Impacts of the Spotted Spiny Lobster (<i>Panulirus guttatus</i>) on the Long-Spined Sea Urchin (<i>Diadema antillarum</i>) and Patch Reef Communities in the Florida Keys

<p>Caribbean coral reefs have undergone a phase shift from a system dominated by corals to one where algae are pervasive. This shift was precipitated by the loss of herbivores, including the mass mortality of the long spined sea urchin (<em>Diadema antillarum</em>), coupled with disease and the recruitment failure of hermatypic corals. <em>Diadema </em>populations have recovered in some areas of the Caribbean, but are still below historical levels in the Florida Keys, likely due to low larval supply coupled with predation on juveniles. Lobsters are sea urchin predators in other systems and the spotted spiny lobster (<em>Panulirus guttatus </em>) is abundant on coral reefs in the Florida Keys, where I investigated their role as nocturnal, philopatric carnivores on patch reef communities, with particular emphasis on their density and trait mediated impacts on <em>Diadema.</em> Additionally, I examined the importance of predation threat and intra-specific competition on habitat utilization by <em>Diadema. </em>I found that <em>P. guttatus</em> consumes small herbivorous reef invertebrates including sea urchins and crabs and its foraging activities destabilize rubble substrate, a disturbance more intense with smaller rubble, which may inhibit coral recruitment. In addition to density mediated impacts, <em>Diadema</em> increased its flight response and consumed significantly less algae in the presence of <em>P. guttatus.</em> However, <em>Diadema</em> did not increase its flight response to <em>P. argus </em>, a known <em>Diadema</em> predator. <em>Panulirus guttatus </em>cues also mitigated the importance of intra-specific competition for shelter by <em>Diadema</em>, with <em>Diadema</em> selecting shelters with conspecific chemical cues over those with<em> P. guttatus </em>chemical cues. Through its negative impact on the abundance and behavior of herbivores such as <em>Diadema</em> and destabilization of rubble substrates, high densities of <em>P. guttatus</em> potentially contribute to coral-to-algae phase-shifts on coral reefs.</p>

Name thesis:degree_name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Level thesis:degree_level

Dissertation

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Biological Sciences

Year dc:date.available

2010

Author dc:creator

• Kintzing, Meredith D.

Contributors dc:contributor

• Mark D. Butler IV
• Ian Bartol
• Dan Dauer
• Alan Savitzky
• Robert Steneck

• Coral reefs
• Diadema antillarum
• Florida keys
• Panulirus guttatus
• Predation
• Sea urchin
• Spiny lobsters
• Biology
• Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
• Environmental Sciences
• Marine Biology

Statement dc:rights

• <p>In Copyright. URI: <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/</a> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).</p>

Identifier

9781124483078

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:digitalcommons.odu.edu:biology_etds-1064