was concluded that the ChAT enzyme is present within the sperm and not synthesized de novo.
The regional distribution of ChAT and CaAT immunoreactivity under sperm capacitating conditions was correlated with the physiological indicators of completed capacitation, including the physiological and pharmacological induction of the acrosome reaction. A significant increase in both equatorial and midpiece/tail immunoreactivity was observed when using both caffeine and pentoxifylline. The addition of caffeine significantly increased equatorial binding, midpiece/tail binding, and the acrosome reaction rate in both washed and post swim-up samples. Although the addition of caffeine increased both equatorial binding and the acrosome reaction rate, a correlation was not observed between equatorial binding and the acrosome reaction.
The potential fertility of human spermatozoa was correlated with ChAT and CaAT immunoreactivity by comparison of spermatozoa obtained from proven fertile males to spermatozoa incapable of attaining the physiological indicators of completed capacitation. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between ChAT binding and the Hemizona Assay Index. A significant positive correlation was also demonstrated between CaAT binding and original sperm concentration, VAP, VSL, VCL, and both original and swim-up motility.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Choline Acetyltransferase and Carnitine Acetyltransferase Activity in Human Spermatozoa During Capacitation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Mary C. Mahony","Sergio Oehninger","Peter F. Blackmore","Patricia A. Pleban"],"dc:creator":["Eccles, Lisa A."],"dc:date.available":["2019-05-08T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The regional distribution of ChAT activity in human spermatozoa is altered during in vitro capacitation and it correlates with the fertilizing potential of sperm.
Regional immunoreactivity in human spermatozoa as assessed by fluorescent immunocytochemistry was compared with ChAT and CaAT activity determined by enzymatic methodologies. Increasing proportions of sperm exhibited ChAT immunoreactivity along the equatorial region with a concomitant decrease in ChAT reactivity in the midpiece. Also, competitive studies with unlabeled ChAT blocked the equatorial region labeling; the unlabeled CaAT blocked staining along the midpiece region of the tail, suggesting some cross-reactivity of the ChAT antiserum with the CaAT enzyme. A ChAT radioassay was used to compare regional immunoreactivity in human spermatozoa as assessed by fluorescent immunocytochemistry with ChAT and CaAT activity determined by enzymatic methodologies. Although a direct comparison was not made between the ChAT radioassay and the equatorial and midpiece/tail ChAT immunoreactivity, the two procedures appeared to not correlate. However, based on findings from the ChAT radioassay study, it was concluded that the ChAT enzyme is present within the sperm and not synthesized de novo.
The regional distribution of ChAT and CaAT immunoreactivity under sperm capacitating conditions was correlated with the physiological indicators of completed capacitation, including the physiological and pharmacological induction of the acrosome reaction. A significant increase in both equatorial and midpiece/tail immunoreactivity was observed when using both caffeine and pentoxifylline. The addition of caffeine significantly increased equatorial binding, midpiece/tail binding, and the acrosome reaction rate in both washed and post swim-up samples. Although the addition of caffeine increased both equatorial binding and the acrosome reaction rate, a correlation was not observed between equatorial binding and the acrosome reaction.
The potential fertility of human spermatozoa was correlated with ChAT and CaAT immunoreactivity by comparison of spermatozoa obtained from proven fertile males to spermatozoa incapable of attaining the physiological indicators of completed capacitation. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between ChAT binding and the Hemizona Assay Index. A significant positive correlation was also demonstrated between CaAT binding and original sperm concentration, VAP, VSL, VCL, and both original and swim-up motility.
"],"dc:identifier":["9780591623314","https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biomedicalsciences_etds/21"],"dc:subject":["Fertility","Human spermatozoa","Anatomy","Biochemistry","Physiology"],"dc:title":["Choline Acetyltransferase and Carnitine Acetyltransferase Activity in Human Spermatozoa During Capacitation"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:34:46Z"}