COMMUTER EXPOSURE TO AEROSOL POLLUTION ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN SINGAPORE

A large proportion of aerosol exposure is experienced during daily commuting trips due to the proximity to traffic. Improved understanding of the variability across transport modes and transportation choices is important for commuters and authorities. Mobile measurements of PM10, PM2.5, particle number (PN), black carbon (BC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAH), and active surface area (ASA) were taken in downtown Singapore on bus, taxi, MRT, and by walking. Simultaneous measurements of PM, PN, and CO were taken at a local park. Mean PM2.5 concentrations on the bus, MRT, taxi, and walking modes are 1.17, 1.09, 1.11, 1.50 times higher than at the background site. PN exhibits a similar trend except for the MRT mode which has lower average values than at the background site. In-vehicle concentrations for buses and taxis are lower than those in the literature, which may be attributed to differences in study conditions.

Author dc:creator

• TAN SOK HUANG

• personal exposure, particulate matter, transport microenvironment, transport mode