{"id":{"repo_id":"nps","oai_identifier":"oai:calhoun.nps.edu:10945/5803"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/nps/oai:calhoun.nps.edu:10945/5803","repository":{"repo_id":"nps","name":"Naval Postgraduate School","base_url":"https://calhoun.nps.edu/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Braving the swarm : lowering anticipated group bias in integrated fire/police units facing paramilitary terrorism","abstract":"The Fire the City of New York (FDNY) has responded to the consequences of terrorist incidents for decades, but global trends in active-shooter terrorism may force firefighters to operate in an active, hostile environment, and not just in the aftermath of attacks. In assault-style terrorism, a swift-moving, networked enemy combines small-arms with explosives or accelerants, causing extensive fires and smoke conditions, further endangering victims or hostages. To continue its position as a lead innovator in the national fire service, the FDNY must create new strategies and collaborations to frame its participation in swarm-like terrorist attacks, requiring a plurality of expertise from the across the emergency-responder spectrum. In light of this emerging threat, the all-hazards approach is no longer adequate. The answer to Mumbaistyle attacks may require combined fire/police units. The units can only succeed with an understanding of group bias, which must be attenuated or managed for the integrated unit to function effectively.","abstract_html":"The Fire the City of New York (FDNY) has responded to the consequences of terrorist incidents for decades, but global trends in active-shooter terrorism may force firefighters to operate in an active, hostile environment, and not just in the aftermath of attacks. In assault-style terrorism, a swift-moving, networked enemy combines small-arms with explosives or accelerants, causing extensive fires and smoke conditions, further endangering victims or hostages. To continue its position as a lead innovator in the national fire service, the FDNY must create new strategies and collaborations to frame its participation in swarm-like terrorist attacks, requiring a plurality of expertise from the across the emergency-responder spectrum. In light of this emerging threat, the all-hazards approach is no longer adequate. The answer to Mumbaistyle attacks may require combined fire/police units. The units can only succeed with an understanding of group bias, which must be attenuated or managed for the integrated unit to function effectively.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Newman, Sean S."],"institution":"Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"National Security Affairs (NSA)","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Bach, Robert"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-03","date_published":"2011-03","updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:24:35Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":["Copyright is reserved by the copyright owner."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10945/5803","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Bach, Robert"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["National Security Affairs (NSA)"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Newman, Sean S."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2012-03-14T17:46:47Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2012-03-14T17:46:47Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2011-03"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright is reserved by the copyright owner."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10945/5803"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["CHDS State/Local"]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The Fire the City of New York (FDNY) has responded to the consequences of terrorist incidents for decades, but global trends in active-shooter terrorism may force firefighters to operate in an active, hostile environment, and not just in the aftermath of attacks. In assault-style terrorism, a swift-moving, networked enemy combines small-arms with explosives or accelerants, causing extensive fires and smoke conditions, further endangering victims or hostages. To continue its position as a lead innovator in the national fire service, the FDNY must create new strategies and collaborations to frame its participation in swarm-like terrorist attacks, requiring a plurality of expertise from the across the emergency-responder spectrum. In light of this emerging threat, the all-hazards approach is no longer adequate. The answer to Mumbaistyle attacks may require combined fire/police units. The units can only succeed with an understanding of group bias, which must be attenuated or managed for the integrated unit to function effectively."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Braving the swarm : lowering anticipated group bias in integrated fire/police units facing paramilitary terrorism"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Bach, Robert"],"dc:contributor.department":["National Security Affairs (NSA)"],"dc:creator":["Newman, Sean S."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2012-03-14T17:46:47Z"],"dc:date.available":["2012-03-14T17:46:47Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2011-03"],"dc:description":["CHDS State/Local"],"dc:description.abstract":["The Fire the City of New York (FDNY) has responded to the consequences of terrorist incidents for decades, but global trends in active-shooter terrorism may force firefighters to operate in an active, hostile environment, and not just in the aftermath of attacks. In assault-style terrorism, a swift-moving, networked enemy combines small-arms with explosives or accelerants, causing extensive fires and smoke conditions, further endangering victims or hostages. To continue its position as a lead innovator in the national fire service, the FDNY must create new strategies and collaborations to frame its participation in swarm-like terrorist attacks, requiring a plurality of expertise from the across the emergency-responder spectrum. In light of this emerging threat, the all-hazards approach is no longer adequate. The answer to Mumbaistyle attacks may require combined fire/police units. The units can only succeed with an understanding of group bias, which must be attenuated or managed for the integrated unit to function effectively."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10945/5803"],"dc:publisher":["Monterey, CA; Naval Postgraduate School"],"dc:rights":["Copyright is reserved by the copyright owner."],"dc:title":["Braving the swarm : lowering anticipated group bias in integrated fire/police units facing paramilitary terrorism"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T20:24:35Z"}