{"id":{"repo_id":"nus","oai_identifier":"oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/169412"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/nus/oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/169412","repository":{"repo_id":"nus","name":"National University of Singapore","base_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"IMPACT OF RELOCATION ON H.D.B. TENANTS : A CASE-STUDY OF THE BUKIT MERAH HOUSING ESTATE","abstract":"This research was prompted by two factors. Whilst many behavorial scientists agree that man is basically sessile because of various socio-economic and psychological reasons, Singapore, in the process of urban-renewal and the construction of high-rise public or Housing and Development Board (H.D.B.) flats, has embarked on a massive relocation programme involving the rehousing of thousands of people each year. Most of those people are invariably rehoused into H.D.B. flats where many of them not only have to adjust to the new physical environment but also to a socially more heterogonous neighbourhood. Few sociological resources have systematically examined the impact of relocation per se in Singapore. This study, although confined to the tenants of a block of one-room flats, worked towards an objective assessment of the efforts of the relocation process on the relocatees in the study block. The research findings are as follows: 1. Tenants in the block, as a whole, adjusted successfully to their new H.D.B. flats and neighbourhood. 69% of those who experienced significant changes in the various aspects of their housing structures and 67% of those who mentioned similar changes in the various aspects of their neighbour hoods were generally satisfied with the changes in their housing structures and neighbourhoods respectively. 2. Although a majority of voluntary relocatees and involuntary relocatees adjusted successfully to the new environment, the relationship between typo of relocation and adjustment to the new environment was found to be significant. Voluntary relocatees were significantly more satisfied with their new H.D.B. flats and neighbourhood than involuntary relocatees while involuntary cases were significantly less satisfied than voluntary cases. 3. Relocation did not result in the dislocation of the social organization and social structure of the tenants in the study block. Social ties with primary groups were still maintained in most cases despite a small percentage of respondents who reported a decrease in the frequency of face-to-face contact with their primary groups. 4. Contrary to the findings of some studies, the research indicated that the majority of the respondents were neighbourly. Although manifest neighbourliness, as characterised by overt forms of neighbourly interactions was low amongst about 62% of the residents, latent neigbourliness as reflected in positive or favourable attitudes towards neighbours, prevailed in about 32% of these respondents. 5. Relocation per se, however, resulted in economic difficulties for many of those low-income people. While household incomes remained unchanged in most cases, the various items of household expenditures such as rental, public utility charges, transport expenses, other household expenses and even food prices, increased.","abstract_html":"This research was prompted by two factors. Whilst many behavorial scientists agree that man is basically sessile because of various socio-economic and psychological reasons, Singapore, in the process of urban-renewal and the construction of high-rise public or Housing and Development Board (H.D.B.) flats, has embarked on a massive relocation programme involving the rehousing of thousands of people each year. Most of those people are invariably rehoused into H.D.B. flats where many of them not only have to adjust to the new physical environment but also to a socially more heterogonous neighbourhood. Few sociological resources have systematically examined the impact of relocation per se in Singapore. This study, although confined to the tenants of a block of one-room flats, worked towards an objective assessment of the efforts of the relocation process on the relocatees in the study block. The research findings are as follows: 1. Tenants in the block, as a whole, adjusted successfully to their new H.D.B. flats and neighbourhood. 69% of those who experienced significant changes in the various aspects of their housing structures and 67% of those who mentioned similar changes in the various aspects of their neighbour hoods were generally satisfied with the changes in their housing structures and neighbourhoods respectively. 2. Although a majority of voluntary relocatees and involuntary relocatees adjusted successfully to the new environment, the relationship between typo of relocation and adjustment to the new environment was found to be significant. Voluntary relocatees were significantly more satisfied with their new H.D.B. flats and neighbourhood than involuntary relocatees while involuntary cases were significantly less satisfied than voluntary cases. 3. Relocation did not result in the dislocation of the social organization and social structure of the tenants in the study block. Social ties with primary groups were still maintained in most cases despite a small percentage of respondents who reported a decrease in the frequency of face-to-face contact with their primary groups. 4. Contrary to the findings of some studies, the research indicated that the majority of the respondents were neighbourly. Although manifest neighbourliness, as characterised by overt forms of neighbourly interactions was low amongst about 62% of the residents, latent neigbourliness as reflected in positive or favourable attitudes towards neighbours, prevailed in about 32% of these respondents. 5. Relocation per se, however, resulted in economic difficulties for many of those low-income people. While household incomes remained unchanged in most cases, the various items of household expenditures such as rental, public utility charges, transport expenses, other household expenses and even food prices, increased.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["RONEY TAN KEE LIAN"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1974,"date_issued":"1974","date_published":"1974","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:33:09Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["RONEY TAN KEE LIAN"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1974"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/169412"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/bitstreams/28761b4e-8e37-4e71-8cdb-cd22efb05eed/download"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This research was prompted by two factors. Whilst many behavorial scientists agree that man is basically sessile because of various socio-economic and psychological reasons, Singapore, in the process of urban-renewal and the construction of high-rise public or Housing and Development Board (H.D.B.) flats, has embarked on a massive relocation programme involving the rehousing of thousands of people each year. Most of those people are invariably rehoused into H.D.B. flats where many of them not only have to adjust to the new physical environment but also to a socially more heterogonous neighbourhood. Few sociological resources have systematically examined the impact of relocation per se in Singapore. This study, although confined to the tenants of a block of one-room flats, worked towards an objective assessment of the efforts of the relocation process on the relocatees in the study block. The research findings are as follows: 1. Tenants in the block, as a whole, adjusted successfully to their new H.D.B. flats and neighbourhood. 69% of those who experienced significant changes in the various aspects of their housing structures and 67% of those who mentioned similar changes in the various aspects of their neighbour hoods were generally satisfied with the changes in their housing structures and neighbourhoods respectively. 2. Although a majority of voluntary relocatees and involuntary relocatees adjusted successfully to the new environment, the relationship between typo of relocation and adjustment to the new environment was found to be significant. Voluntary relocatees were significantly more satisfied with their new H.D.B. flats and neighbourhood than involuntary relocatees while involuntary cases were significantly less satisfied than voluntary cases. 3. Relocation did not result in the dislocation of the social organization and social structure of the tenants in the study block. Social ties with primary groups were still maintained in most cases despite a small percentage of respondents who reported a decrease in the frequency of face-to-face contact with their primary groups. 4. Contrary to the findings of some studies, the research indicated that the majority of the respondents were neighbourly. Although manifest neighbourliness, as characterised by overt forms of neighbourly interactions was low amongst about 62% of the residents, latent neigbourliness as reflected in positive or favourable attitudes towards neighbours, prevailed in about 32% of these respondents. 5. Relocation per se, however, resulted in economic difficulties for many of those low-income people. 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Whilst many behavorial scientists agree that man is basically sessile because of various socio-economic and psychological reasons, Singapore, in the process of urban-renewal and the construction of high-rise public or Housing and Development Board (H.D.B.) flats, has embarked on a massive relocation programme involving the rehousing of thousands of people each year. Most of those people are invariably rehoused into H.D.B. flats where many of them not only have to adjust to the new physical environment but also to a socially more heterogonous neighbourhood. Few sociological resources have systematically examined the impact of relocation per se in Singapore. This study, although confined to the tenants of a block of one-room flats, worked towards an objective assessment of the efforts of the relocation process on the relocatees in the study block. The research findings are as follows: 1. Tenants in the block, as a whole, adjusted successfully to their new H.D.B. flats and neighbourhood. 69% of those who experienced significant changes in the various aspects of their housing structures and 67% of those who mentioned similar changes in the various aspects of their neighbour hoods were generally satisfied with the changes in their housing structures and neighbourhoods respectively. 2. Although a majority of voluntary relocatees and involuntary relocatees adjusted successfully to the new environment, the relationship between typo of relocation and adjustment to the new environment was found to be significant. Voluntary relocatees were significantly more satisfied with their new H.D.B. flats and neighbourhood than involuntary relocatees while involuntary cases were significantly less satisfied than voluntary cases. 3. Relocation did not result in the dislocation of the social organization and social structure of the tenants in the study block. Social ties with primary groups were still maintained in most cases despite a small percentage of respondents who reported a decrease in the frequency of face-to-face contact with their primary groups. 4. Contrary to the findings of some studies, the research indicated that the majority of the respondents were neighbourly. Although manifest neighbourliness, as characterised by overt forms of neighbourly interactions was low amongst about 62% of the residents, latent neigbourliness as reflected in positive or favourable attitudes towards neighbours, prevailed in about 32% of these respondents. 5. Relocation per se, however, resulted in economic difficulties for many of those low-income people. 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