{"id":{"repo_id":"nus","oai_identifier":"oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/185220"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/nus/oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/185220","repository":{"repo_id":"nus","name":"National University of Singapore","base_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"IMPACTS OF TROPICAL PEAT-FOREST SMOKE: URBAN PM2.5 AND TOXICITY IMPLICATIONS","abstract":"To better address the impacts of recurrent tropical peat-forest (PF) burning in the Maritime Continent on regional air quality and public health, this thesis characterizes chemical composition of urban PM2.5. Urban PM2.5 are systematically classified to smoke-dominant (SD) vs. non-SD samples. In-situ pH increases from 1.9 in non-SD PM2.5 to 2.0 and 2.7 in SD and episodic samples, respectively, demonstrating neutralizing effects of PF smoke. Organic carbon ≥6.0 µg/m3 identifies SD PM2.5 with ~90% accuracy and enables hourly assessment. Char-EC/soot-EC ratio of SD urban PM2.5 can infer burning conditions of PF at sources. PM2.5-induced biological effects are investigated using an in vitro model of small airway epithelial cells differentiated at air-liquid interface (S-ALI). Transcriptomic analysis identifies 273 dysregulated genes involving >60 signaling pathways. An alveolar-endothelial co-culture model further demonstrates epithelial exposure to PM2.5 reduces angiogenic ability of endothelial cells through bystander effects, suggesting potentially perturbed ventilation-perfusion ratio and lung functions.","abstract_html":"To better address the impacts of recurrent tropical peat-forest (PF) burning in the Maritime Continent on regional air quality and public health, this thesis characterizes chemical composition of urban PM2.5. Urban PM2.5 are systematically classified to smoke-dominant (SD) vs. non-SD samples. In-situ pH increases from 1.9 in non-SD PM2.5 to 2.0 and 2.7 in SD and episodic samples, respectively, demonstrating neutralizing effects of PF smoke. Organic carbon ≥6.0 µg/m3 identifies SD PM2.5 with ~90% accuracy and enables hourly assessment. Char-EC/soot-EC ratio of SD urban PM2.5 can infer burning conditions of PF at sources. PM2.5-induced biological effects are investigated using an in vitro model of small airway epithelial cells differentiated at air-liquid interface (S-ALI). Transcriptomic analysis identifies 273 dysregulated genes involving >60 signaling pathways. An alveolar-endothelial co-culture model further demonstrates epithelial exposure to PM2.5 reduces angiogenic ability of endothelial cells through bystander effects, suggesting potentially perturbed ventilation-perfusion ratio and lung functions.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["LAN YANG"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-08-18","date_published":"2020-08-18","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:33:34Z","subjects":["Equatorial Asia, Urban air quality, Biomass burning, Aerosol acidity, Epithelial-endothelial complex, Respiratory function"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["LAN YANG"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2020-08-18"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/185220"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Equatorial Asia, Urban air quality, Biomass burning, Aerosol acidity, Epithelial-endothelial complex, Respiratory function"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/bitstreams/5cb091b1-b65c-4fac-9e7c-f07535fc29a5/download"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["To better address the impacts of recurrent tropical peat-forest (PF) burning in the Maritime Continent on regional air quality and public health, this thesis characterizes chemical composition of urban PM2.5. 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In-situ pH increases from 1.9 in non-SD PM2.5 to 2.0 and 2.7 in SD and episodic samples, respectively, demonstrating neutralizing effects of PF smoke. Organic carbon ≥6.0 µg/m3 identifies SD PM2.5 with ~90% accuracy and enables hourly assessment. Char-EC/soot-EC ratio of SD urban PM2.5 can infer burning conditions of PF at sources. PM2.5-induced biological effects are investigated using an in vitro model of small airway epithelial cells differentiated at air-liquid interface (S-ALI). Transcriptomic analysis identifies 273 dysregulated genes involving >60 signaling pathways. 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