{"id":{"repo_id":"nus","oai_identifier":"oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/150766"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/nus/oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/150766","repository":{"repo_id":"nus","name":"National University of Singapore","base_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"AN ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE TRENDS OF FUTURE CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROCUREMENT ARRANGEMENTS IN SINGAPORE","abstract":"The area of construction project procurement has generated a great deal of concern over the years due to its important influence on the performance of construction projects and the construction industry as a whole. Construction industry is operated in an external environment within which subsystems such as economical, political, financial, legal and technological are interacted. The volatile nature of these environmental factors has resulted in the construction industry to be in a challenging state in addressing efficiently and effectively the changes forced by such factors. Consequently, construction Project Procurement Arrangement (PPA) practice is subject to timely changes and this change is identified in three forms in any construction industry as emergence of absolute innovative arrangements, development of hybrid forms to main forms available and change in the incidence of use of available arrangements. As the influence from external environment factors are directed through the construction industry the study identified six industry factors that are close to the change concerned, namely, client, contractor, consultant, form of contract, statutory regulations /institutional influence and construction market. Thus, conceptualisation of the assessment of the change in PPAs practice with systems perspective is based on individual analysis and then the holistic view of the above six factors, which enables logical and meaningful assessment of the future trends of PPAs practice at the industry level. The change in PPA practice is time related and rate of change is different in contextually different environments. Similarly, particular PPA developed elsewhere may not be suitable to use for another contextually different environment. However, many industries including Singapore are using PPAs developed elsewhere mainly in UK and USA and are faced with many problems due to incompatibility of those with the industry practices and perceptions. These problems together with the volatile nature of the factors affecting the change have exaggerated the need for applying efficient and effective PPAs practice in Singapore. Such a practice is vital to avoid conflicts among players and to increase productivity. Specifically, the landmark report in Singapore \"C21\" identified the application of PPAs as one strategic thrust through which productivity of the industry would be enhanced. The approach of this research aimed to forecast the use trends as well as trends of the overall practice of PPAs in the Singapore construction industry. As such, the present status of the factors affecting the change in PPA practice of Singapore have been established and interpreted to explain the current practice and to predict the future trends. The study observed that Traditional Procurement Arrangements (TPA), basically, lump sum and measurement are still dominant in Singapore. Though the extent of the change is insignificant, the study identified a clear decrease in the use of TPAs over the past six years. Design and Build (DB) is found to be the second most used form of PPA in Singapore and increase in the use of DB was observed during the past six years. The industry's expectation to increase the use of DB extensively has not been successful due to many reasons identified in the study. Management oriented arrangements are still new to Singapore and statistical insignificance of the results restricted this study to draw further conclusions regarding use and the performance of the same. However, it was observed that management oriented arrangements provide favourable solutions to project procurement in Singapore provided that the impediments to growth are eliminated. Regarding the future trends of PPAs practice, TPA is observed to be decreased, at a very low pace. In a similar manner, DB is observed to have increased its share within the near future (next six years). Management oriented arrangements are also expected to be increased in their share. However, within the near future, use of TPA will still be predominant. Therefore, while promoting use of non-traditional PPAs, Singapore should promote best practices of whatever the PPAs that are used. In this regard, a best practice guideline for PPAs practice is recommended to be followed by target groups at three levels towards efficient and effective construction project procurement practice in Singapore.","abstract_html":"The area of construction project procurement has generated a great deal of concern over the years due to its important influence on the performance of construction projects and the construction industry as a whole. Construction industry is operated in an external environment within which subsystems such as economical, political, financial, legal and technological are interacted. The volatile nature of these environmental factors has resulted in the construction industry to be in a challenging state in addressing efficiently and effectively the changes forced by such factors. Consequently, construction Project Procurement Arrangement (PPA) practice is subject to timely changes and this change is identified in three forms in any construction industry as emergence of absolute innovative arrangements, development of hybrid forms to main forms available and change in the incidence of use of available arrangements. As the influence from external environment factors are directed through the construction industry the study identified six industry factors that are close to the change concerned, namely, client, contractor, consultant, form of contract, statutory regulations /institutional influence and construction market. Thus, conceptualisation of the assessment of the change in PPAs practice with systems perspective is based on individual analysis and then the holistic view of the above six factors, which enables logical and meaningful assessment of the future trends of PPAs practice at the industry level. The change in PPA practice is time related and rate of change is different in contextually different environments. Similarly, particular PPA developed elsewhere may not be suitable to use for another contextually different environment. However, many industries including Singapore are using PPAs developed elsewhere mainly in UK and USA and are faced with many problems due to incompatibility of those with the industry practices and perceptions. These problems together with the volatile nature of the factors affecting the change have exaggerated the need for applying efficient and effective PPAs practice in Singapore. Such a practice is vital to avoid conflicts among players and to increase productivity. Specifically, the landmark report in Singapore "C21" identified the application of PPAs as one strategic thrust through which productivity of the industry would be enhanced. The approach of this research aimed to forecast the use trends as well as trends of the overall practice of PPAs in the Singapore construction industry. As such, the present status of the factors affecting the change in PPA practice of Singapore have been established and interpreted to explain the current practice and to predict the future trends. The study observed that Traditional Procurement Arrangements (TPA), basically, lump sum and measurement are still dominant in Singapore. Though the extent of the change is insignificant, the study identified a clear decrease in the use of TPAs over the past six years. Design and Build (DB) is found to be the second most used form of PPA in Singapore and increase in the use of DB was observed during the past six years. The industry's expectation to increase the use of DB extensively has not been successful due to many reasons identified in the study. Management oriented arrangements are still new to Singapore and statistical insignificance of the results restricted this study to draw further conclusions regarding use and the performance of the same. However, it was observed that management oriented arrangements provide favourable solutions to project procurement in Singapore provided that the impediments to growth are eliminated. Regarding the future trends of PPAs practice, TPA is observed to be decreased, at a very low pace. In a similar manner, DB is observed to have increased its share within the near future (next six years). Management oriented arrangements are also expected to be increased in their share. However, within the near future, use of TPA will still be predominant. Therefore, while promoting use of non-traditional PPAs, Singapore should promote best practices of whatever the PPAs that are used. In this regard, a best practice guideline for PPAs practice is recommended to be followed by target groups at three levels towards efficient and effective construction project procurement practice in Singapore.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["G S S DE SILVA"],"institution":null,"degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2001,"date_issued":"2001","date_published":"2001","updated_at":"2026-07-24T03:30:34Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["G S S DE SILVA"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2001"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/150766"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/bitstreams/97b94445-2ff6-4836-bc33-8e20e7c94514/download"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The area of construction project procurement has generated a great deal of concern over the years due to its important influence on the performance of construction projects and the construction industry as a whole. Construction industry is operated in an external environment within which subsystems such as economical, political, financial, legal and technological are interacted. The volatile nature of these environmental factors has resulted in the construction industry to be in a challenging state in addressing efficiently and effectively the changes forced by such factors. Consequently, construction Project Procurement Arrangement (PPA) practice is subject to timely changes and this change is identified in three forms in any construction industry as emergence of absolute innovative arrangements, development of hybrid forms to main forms available and change in the incidence of use of available arrangements. As the influence from external environment factors are directed through the construction industry the study identified six industry factors that are close to the change concerned, namely, client, contractor, consultant, form of contract, statutory regulations /institutional influence and construction market. Thus, conceptualisation of the assessment of the change in PPAs practice with systems perspective is based on individual analysis and then the holistic view of the above six factors, which enables logical and meaningful assessment of the future trends of PPAs practice at the industry level. The change in PPA practice is time related and rate of change is different in contextually different environments. Similarly, particular PPA developed elsewhere may not be suitable to use for another contextually different environment. However, many industries including Singapore are using PPAs developed elsewhere mainly in UK and USA and are faced with many problems due to incompatibility of those with the industry practices and perceptions. These problems together with the volatile nature of the factors affecting the change have exaggerated the need for applying efficient and effective PPAs practice in Singapore. Such a practice is vital to avoid conflicts among players and to increase productivity. Specifically, the landmark report in Singapore \"C21\" identified the application of PPAs as one strategic thrust through which productivity of the industry would be enhanced. The approach of this research aimed to forecast the use trends as well as trends of the overall practice of PPAs in the Singapore construction industry. As such, the present status of the factors affecting the change in PPA practice of Singapore have been established and interpreted to explain the current practice and to predict the future trends. The study observed that Traditional Procurement Arrangements (TPA), basically, lump sum and measurement are still dominant in Singapore. Though the extent of the change is insignificant, the study identified a clear decrease in the use of TPAs over the past six years. Design and Build (DB) is found to be the second most used form of PPA in Singapore and increase in the use of DB was observed during the past six years. The industry's expectation to increase the use of DB extensively has not been successful due to many reasons identified in the study. Management oriented arrangements are still new to Singapore and statistical insignificance of the results restricted this study to draw further conclusions regarding use and the performance of the same. However, it was observed that management oriented arrangements provide favourable solutions to project procurement in Singapore provided that the impediments to growth are eliminated. Regarding the future trends of PPAs practice, TPA is observed to be decreased, at a very low pace. In a similar manner, DB is observed to have increased its share within the near future (next six years). Management oriented arrangements are also expected to be increased in their share. However, within the near future, use of TPA will still be predominant. Therefore, while promoting use of non-traditional PPAs, Singapore should promote best practices of whatever the PPAs that are used. 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Construction industry is operated in an external environment within which subsystems such as economical, political, financial, legal and technological are interacted. The volatile nature of these environmental factors has resulted in the construction industry to be in a challenging state in addressing efficiently and effectively the changes forced by such factors. Consequently, construction Project Procurement Arrangement (PPA) practice is subject to timely changes and this change is identified in three forms in any construction industry as emergence of absolute innovative arrangements, development of hybrid forms to main forms available and change in the incidence of use of available arrangements. As the influence from external environment factors are directed through the construction industry the study identified six industry factors that are close to the change concerned, namely, client, contractor, consultant, form of contract, statutory regulations /institutional influence and construction market. Thus, conceptualisation of the assessment of the change in PPAs practice with systems perspective is based on individual analysis and then the holistic view of the above six factors, which enables logical and meaningful assessment of the future trends of PPAs practice at the industry level. The change in PPA practice is time related and rate of change is different in contextually different environments. Similarly, particular PPA developed elsewhere may not be suitable to use for another contextually different environment. However, many industries including Singapore are using PPAs developed elsewhere mainly in UK and USA and are faced with many problems due to incompatibility of those with the industry practices and perceptions. These problems together with the volatile nature of the factors affecting the change have exaggerated the need for applying efficient and effective PPAs practice in Singapore. Such a practice is vital to avoid conflicts among players and to increase productivity. Specifically, the landmark report in Singapore \"C21\" identified the application of PPAs as one strategic thrust through which productivity of the industry would be enhanced. The approach of this research aimed to forecast the use trends as well as trends of the overall practice of PPAs in the Singapore construction industry. As such, the present status of the factors affecting the change in PPA practice of Singapore have been established and interpreted to explain the current practice and to predict the future trends. The study observed that Traditional Procurement Arrangements (TPA), basically, lump sum and measurement are still dominant in Singapore. Though the extent of the change is insignificant, the study identified a clear decrease in the use of TPAs over the past six years. Design and Build (DB) is found to be the second most used form of PPA in Singapore and increase in the use of DB was observed during the past six years. The industry's expectation to increase the use of DB extensively has not been successful due to many reasons identified in the study. Management oriented arrangements are still new to Singapore and statistical insignificance of the results restricted this study to draw further conclusions regarding use and the performance of the same. However, it was observed that management oriented arrangements provide favourable solutions to project procurement in Singapore provided that the impediments to growth are eliminated. Regarding the future trends of PPAs practice, TPA is observed to be decreased, at a very low pace. In a similar manner, DB is observed to have increased its share within the near future (next six years). Management oriented arrangements are also expected to be increased in their share. However, within the near future, use of TPA will still be predominant. Therefore, while promoting use of non-traditional PPAs, Singapore should promote best practices of whatever the PPAs that are used. 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